GTS Mod 9 Specific
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What kind of warning is typically given to aircrew once a fire has been detected in an aircraft?

  • Flashing lights
  • Sirens
  • Voice alerts (correct)
  • Whistles

    • Why is it important for fire detection systems to be durable and resistant to environmental factors?

  • To withstand harsh operating conditions (correct)
  • To be easy to clean
  • To save on maintenance costs
  • To look impressive to passengers

    • What design feature ensures that a fire detection system can be easily tested for integrity?

  • An accurate and effective testing method (correct)
  • Use of color-changing LEDs
  • Inclusion of voice activation
  • Integration with the aircraft's fuel system

    • Which type of fire zones have large quantities of air flowing over regular arrangements of similarly shaped obstructions?

    <p>Class A fire zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for a fire detection system to accurately indicate when a fire has been extinguished?

    <p>To inform the aircrew to cease emergency procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of detector circuitry does the text mention should be used in a fire detection system?

    <p>Battery operated circuits using minimal electrical current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the temperature rises to a predetermined level on any of the thermal switches in the fire detection system?

    <p>The contacts on the thermal switch will close.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the fire detection system, what is the role of the test circuit?

    <p>It tests for continuity of the loop and integrity of the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are all thermal switches in the fire detection system connected in parallel with each other?

    <p>To ensure that each switch operates independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the fire loop around the thermal detectors is broken?

    <p>The system will still operate normally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the fire warning light get its power supply in the event of a fire condition?

    <p>Through energizing the test relay in the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken by the flight crew if they need to check for continuity of the loop and integrity of the whole system in the aircraft?

    <p>Energize the test relay included in the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fire detection, warning, and protection systems in modern aircraft?

    <p>To detect, warn, and protect against fires on the aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for detecting potential fires in the Thermal Switch Fire Detection System?

    <p>Temperature switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of an emergency, which system is activated by the Systron-Donner Pressure Sensor Responder System?

    <p>Fire extinguisher activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of system is the Continuous Loop System specifically designed for?

    <p>Detecting fire and smoke in cargo compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is initiated by an Inertia Switch during aircraft emergencies?

    <p>Crash switch system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Pilot Operated systems in the context of fire detection and protection?

    <p>Engaging automatic fire extinguishing systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component plays a crucial role in activating Fire Extinguisher Cylinders?

    <p>Plumbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What federal legislation describes the Civil Aviation Safety Authority's role in enforcing regulations?

    <p>The Civil Aviation Act (1988)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legislation details the requirements for aircraft fire detection and protection systems according to CASA?

    <p>Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act legislated the Montreal Protocol into Australian law to address the depleting ozone layer?

    <p>Ozone Protection Act (1989)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legislation confirmed the depleting ozone layer, leading to global concern and the Montreal Protocol?

    <p>Montreal Protocol on Substances Which Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legislation is specifically mentioned in relation to the concern for the depleting ozone layer displayed by global entities?

    <p>Ozone Protection Act (1989)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Act forms the basis of the regulations and describes CASA’s role in enforcing the regulations.' Which legislation is being referred to in this statement?

    <p>'The Civil Aviation Act (1988)'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the State and Territory Acts in relation to Halon 1211 and 1301?

    <p>Accrediting personnel handling Halon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the legislation, what is a key requirement for personnel handling Halon 1211 and 1301?

    <p>Receiving accreditation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mandated by the State and Territory Acts concerning the management of Halon 1211 and 1301?

    <p>Accreditation for personnel in contact with Halon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action does the State and Territory legislation NOT directly address regarding Halon management?

    <p>Regular maintenance of fire extinguishers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key regulatory aspect of the State and Territory Acts related to Halon 1211 and 1301?

    <p>Requiring accreditation for personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT typically covered by the State and Territory legislation concerning Halon management?

    <p>Monitoring the temperature levels in fire detectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes federal legislation from state legislation in this context?

    <p>Scope of application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components make up the typical layout of a fire detection and protection system?

    <p>Detectors, fire warning indicators, emergency controls, and fire extinguisher cylinders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the fire warning indicators in a fire detection and protection system?

    <p>To alert the aircrew with a horn and fire warning light in the cockpit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can aircrew react once a fire or overheat condition is detected in an aircraft?

    <p>By using the emergency controls to shut down the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having plumbing in a fire detection and protection system?

    <p>To ensure proper distribution of fire suppression agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to fire zones, where are the fire detectors typically located?

    <p>In the fire zones as required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fire zone has a relatively small amount of airflow according to the text?

