Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why are aircraft manufactured with conventional gear?
Why are aircraft manufactured with conventional gear?
- For weight savings
- To increase directional control
- To facilitate operations on non-paved runways (correct)
- To enable control with the rudder
What has rendered the tail skid obsolete in aircraft design?
What has rendered the tail skid obsolete in aircraft design?
- The proliferation of hard surface runways (correct)
- The alignment of the main gear and tail gear on the longitudinal axis
- The use of differential braking for directional control
- The incorporation of springs for dampening
How is directional control maintained in aircraft equipped with tail wheel landing gear?
How is directional control maintained in aircraft equipped with tail wheel landing gear?
- By incorporating springs for dampening
- By connecting the tail wheel to the rudder pedals (correct)
- By aligning the main gear and tail gear
- By using outrigger gear under the wings
Which type of landing gear has the main gear and tail gear aligned on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft?
Which type of landing gear has the main gear and tail gear aligned on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft?
What facilitates the use of very flexible wings in aircraft design?
What facilitates the use of very flexible wings in aircraft design?
Which type of aircraft commonly uses tandem landing gear?
Which type of aircraft commonly uses tandem landing gear?
What is the purpose of adding fairings or wheel pants to aircraft landing gear?
What is the purpose of adding fairings or wheel pants to aircraft landing gear?
How do thin cross-section spring steel struts and fairings contribute to landing gear performance?
How do thin cross-section spring steel struts and fairings contribute to landing gear performance?
What advantage do retractable landing gear offer over fixed landing gear during flight?
What advantage do retractable landing gear offer over fixed landing gear during flight?
How is the extension and retraction of most landing gear usually accomplished?
How is the extension and retraction of most landing gear usually accomplished?
What is a common feature of retractable landing gear when fully retracted?
What is a common feature of retractable landing gear when fully retracted?
How can pilots use the parasite drag caused by extended landing gear to their advantage?
How can pilots use the parasite drag caused by extended landing gear to their advantage?
What is typically used in some landing gear shock struts to control the flow of fluid between the bottom and top cylinders?
What is typically used in some landing gear shock struts to control the flow of fluid between the bottom and top cylinders?
Why are shock struts equipped with damping or snubbing devices?
Why are shock struts equipped with damping or snubbing devices?
Where is the valve fitting assembly typically located in a shock strut?
Where is the valve fitting assembly typically located in a shock strut?
What role does the packing gland play in a shock strut?
What role does the packing gland play in a shock strut?
What is the purpose of a recoil valve or recoil tube in a shock strut?
What is the purpose of a recoil valve or recoil tube in a shock strut?
Why are suitable connections provided on all shock strut upper cylinders?
Why are suitable connections provided on all shock strut upper cylinders?
What is the primary purpose of the wiper on the shock strut piston?
What is the primary purpose of the wiper on the shock strut piston?
How does regular cleaning of the exposed portion of the strut piston benefit the packing gland?
How does regular cleaning of the exposed portion of the strut piston benefit the packing gland?
What is the function of torque links or torque arms in most shock struts?
What is the function of torque links or torque arms in most shock struts?
What is the role of a locating cam assembly on nose gear shock struts?
What is the role of a locating cam assembly on nose gear shock struts?
How do torque links help retain the piston in the upper cylinder when the strut is extended?
How do torque links help retain the piston in the upper cylinder when the strut is extended?
Why are locating cams important in preventing structural damage to the aircraft?
Why are locating cams important in preventing structural damage to the aircraft?
What is the correct procedure to release all air from a strut with a valve core (AN2687-1)?
What is the correct procedure to release all air from a strut with a valve core (AN2687-1)?
What is the correct procedure to release all air from a strut without a valve core (MS28889)?
What is the correct procedure to release all air from a strut without a valve core (MS28889)?
What tool should be used to depress the valve core of a strut with AN2687-1 valve core?
What tool should be used to depress the valve core of a strut with AN2687-1 valve core?
In servicing landing gear shock struts, what is illustrated horizontally?
