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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for using 'affirmative' instead of 'yes' in radio communication?
What is the primary reason for using 'affirmative' instead of 'yes' in radio communication?
- It is a more formal way to communicate.
- It is used exclusively in aviation communication.
- It is more easily understood over the radio. (correct)
- It is shorter and quicker to say.
What does a controller mean when they say 'say intentions' to a pilot?
What does a controller mean when they say 'say intentions' to a pilot?
- The pilot must confirm their altitude and speed.
- The pilot should state their plans after completing a manoeuvre. (correct)
- The pilot should describe their flight plan immediately.
- The pilot must communicate their location to the controller.
What is the significance of using the word 'expect' in air traffic control instructions?
What is the significance of using the word 'expect' in air traffic control instructions?
- It indicates a change in the current flight clearance.
- It signifies that the controller is unsure of the exact procedures.
- It indicates a mandatory instruction that has to be followed immediately.
- It provides an advance notice of possible future instructions to aid in pilot planning. (correct)
Why should air traffic controllers avoid using slang or CB radio language in their communications?
Why should air traffic controllers avoid using slang or CB radio language in their communications?
Considering the principles discussed, which communication example best demonstrates standard phraseology?
Considering the principles discussed, which communication example best demonstrates standard phraseology?
In the context of aviation communication, what does the term 'negative' represent?
In the context of aviation communication, what does the term 'negative' represent?
According to the provided text, where would one find a list of common ATC abbreviations in addition to the table mentioned?
According to the provided text, where would one find a list of common ATC abbreviations in addition to the table mentioned?
Which of the following best describes the primary reason for using standardized aircraft identification procedures?
Which of the following best describes the primary reason for using standardized aircraft identification procedures?
How is an aircraft's identification call sign determined when it is a scheduled airline flight operating under FAR 121 or 125?
How is an aircraft's identification call sign determined when it is a scheduled airline flight operating under FAR 121 or 125?
What is the purpose of the three-letter airline designator?
What is the purpose of the three-letter airline designator?
What is implied by stating that approved airline names have been selected to ensure that no two sound similar?
What is implied by stating that approved airline names have been selected to ensure that no two sound similar?
A controller is unsure which of two aircraft just made a position report. Why is this considered problematic?
A controller is unsure which of two aircraft just made a position report. Why is this considered problematic?
Which document provides a list of air carrier names and their associated three-letter identifiers?
Which document provides a list of air carrier names and their associated three-letter identifiers?
Why is it mentioned that it is vitally important that control information directed to one aircraft be received by that aircraft?
Why is it mentioned that it is vitally important that control information directed to one aircraft be received by that aircraft?
What does the text imply about the function of the air traffic control system?
What does the text imply about the function of the air traffic control system?
What is the primary reason for assigning a departing aircraft a specific heading?
What is the primary reason for assigning a departing aircraft a specific heading?
In a 'cleared as filed' (CAF) clearance, what condition usually necessitates appending the first airway to the clearance?
In a 'cleared as filed' (CAF) clearance, what condition usually necessitates appending the first airway to the clearance?
If an aircraft is instructed to 'fly heading 290 and join victor 251', what type of navigation method will be used after joining?
If an aircraft is instructed to 'fly heading 290 and join victor 251', what type of navigation method will be used after joining?
Given the phrase 'Kingair three papa uniform, fly runway heading until able direct the Kokomo VOR', what does 'direct' imply?
Given the phrase 'Kingair three papa uniform, fly runway heading until able direct the Kokomo VOR', what does 'direct' imply?
What is the significance of a route of flight consisting of a sequence of airways or navaids as opposed to a direct route?
What is the significance of a route of flight consisting of a sequence of airways or navaids as opposed to a direct route?
If an aircraft is told to 'turn right heading one five zero, join victor ninety-seven,' what does the 'turn right heading' instruction imply?
If an aircraft is told to 'turn right heading one five zero, join victor ninety-seven,' what does the 'turn right heading' instruction imply?
In the context provided, what is the purpose of the 'fly runway heading' instruction in 'fly runway heading until able direct the Kokomo VOR'?
In the context provided, what is the purpose of the 'fly runway heading' instruction in 'fly runway heading until able direct the Kokomo VOR'?
Why is it a common practice for ATC to issue a specific heading to a departing aircraft before joining its designated route?
Why is it a common practice for ATC to issue a specific heading to a departing aircraft before joining its designated route?
What does the communication 'Midwest five six three, fly heading one one zero' mean?
What does the communication 'Midwest five six three, fly heading one one zero' mean?
Which of these radio communications is an example of a 'cleared as filed' (CAF) clearance substitution?
Which of these radio communications is an example of a 'cleared as filed' (CAF) clearance substitution?
What prefix is used for a U.S. Marine Corps aircraft call sign?
What prefix is used for a U.S. Marine Corps aircraft call sign?
A Canadian Armed Forces Transport Command aircraft would use which prefix?
A Canadian Armed Forces Transport Command aircraft would use which prefix?
An aircraft with the call sign 'Lifeguard Cessna two five one lima november' would be operating as what type of service?
An aircraft with the call sign 'Lifeguard Cessna two five one lima november' would be operating as what type of service?
What is the correct pronunciation of the military call sign 'A14932'?
