Aircraft Hardware Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of aircraft hardware?

  • To assist in the communication systems of the aircraft
  • To provide aesthetic value to the aircraft
  • To enhance fuel efficiency
  • To hold various aircraft parts together securely (correct)

Which of the following specifications is NOT typically used for identifying aircraft threaded fasteners?

  • NAS (National Aircraft Standard)
  • ISO (International Standards Organization) (correct)
  • AN (Air Force-Navy)
  • MS (Military Standard)

In what situations would bolts typically be preferred over screws in aircraft assembly?

  • In applications with high vibration
  • When parts must be assembled quickly without tools
  • Where extreme tensile strength is required (correct)
  • When aesthetically pleasing fasteners are needed

What are the characteristics of rivets as fastening devices in aircraft?

<p>They become weaker with age when used regularly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the selection and use of aircraft hardware critical?

<p>It directly influences the aircraft's safety and efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fastening method is typically least suitable for parts that require frequent servicing?

<p>Welding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common identifier for quick-release fasteners used in aircraft?

<p>Factory trade names (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes bolts from screws in aircraft applications?

<p>Bolts provide greater strength than screws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between the threaded ends of bolts and screws?

<p>Bolts have blunt ends while screws can have pointed or blunt ends. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are external threads designated in ISO metric screw threads?

<p>By lowercase letters g or h (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a bolt typically tightened in an assembly?

<p>By turning the nut on the bolt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might it be necessary to replace an aircraft fastener?

<p>When a duplicate of the original fastener is unavailable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following standards specifies a shorter list of thread dimensions for ISO metric screw threads?

<p>ISO 262 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material are aircraft bolts NOT typically fabricated from?

<p>Plastic composites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the grip length of a bolt?

<p>A long unthreaded portion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the letter 'S' stamped on the head of an aircraft bolt?

<p>Identifies special bolts for specific applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the threaded end of a screw?

<p>It can fit directly into the material being secured. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which thread series specifies 14 threads per inch on a 1-inch diameter fastener?

<p>NF thread series (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aircraft bolt types are available in internal wrenching style?

<p>AN, NAS, and MS bolts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the screw's threaded section compared to a bolt's?

<p>Screws have a longer threaded section and may have no clearly defined grip length. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is NOT identified for classifying aircraft bolts?

<p>Expected lifespan of the bolt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a head style of AN bolts used in aircraft structures?

<p>Countersunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates American National thread series from the American Standard Unified thread series?

<p>The number of threads per inch specification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using like bolts in replacement within aircraft?

<p>Strength and dimensional consistency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the '3' in the bolt part number AN3DD5A indicate?

<p>The diameter in sixteenths of an inch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which marking indicates the bolt is made of corrosion resistant steel?

<p>Single raised dash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the letters 'DD' in the bolt part number AN3DD5A signify?

<p>The material is 2024 aluminum alloy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bolt is indicated by a part number starting with 'AN'?

<p>Standard Air Force-Navy bolt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are close tolerance NAS bolts marked?

<p>With a recessed triangle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which letter in a bolt part number indicates the shank is undrilled?

<p>A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a bolt is cadmium plated?

<p>Absence of letters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials are aircraft nuts commonly made from?

<p>Cadmium plated carbon steel and stainless steel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes self-locking nuts from non-self-locking nuts?

<p>Self-locking nuts contain an integral locking feature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nut is designed specifically for use with drilled shank bolts?

<p>Castle nut (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nuts can withstand large tensional loads?

<p>Castle nut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature is common in non-self-locking nuts to ensure safety?

<p>Cotter pin or safety wire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the light hex nut limited in use on aircraft structures?

<p>It requires an auxiliary locking device. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the castellated shear nut from the castle nut?

<p>Its castellations are not as deep as those in the castle nut. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nut is lighter and used for miscellaneous light tension requirements?

<p>Light hex nut (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-self-locking nut?

<p>Self-locking nut (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the plain checknut, AN316?

<p>To secure plain nuts and threaded rod ends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario should self-locking nuts not be used?

<p>At joints subject to rotation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of self-locking nut is designed specifically to withstand severe vibrations?

<p>Boots self-locking nut (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials are represented in the three typical kinds of self-locking nuts considered in the handbook?

<p>All-metal, stainless steel, and nylon insert (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are self-locking nuts commonly used for in aircraft applications?

<p>Attachment of antifriction bearings and exhaust stacks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which self-locking nut type is representative of the nylon insert category?

<p>Elastic stop nut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be ensured when attaching plates to a structure in aircraft?

<p>Positive attachment to prevent rotation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of self-locking nuts in terms of safety features?

<p>They integrate a safety feature in their design (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aircraft Hardware

Items used in building and repairing aircraft, including fasteners and small parts.

Aircraft Hardware Identification

The method used to identify aircraft hardware items, often using numbers or trade names.

Bolt

A fastener with a threaded shaft that is secured by a nut, typically used for greater strength.

