58 Questions
Which component of the landing gear assembly provides support and stabilization?
Shock strut/Oleo
What is the purpose of trunnions in the landing gear assembly?
To connect the landing gear to the airframe
What type of landing gear system does Figure 14 depict?
Retractable landing gear
What is the purpose of drag links in the landing gear assembly?
To resist drag forces
Why do different manufacturers occasionally use different terms for the same landing gear components?
Due to differences in design philosophy
What is the purpose of fairings in the landing gear assembly?
To reduce aerodynamic drag
What type of component is responsible for retracting the landing gear?
Actuator
What is the term for the connection between the landing gear and the airframe?
Trunnion
What is the primary purpose of shock-absorbing landing gear?
To alter and transfer shock energy throughout the airframe
What type of landing gear is commonly found on helicopters and sailplanes?
Rigid landing gear
What is the primary purpose of non-shock absorbing landing gear?
To transfer shock energy throughout the airframe
What type of landing gear is designed to soften ground contact through pilot skill?
Rigid landing gear
What is the primary purpose of a shock cord in landing gear?
To absorb shock energy during landing
What is the primary difference between shock-absorbing and non-shock absorbing landing gear?
One absorbs shock energy, the other does not
What type of landing gear is designed to transfer the weight of the aircraft to the ground?
Non-shock absorbing landing gear
What is the primary purpose of the tyre on a glider's landing gear?
To provide some cushioning effect
What is the primary function of an actuator in a landing gear system?
To retract or extend the undercarriage
What is the name of the component that connects the door activator to the gear trunion?
Attach pin
What type of operation is most commonly used to retract landing gear?
Hydraulic
What is the name of the component that connects the scissors assy to the gear?
Drag brace
What is the function of the door activator?
To open the landing gear door
What type of actuator is commonly used in undercarriage systems?
Double-acting
What is the name of the component that connects the gear to the door hinge?
Trunion pin
What is the purpose of the uplock roller?
To hold the landing gear in the up position
What is the material used for the landing gear struts when rubber shock cord is used?
Steel tubing
What is the purpose of the bungee cords in the shock cord landing gear system?
To take up loads and return them to the airframe at a non-damaging rate
What type of material is used for the landing gear struts on some light aircraft?
Single tapered strips or tubes of strong spring steel or composite material
What happens to the landing gear struts during ground contact?
They flex initially and forces are transferred as they return to their original position
What is the purpose of the spring steel undercarriage on some light aircraft?
To dissipate the energy of landing
Where are the landing gear struts bolted to on some light aircraft?
The heavy structure of the aircraft under the cabin area
What happens to the forces generated during landing on an aircraft with spring steel undercarriage?
They are dissipated back to the airframe at a non-damaging rate
What is the benefit of using rubber shock cord or spring steel undercarriage in landing gear systems?
Dissipation of landing energy at a non-damaging rate
What is the primary function of the landing gear in an aircraft?
To support the aircraft during ground operations
What is the purpose of uplocks and downlocks in landing gear?
To lock the landing gear in place during flight
What is the main characteristic of a landing gear system?
Strong and reliable
What is the purpose of the struts/oleos in landing gear?
To absorb shock and vibrations during taxiing and landing
What is the primary function of the wheel assemblies in landing gear?
To provide support during ground operations
What is the purpose of the nose wheel steering system?
To steer the aircraft during ground operations
What is the main characteristic of the brake and anti-skid system?
Reliable and efficient
What is the purpose of the mechanical systems and linkages in landing gear?
To connect and transmit forces between components
What is the primary function of the wheel assemblies in landing gear?
To cushion the landing impact
What is the purpose of uplocks and downlocks in landing gear?
To retract and lock the landing gear in place
What is the purpose of the struts/oleos in landing gear?
To absorb shock and reduce vibration
What is the primary function of the nose wheel steering system?
To steer the nose wheel during ground operations
What is the main characteristic of the brake and anti-skid system?
To prevent wheel lockup and improve braking efficiency
What is the purpose of the mechanical systems and linkages in landing gear?
To connect and coordinate the movement of landing gear components
What is the primary function of the trunnions in a landing gear assembly?
To connect the landing gear to the airframe
What is the purpose of the fairings in a landing gear assembly?
To reduce drag and improve aerodynamics
Which component is responsible for retracting the landing gear into the aircraft?
Actuator
What is the primary function of the shock struts/oleos in a landing gear assembly?
To absorb shock during landing
What is the term for the connection between the landing gear and the airframe?