    <p>Class C fire zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of engine compartment is an example of a Class B fire zone?

    <p>Engine accessory compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of zone may the extinguishant be carried out into the airstream before extinguishing the fire?

    <p>Class A fire zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for an area to be considered a Class B fire zone?

    <p>Large quantities of airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What design feature ensures that a fire detection system can be easily tested for integrity?

    <p>Test circuit in the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the fire loop around the thermal detectors is broken in an aircraft?

    <p>The fire detection system becomes ineffective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are all thermal switches in the fire detection system connected in parallel with each other?

    <p>To ensure redundancy and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Continuous Loop System in an aircraft?

    <p>To detect fires in specific zones of the aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistance of the thermistor material when exposed to high temperature?

    <p>It falls rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates a fire warning in the context of the Systron-Donner Pressure Sensor Responder System?

    <p>Increase in resistance of the thermistor material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released when the temperature exceeds a set level in the Systron-Donner Sensor?

    <p>Hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the sensor responder system, what does the metallic gas-absorption core material hold?

    <p>Hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is used to pressurize the area between the inert metal tape and outer tubing in the Systron-Donner Sensor?

    <p>Helium gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of detectors are used on aircraft to signal the presence of fire, overheating, smoke, or toxic gas?

    <p>Thermocouple detectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material expands when heated in a thermal switch, causing the electrical contacts to close?

    <p>Alloy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the detectors listed once they have been activated and corrective action has been taken?

    <p>They reset automatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause the detectors listed to become unserviceable?

    <p>Incorrect handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a thermal switch, what is responsible for closing the electrical contacts when heated?

    <p>Heat-sensitive expansion tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the thermal switches in a fire detection system connected in parallel with each other?

    <p>To ensure redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause the detectors listed to become unserviceable?

    <p>Incorrect handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken by the flight crew if they need to check for continuity of the loop and integrity of the whole system in the aircraft?

    <p>Press HRD button/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the spring-bow assembly when pressure within the tube is reduced?

    <p>The contacts come together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the amount of current flowing in a thermocouple loop?

    <p>The type of metals used, temperature difference, and resistance of the wiring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the contacts in the spring-bow assembly when heat is applied?

    <p>They separate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that the smoke detector system is operating according to the text?

    <p>A small green indicator light above the observation window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do heat detectors differ from fire detectors based on the text?

    <p>Heat detectors sense a smaller rise in temperature than fire detectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of detector works when there is no smoke in the air according to the text?

    <p>Smoke detector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a light beam shining on smoke cause in the aircraft's smoke detector system?

    <p>Illumination via the observation window of the indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition will a heat detector indicate an overheat condition compared to a fire detector?

    <p>When a smaller rise in temperature occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the emergency shutdown handle in an aircraft's engine?

    <p>Activate the emergency fuel shut off valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the emergency shutdown handles typically located in an aircraft?

    <p>At the aircrew seating position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual indicator on the emergency shutdown handle alerts the pilot to an overheat condition?

    <p>Flashing lights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cam operated emergency shutdown micro switches in the emergency shutdown control system?

    <p>Connect with the fire detectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having two emergency shutdown relays in the emergency shutdown control system?

    <p>Provide redundancy in case of failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does pulling the fire handle inside the cockpit indicate?

    <p>Indicate that a fire has been detected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the two Cam Operated Emergency Shutdown Micro Switches?

    <p>To control the electrical functions in the event of an emergency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are there two emergency shutdown switches for each engine?

    <p>To provide a backup system in case of circuit failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the emergency shutdown micro switches and relays being redundant circuits?

    <p>It ensures that either switch can cause necessary shutdown actions to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the energizing of the emergency shutdown relays in the Turbo Propeller?

    <p>The emergency shutdown micro switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of a component failure within one of the circuits, what ensures system functionality?

    <p>Redundant circuit design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cams on the emergency shutdown handle?

    <p>To control the electrical functions during an emergency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the fire warning lights usually located in an aircraft cockpit?

    <p>On the vertical instrument panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the fire warning lights typically operated in aircraft?

    <p>By pulling a handle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of engine emergency controls in an aircraft?

    <p>To provide single-control engine shutdown capability in emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pulling the fire warning light handle or pressing the light in an aircraft?

    <p>Closing fuel and fluid shut off valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional feature is commonly included with fire warning indicators in aircraft?

    <p>Audible alarm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the contacts within the fire warning light operate in response to pressing the light or pulling a handle?

    <p>&quot;Circuitry is completed&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the fire loop around the detectors is broken in a fire detection system?