Screw

A fastener similar to a bolt, but typically used when strength is less critical.

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British Screw Threads

A system of classifying threads based on their size and shape, common in the UK and parts of the Commonwealth.

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Metric Screw Threads

A system of classifying threads based on their size and shape, widely used internationally.

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Aircraft Nut

A threaded piece used with a bolt to secure the fastener, often made of metal.

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Rivet

A fastener used to permanently join two pieces of material, often made of metal.

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ISO Metric Screw Threads

A standard system for specifying screw threads used in many applications.

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ISO Metric Thread Designation

External threads are designated by lowercase letters (g or h), while internal threads are designated by uppercase letters (G or H).

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Aircraft Bolt Materials

Aircraft bolts are made from corrosion-resistant materials like cadmium- or zinc-plated steel, un-plated steel, or anodized aluminum.

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Types of Aircraft Bolts

The most common types of aircraft bolts are general purpose, AN, NAS, and MS bolts.

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Special Aircraft Bolts

Special bolts may have different dimensions or strengths and are often marked with an 'S' on the head.

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AN Bolt Head Styles

AN bolts come in three head styles: hex head, clevis, and eyebolt.

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NAS Bolt Head Styles

NAS bolts are available in three head styles: hex head, internal wrenching, and countersunk head.

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MS Bolt Head Styles

MS bolts come in two head styles: hex head and internal wrenching.

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Grip Length

The length of the bolt or screw between the head and the start of the threaded section.

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Thread

A threaded section on a bolt or screw, defined by the number of thread rotations per inch of diameter.

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NC (American National Coarse) Thread Series

A standard for defining the size and pitch (number of threads per inch) of aircraft fasteners.

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NF (American National Fine) Thread Series

A standard for defining the size and pitch (number of threads per inch) of aircraft fasteners, known for a finer thread spacing than the NC series.

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UNC (American Standard Unified Coarse) Thread Series

A standard for defining the size and pitch (number of threads per inch) of aircraft fasteners, similar to NC but with a slightly different thread form.

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UNF (American Standard Unified Fine) Thread Series

A standard for defining the size and pitch (number of threads per inch) of aircraft fasteners, similar to NF but with a slightly different thread form.

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Markings on aircraft bolts

The markings generally indicate the bolt manufacturer, the material used for the bolt, and whether it's a standard AN type or a special purpose bolt.

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Identifying markings on AN standard bolts

A raised "X" or asterisk indicates standard steel, a single raised dash indicates corrosion-resistant steel, and two raised dashes represent AN aluminum alloy.

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What does "AN" stand for in a bolt part number?

The "AN" prefix designates an Air Force-Navy Standard bolt.

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What does the "3" represent in the bolt part number AN3DD5A?

The number "3" indicates a bolt diameter of 3/16 of an inch.

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What does "DD" or "D" signify in a bolt part number?

The "DD" indicates the bolt material is 2024 aluminum alloy. "D" alone represents 2017 aluminum alloy.

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What does "C" or "-" indicate in a bolt part number?

The "C" indicates corrosion-resistant steel, while the absence of letters ("-") signifies cadmium plated steel.

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What does the "5" represent in the bolt part number AN3DD5A?

The number "5" represents a length of 5/8 of an inch.

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What does "A" or "H" indicate in a bolt part number?

The "A" signifies an undrilled shank. If "H" precedes the length and "A" follows it, the head is drilled for safetying.

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What are the two main types of aircraft nuts?

Aircraft nuts can be divided into two main groups: non-self-locking and self-locking nuts.

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How do non-self-locking nuts stay in place?

Non-self-locking nuts require external locking devices like cotter pins, safety wire, or locknuts to prevent them from loosening.

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What makes a self-locking nut different?

Self-locking nuts incorporate a locking feature within their design, eliminating the need for external locking mechanisms.

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What is a Castle nut and what is it used for?

The Castle nut (AN310) is designed for use with drilled shank bolts, clevis bolts, eyebolts, or studs. Its slots allow for safetying with a cotter pin or lockwire.

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Describe the Castellated shear nut and its purpose.

The Castellated shear nut (AN320) is designed for situations where primarily shearing stress is applied, like with clevis bolts and taper pins. It has castellations for safetying and is not as deep or strong as a Castle nut.

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What are the characteristics of a Plain hex nut?

The Plain hex nut (AN315, AN335) is strong and suitable for high tension loads, but requires additional locking like checknuts or lockwashers.

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Explain the Light hex nut and its use.

The Light hex nut (AN340, AN345) is lighter than the Plain hex nut and also requires auxiliary locking devices. It's used for lighter tension applications.

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What is a Plain checknut and how does it function?

The Plain checknut (AN325) is a thin nut with an angled top that provides a lock when used in combination with another nut.

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Self-Locking Nut

A type of nut specifically designed to prevent loosening due to vibrations. These nuts have a self-locking mechanism that keeps them securely in place.