In servicing landing gear shock struts, what is illustrated horizontally?
What is needed for aircraft on jacks to achieve full compression of the strut?
What is needed for aircraft on jacks to achieve full compression of the strut?
Which type of valve fitting does not require removal of the valve core for releasing air from the strut?
Which type of valve fitting does not require removal of the valve core for releasing air from the strut?
Study Notes
Conventional Gear and Landing Gear Design
- Conventional gear is used in aircraft manufacturing due to its simplicity and low production costs
- The tail skid is no longer used in modern aircraft design due to the introduction of tail wheels, which provide better directional control during ground operations
Directional Control and Landing Gear Alignment
- Directional control in aircraft with tail wheel landing gear is maintained by the pilot using the rudder pedals to align the tail wheel with the direction of travel
- Tricycle landing gear has the main gear and tail gear aligned on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, providing better stability and directional control
Flexible Wings and Tandem Landing Gear
- The use of very flexible wings in aircraft design is facilitated by the ability to absorb shock loads and vibrations during flight
- Tandem landing gear is commonly used in aircraft such as bombers and cargo planes, which require a high degree of stability and control during takeoff and landing
Fairings and Wheel Pants
- Fairings or wheel pants are added to aircraft landing gear to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic performance
- Thin cross-section spring steel struts and fairings contribute to landing gear performance by reducing weight and improving strength
Retractable Landing Gear
- Retractable landing gear offers the advantage of reduced drag and improved aerodynamic performance during flight compared to fixed landing gear
- The extension and retraction of most landing gear is usually accomplished through hydraulic or electric systems
- When fully retracted, retractable landing gear is typically hidden from view, reducing drag and improving aerodynamics
Parasite Drag and Pilot Advantage
- Pilots can use the parasite drag caused by extended landing gear to their advantage by increasing lift and improving climb performance during takeoff
- However, extended landing gear also increases drag, which can negatively impact cruise performance
Shock Struts and Landing Gear Performance
- Shock struts in landing gear are filled with fluid, and the flow of fluid between the bottom and top cylinders is controlled by orifices or valves
- Damping or snubbing devices are equipped in shock struts to improve landing gear performance by reducing oscillations and vibrations
- The valve fitting assembly is typically located at the top of the shock strut, and the packing gland plays a crucial role in preventing fluid leakage
- The recoil valve or recoil tube in a shock strut allows for the controlled release of fluid during compression and extension
- Suitable connections are provided on all shock strut upper cylinders to facilitate maintenance and servicing
- The wiper on the shock strut piston helps to clean the exposed portion of the strut, which benefits the packing gland
- Regular cleaning of the exposed portion of the strut piston helps to prevent wear and tear on the packing gland
Torque Links and Locating Cams
- Torque links or torque arms in most shock struts help to retain the piston in the upper cylinder when the strut is extended, reducing the risk of damage or failure
- Locating cam assemblies on nose gear shock struts play a crucial role in preventing structural damage to the aircraft by aligning the piston with the cylinder during compression
- Torque links help to retain the piston in the upper cylinder when the strut is extended, reducing the risk of damage or failure
- Locating cams are important in preventing structural damage to the aircraft by aligning the piston with the cylinder during compression
Servicing Landing Gear Shock Struts
- To release all air from a strut with a valve core (AN2687-1), the valve core must be depressed and the air released slowly
- To release all air from a strut without a valve core (MS28889), the strut must be slowly extended while checking for air release
- A special tool should be used to depress the valve core of a strut with AN2687-1 valve core
- In servicing landing gear shock struts, the strut is typically illustrated horizontally to facilitate maintenance and servicing
- Aircraft on jacks require full compression of the strut to achieve proper servicing and maintenance
- MS28889 valve fittings do not require removal of the valve core for releasing air from the strut
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Description
Learn about the use of internal metering tubes and damping devices in aircraft landing gear shock struts to control fluid flow and prevent sharp impacts. Understand how recoil valves and recoil tubes help improve the performance and longevity of the landing gear.