Trunnion
What is the purpose of the torque links in a landing gear assembly?
To resist twisting forces during landing
What is the primary purpose of non-shock absorbing landing gear?
To transfer the shock energy to the airframe
Which type of landing gear is commonly found on helicopters and sailplanes?
Non-shock absorbing landing gear
What is the primary function of the tyre on a glider's landing gear?
To cushion the ground contact during landing
What type of landing gear relies on pilot skill for a soft ground contact?
Non-shock absorbing landing gear
What is the primary difference between shock-absorbing and non-shock absorbing landing gear?
One absorbs shock energy and the other transfers it to the airframe
What is the purpose of the spring type gear in landing gear?
To absorb the shock energy during landing
Study Notes
Landing Gear Assemblies
- A landing gear assembly consists of various components designed to support and stabilize the assembly.
- Components include actuators, trunnions, drag, torque, and side links, shock struts/Oleos, and fairings.
Classification of Landing Gear
- There are two basic classifications of landing gear: fixed and retractable.
- The arrangement of the landing gear varies greatly under these classifications; they may be tricycle, tailwheel, bicycle, skids, or floats.
- Under these arrangements, the types also differ with Shock Absorbing and Non-absorbing.
Non-Shock Absorbing Landing Gear
- Non-shock absorbing landing gear includes types that dissipate the energy of the aircraft contacting the ground during landing by altering and transferring the shock energy throughout the airframe at a different rate.
- Examples include rigid landing gear, shock cord landing gear, and spring type gear.
- Rigid landing gear is commonly found on helicopters and sailplanes, and is rigidly mounted to the aircraft with no specific component to cushion the ground contact.
- The landing gear of a glider is often no more than a wheel and tyre mounted directly on the airframe, with the tyre providing some cushioning effect.
Landing Gear Retraction Systems
- Landing gear retraction systems can be described in terms of layout, operation, characteristics, and electrical and instrument interfaces.
Brake and Anti-Skid Systems
- Brake and anti-skid systems can be described in terms of layout, operation, characteristics, and electrical and instrument interfaces.
Nose Wheel Steering Systems
- Nose wheel steering systems can be described in terms of layout, operation, characteristics, and electrical and instrument interfaces.
Components of Landing Gear
- Wheel assemblies, struts/Oleos, and uplocks and downlocks are components of landing gear that can be described in terms of construction and operation.
- Mechanical systems and linkages are also components of landing gear.
Actuators
- Actuators are used to retract or extend the undercarriage and can be operated hydraulically, pneumatically, or electrically.
- Hydraulic operation is the most common method of retracting landing gear.
Types of Landing Gear
- Rigid landing gear is commonly found on helicopters and sailplanes.
- Shock cord landing gear uses rubber shock cord to dissipate the energy of landing.
- Spring steel undercarriage uses single tapered strips or tubes of strong spring steel or composite material to dissipate the energy of landing.
Landing Gear Components
- Landing gear assemblies consist of various components designed to support and stabilise the assembly
- Components include:
- Actuators
- Trunnions
- Drag, torque, and side links
- Shock struts/Oleos
- Fairings
Classification of Landing Gear
- Two basic classifications of landing gear: fixed or retractable
- Arrangement of landing gear varies greatly under these classifications, including:
- Tricycle
- Tailwheel
- Bicycle
- Skids
- Floats
Non-Shock Absorbing Landing Gear
- Includes types of landing gear that dissipate energy of aircraft contacting the ground during landing by altering and transferring shock energy throughout the airframe
- Types include:
- Rigid landing gear (commonly found on helicopters and sailplanes)
- Shock cord landing gear
- Spring type gear
Rigid Landing Gear
- Rigidly mounted to the aircraft with no specific component to cushion the ground contact
- Examples include:
- Landing gear skid of a helicopter
- Landing gear of a glider (often just a wheel and tyre mounted directly on the airframe)
Landing Gear Systems
- Retraction systems:
- Layout
- Operation
- Characteristics
- Electrical and instrument interfaces
- Brake and anti-skid systems:
- Components construction and operation
- Layout
- Operation
- Characteristics
- Electrical and instrument interfaces
- Nose wheel steering systems:
- Components operation and construction
- Layout
- Operation
- Characteristics
- Electrical and instrument interfaces
- Wheel assemblies:
- Construction and operation
- Struts/oleos and uplocks and downlocks:
- Construction and operation
- Mechanical systems and linkages:
- Description
Learn about the components and classifications of landing gear assemblies, including fixed and retractable types, and their various arrangements.
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