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Self-Locking Nut Applications

A common type of nut used in aircraft applications, particularly for fastening anti-friction bearings, control pulleys, and other equipment.

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Boots Self-Locking Nut

A one-piece nut made entirely of metal, designed to withstand severe vibrations and maintain a tight grip.

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Self-Locking Nut and Aircraft Certification

These nuts are generally considered acceptable for use on aircraft, but their use is subject to manufacturer guidelines and limitations. They generally ensure secure connections.

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Nylon Lock Self-Locking Nut

This type of nut typically relies on a nylon insert to create a friction-based locking mechanism. It provides a reliable method for preventing loosening.

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Elastic Stop Nut

A type of nut commonly used in aviation, known for its reliable self-locking feature to prevent loosening due to vibrations. This nut is a common choice for securing items exposed to rigorous conditions.

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Plain Nuts in Aircraft

Basic nuts used in aircraft that require an additional locking mechanism, like a plain checknut, to secure them in place.

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Wing Nuts

Commonly used in aircraft where frequent assembly and disassembly is required, often for components like covers or panels. They allow for easy removal and reattachment with fingers.

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Study Notes

Learning Objectives - Week 2 Day 5

  • The learning objectives for week 2 day 5 focus on aircraft hardware, fasteners, and their identification, classifications, and coding.

Aircraft Hardware

  • Aircraft hardware refers to various fasteners and small items essential for aircraft manufacture and repair.
  • Effective aircraft operation is highly reliant on proper selection and utilization of aircraft hardware.

Methods of Joining Metal Parts

  • Common methods include riveting, bolting, brazing, and welding.
  • The chosen method must create a strong bond as robust as the constituent parts.

Aircraft Hardware Identification

  • Most aircraft components are identified using specification numbers or trade names.
  • Threaded fasteners and rivets are commonly identified by AN (Air Force-Navy), NAS (National Aircraft Standard), or MS (Military Standard) numbers.
  • Quick-release fasteners are often identified by their factory trade names and size designations (e.g., Dzus, Camloc, Airloc).

Threaded Fasteners

  • Threaded fasteners (like bolts and screws) enable quick disassembly and replacement of maintenance-critical parts.
  • Riveting and welding parts regularly can weaken the joint.
  • Bolts are generally used where high strength is prioritized; screws are chosen when strength isn't paramount.
  • Bolts and screws both include a head and threading at one end.
  • Bolts are always blunt-ended, in contrast with screws which can be blunt or pointed.

Thread Classification

  • Aircraft fasteners frequently use NC (American National Coarse), NF (American National Fine), UNC (American Standard Unified Coarse), and UNF (American Standard Unified Fine) thread types.
  • Thread specifications define the number of threads per inch (e.g., 1-14 NF, 1-12 UNF) and are crucial for proper assembly.
  • Threads are also designated by class, which indicates the permitted tolerance in manufacturing (e.g., Class 1 is loose, Class 4 is close).
  • Aircraft bolts are most often manufactured to a medium fit, Class 3.

British Association (BA) Screw Threads

  • BA threads are an outdated standard used for miniature instruments or models.
  • Their design was metric-based and aimed to anticipate worldwide metrication.
  • The British Standards Institution (BSI) recommends BA sizes over BSW and BSF screws for small items.

ISO Metric Screw Threads

  • ISO metric screw threads are the prevalent standard globally.
  • ISO metric screws include a variety of major and minor diameter and pitch specifications.
  • External threads are denoted with lowercase letters, while internal threads are represented by uppercase letters.

Aircraft Bolts

  • Aircraft bolts are commonly manufactured from steel, sometimes plated with cadmium or zinc for corrosion resistance, or from aluminum alloys, often anodized to better prevent corrosion.
  • Bolts are categorized into general-purpose, AN, NAS, or MS bolts depending on specific application needs or additional strength requirements.
  • Identification markings on bolt heads can denote manufacturer, material, and whether it's standard or a special bolt.

Aircraft Nuts

  • Aircraft nuts are produced in varied shapes and sizes.
  • Often made from cadmium-plated carbon steel, stainless steel, or anodized aluminum alloys.
  • Nuts are typically categorized as either non-self-locking or self-locking based on their locking mechanism:
  • Non-self-locking nuts usually require additional locking devices (like safety wire or cotter pins).
  • Self-locking nuts incorporate a built-in locking system.
  • Different nut types include:
  • Castle nuts (AN310, AN320) used with threaded joints.
  • Plain hex nuts and light hex nuts (AN315, AN335, AN340, AN345) often used for various tasks.
  • Wing nuts (AN350) which are easily tightened and loosened by hand.
  • Elastic stop nuts which have a nylon collar to prevent loosening.
  • Boots self-locking nuts.

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FANSHEW Aircraft Hardware Learning Objectives PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of aircraft hardware specifications and applications with this quiz. Covering topics such as the functions of different fasteners and their best use cases in aircraft assembly, this quiz is perfect for students and professionals in the aviation field.

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