    <p>The system will still operate due to a safety feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the test circuit included in the fire detection system for aircraft?

    <p>To enable the flight crew to test for continuity of the loop and system integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the test relay is energized in a fire detection system?

    <p>An earth is supplied to the fire warning light via the fire loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the safety feature in a fire detection system?

    <p>To ensure system operation even if the fire loop around detectors is broken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do warning lights, bells, buzzers, or voice alerts play in a fire detection system?

    <p>Provide visual and audible alerts to aircrew</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for aircraft fire detection systems to have battery-operated detector circuitry using minimal electrical current?

    <p>To ensure continuous operation in case of power failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables the detector to return to the ready state after sensing a condition and corrective action?

    <p>Resetting mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component in a fire detection system consists of two electrical contacts mounted on a spring-bow assembly?

    <p>Thermal switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gas is typically used to propel the extinguishant in fire extinguisher cylinders in modern aircraft?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a thermal pressure relief valve or fuse located on each fire extinguisher cylinder?

    <p>To enable gas discharge before reaching design pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are fire extinguisher cylinders in modern aircraft usually shaped?

    <p>Spherical or cylindrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component enables the discharge of the fire-extinguishant into the area of the fire in aircraft?

    <p>Blow-out disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of testing are fire extinguisher cylinders subjected to, according to manufacturers' requirements?

    <p>Hydraulic pressure testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of valve is typically located on each fire extinguisher cylinder to prevent overpressure?

    <p>Relief valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the fire extinguisher activated?

    <p>By an electrical charge to the discharge head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the brittle disc in the fire extinguisher?

    <p>To contain the pressurized gas and extinguishant within the bottle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the inertia switch play in activating the fire extinguisher?

    <p>It is activated by a crash landing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the crash switch in an aircraft is activated?

    <p>The electrical circuit activates the fire extinguisher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the HRD button in the cockpit of an aircraft?

    <p>Activating the fire extinguisher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component prevents disk particles from entering the extinguisher deployment lines?

    <p>A gauze strainer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the electrical circuit that leads to activating the fire extinguisher?

    <p>The crash involving the belly area of the aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specifically ruptures to activate the fire extinguisher in case of a thermal switch operation?

    <p>Disc in the neck of the fire extinguisher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fire Detection Systems

    • Fire detection systems installed on aircraft must meet specific requirements to ensure safe operation in emergencies.
    • The systems must:
      • Be durable and resistant to environmental factors
      • Include an accurate and effective testing method
      • Be easy to inspect, remove, and install
      • Indicate accurately at all times
      • Indicate when a fire has been extinguished
      • Indicate if a fire re-ignites
      • Use battery-operated detector circuitry with minimal electrical current

    Fire Zones

    • Fire zones are classified based on airflow volume and turbulence.
    • Class A fire zones:
      • Have large quantities of air flowing over regular arrangements of similarly shaped obstructions.
      • Examples: power plant area, turbine engine compartments with aerodynamically clean surfaces and fireproof liner.
    • Class B fire zones:
      • Have large quantities of air flowing past aerodynamically clean obstructions.
      • Examples: heat exchanger ducts, exhaust manifold shrouds, smooth cowling surfaces with adequate drainage.
    • Class C fire zones:
      • Have a relatively small amount of airflow.
      • Examples: engine accessory compartments, auxiliary power unit compartments.

    Legislation Requirements

    • Federal Legislation:
      • Civil Aviation Act (1988)
      • Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR)
      • Ozone Protection Act (1989)
    • State Legislation:
      • Regulates management and control of Halon 1211 and 1301
      • Requires licensing, exemptions, or registration for personnel handling Halon

    Typical System Layout

    • Consists of:
      • Detectors
      • Fire warning indicators
      • Emergency controls
      • Fire extinguisher cylinders
      • Plumbing
    • Fire detectors are located in fire zones as required
    • Fire warning indicators include a horn and overheat/fire warning light in the cockpit### Gas Turbine Engine Systems
    • Modern aircraft have fire detection, warning, and protection systems installed.

    Fire Detection System Requirements

    • Fire detection systems consist of detectors, sensors, and responders.
    • Systems are installed in locations where there is a high possibility of fire, overheating, smoke, or toxic gas.

    Fire Zones

    • Fire zones are areas where fire detection systems are installed.

    Legislation Requirements

    • Federal and state legislations govern fire detection and protection systems.

    Typical System Layout

    • Systems include detectors, sensors, responders, and fire extinguisher cylinders.
    • Plumbing connects the cylinders to the engine.