What is the correct pronunciation of the military call sign 'A14932'?
Which of the following prefixes is associated with a U.S. Army aircraft?
Which of the following prefixes is associated with a U.S. Army aircraft?
A flight check aircraft would have which prefix?
A flight check aircraft would have which prefix?
What does the suffix 'zulu' ('Z') signify when added to a military training flight call sign?
What does the suffix 'zulu' ('Z') signify when added to a military training flight call sign?
Which prefix is used to identify a LOGAIR flight?
Which prefix is used to identify a LOGAIR flight?
If an aircraft has the call sign 'Navy one niner six three', which prefix is likely?
If an aircraft has the call sign 'Navy one niner six three', which prefix is likely?
When a pilot requests a reissuance of an IFR clearance at a future time, what is the controller's primary responsibility after complying with the request?
When a pilot requests a reissuance of an IFR clearance at a future time, what is the controller's primary responsibility after complying with the request?
What is the primary operational advantage of issuing a 'cruise' clearance to an IFR aircraft?
What is the primary operational advantage of issuing a 'cruise' clearance to an IFR aircraft?
Under a 'cruise' clearance, when can a pilot not return to a previously vacated altitude without additional ATC clearance?
Under a 'cruise' clearance, when can a pilot not return to a previously vacated altitude without additional ATC clearance?
What does a 'cruise' clearance authorize a pilot to conduct at their destination airport, in addition to operating in the altitude block?
What does a 'cruise' clearance authorize a pilot to conduct at their destination airport, in addition to operating in the altitude block?
Why might air traffic control require an aircraft to 'cross' a fix at a precise altitude?
Why might air traffic control require an aircraft to 'cross' a fix at a precise altitude?
If a controller issues a crossing restriction specifying 'at or above' 5,000 feet, what must the pilot do?
If a controller issues a crossing restriction specifying 'at or above' 5,000 feet, what must the pilot do?
When a crossing restriction has been issued, what is the pilot's responsibility regarding altitude changes before passing the fix?
When a crossing restriction has been issued, what is the pilot's responsibility regarding altitude changes before passing the fix?
What phrase precedes a clearance when a controller wants a pilot to change altitude at the aircraft's optimal rate?
What phrase precedes a clearance when a controller wants a pilot to change altitude at the aircraft's optimal rate?
When a new altitude is assigned, what is the pilot expected to do with their rate of climb or descent?
When a new altitude is assigned, what is the pilot expected to do with their rate of climb or descent?
Besides issuing a new IFR clearance, what other instruction will a controller give during the reissuance of a clearance?
Besides issuing a new IFR clearance, what other instruction will a controller give during the reissuance of a clearance?
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Study Notes
Aircraft Phraseology and Identification
- Option Clearance: Allows pilots to land, perform touch-and-go, stop-and-go, or low approaches. Pilots generally do not inform controllers of the chosen option. Used in training.
- ILS Approach Clearance: Authorizes an ILS approach for a specific runway, but not necessarily a landing. Requires a separate clearance for landing.
- Instrument Approach Procedure Clearance: Permits any instrument approach procedure at a designated airport.
- IFR Clearance: Used for pre-departure IFR clearances, must include aircraft identification, the word "cleared," clearance limits, departure instructions, route of flight, altitudes, holding instructions, additional info, and frequency/transponder code. Some elements are not always required.
- Aircraft Identification: Standardized procedures to prevent confusion and ensure correct communication with the correct aircraft. Each plane has a unique call sign tied to a three-letter FAA identifier and a flight number.
Aircraft Call Signs
- Airline Flights: Scheduled airline flights (FAR 121 or 125) use the airline's name combined with flight number (e.g., Comair 26-11).
- General Aviation Flights: Aircraft call signs commonly consist of the aircraft type and a unique serial number (e.g., N231PA a Piper Cherokee).
- Military Aircraft: Varying call signs (5 numbers, one word plus numbers, or two letters plus numbers) which include (but not limited to) the military service (e.g. Army 23956).
- Special Purposes Aircraft: Call sign prefixes based on the mission (e.g., air ambulance, air taxi).
- Presidential Aircraft: Special call signs (e.g. Air Force One, Marine One) to alert controllers to requiring extra attention
Destination and Departure Instructions
- Destination Clearance: Preferably for the pilot's final destination on a route, but may be modified or to an intermediate point and/or time of arrival if the route or airport isn't accessible.
- Departure Instructions: Include initial route to the flight which will be a previously published SID, or a heading (e.g., "turn right heading" (TR), "turn left heading" (TL), "fly heading" (FH).
- Altitude Instructions: May have instructions to maintain or ascend/descend to a particular altitude. Prefixes like "climb and" or "descend and" to adjust the altitude.
Holding Instructions
- Holding Patterns: Required in certain situations (e.g., traffic congestion at destination, need for separation)
- Holding Pattern Details: Including direction from the fix (navigation aid), holding fix, radial, course or route, leg length in time or miles, turn direction, and estimated exit time.
Required Reports
- Report Crossing (RX): Reporting crossing a specific point or fix.
- Report Reaching (RR) : When aircraft reaches a particular altitude.
- Report Leaving (RL): For passing through an intermediate altitude.
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