    Detectors

    • Types of detectors:
      • Thermal switch
      • Thermocouple
      • Infra-red
      • Smoke
      • Heat
      • Toxic gas
    • Detectors automatically reset after activation.

    Thermal Switch Fire Detection System

    • Thermal switch consists of two electrical contacts mounted on a spring-bow assembly.
    • The bow is anchored to an expansion tube made from heat-sensitive alloy.
    • When the tube expands due to heat, the contacts close, and a fire warning is initiated.

    Thermocouple Fire Detection System

    • Thermocouple generates a small electrical current when there is a temperature difference between the junctions.
    • The current flow is determined by the type of metals used, temperature difference, and resistance of the wiring.

    Systron-Donner Pressure Sensor Responder System

    • Consists of a sensor and responder.
    • Sensor contains a metallic gas-absorption core material wrapped in an inert metal tape.
    • Hydrogen gas is released when the temperature exceeds a set point and re-absorbed when the temperature reduces.
    • Responder unit contains pressure switches that trigger an alarm when the helium gas pressure increases.

    Infra-Red Detectors

    • Use a photoconductive cell to detect fires.
    • Can scan a defined area, reducing the number of detectors required.
    • Method of raising an alarm is identical to traditional detectors.

    Smoke Detectors

    • Used in freight holds, baggage compartments, toilet areas, and equipment bays.
    • Types of detection systems:
      • Light refraction
      • Light detection
    • Air is continually sampled, and a change in current flow triggers a warning indication.

    Fire Extinguisher Cylinders

    • Connected to the engine through plumbing.
    • Fire extinguishant is discharged by pressing the HRD button.

    Fire Detection and Protection Systems

    • Thermal switch fire detection system
    • Thermocouple fire detection system
    • Continuous loop system
    • Systron-Donner pressure sensor responder system
    • Inertial switch
    • Crash switch
    • Pilot-operated
    • Self-check your topic knowledge### Fire Detection and Protection Systems
    • Fire detection systems are used to detect an overheat or fire condition in an aircraft.
    • The system consists of sensing devices, detectors, and warning indicators to alert the aircrew of a potential fire.

    Thermal Switch

    • A thermal switch is a type of detector that consists of two electrical contacts mounted on a spring-bow assembly.
    • The bow is anchored to an expansion tube at one end and the base of the detector at the other.
    • When the expansion tube is heated, it expands, causing the spring-bow to compress, which brings the contacts together, completing the electrical circuit.

    Thermocouple

    • A thermocouple is a temperature-sensing device that generates a small electrical current.
    • It consists of two dissimilar metal wires joined to form a loop.
    • The amount of current flowing in the loop is determined by the types of metals used, the temperature difference between the junctions, and the resistance of the wiring.

    Responder

    • The responder contains two identical pressure switches.
    • The responder alarm switch is normally open and closes only when gas pressure in the sensor tube increases due to an overheat or fire condition.
    • The integrity switch is held closed by the normal helium gas pressure in the sensor tube and will only open if the sensor is damaged.

    Infra-red Detectors

    • Infra-red detectors are used to detect fires in modern aircraft.
    • They use a photoconductive cell to sight the fire using an electronic beam.
    • The beam allows a defined area to be scanned, minimizing the number of detectors used.

    Smoke Detectors

    • Smoke detectors are used to detect smoke in aircraft.
    • They operate by continuously sampling air and detecting any smoke present.
    • When smoke is detected, the system triggers a warning indication.

    Heat Detectors

    • Heat detectors are used to detect overheat conditions in aircraft.
    • They operate on the same principle as fire detectors but are set to detect lower temperatures.
    • Heat detectors are generally more sensitive to slight changes in temperature than fire detectors.

    Toxic Gas Detectors

    • Toxic gas detectors are used to detect toxic gases such as carbon monoxide in aircraft.
    • They are usually installed in cabins where the presence of gas would affect the flight crew and passengers.

    Emergency Shutdown Handles

    • Emergency shutdown handles are used to shut down the engine in case of an emergency.
    • They are located in the cockpit and are painted with black and yellow stripes or have warning lights.
    • When an overheat condition is detected, the lights will flash inside the handle to draw the pilot's attention.

    Emergency Shutdown Relays

    • Emergency shutdown relays are used to control the electrical functions of the engine shutdown system.
    • There are two relays for each engine, which are redundant circuits to ensure that the system operates even if one relay fails.

    Fire Warning Indicators

    • Fire warning indicators are used to alert the aircrew of a potential fire.
    • They are located in the cockpit and are usually in the shape of a light or handle.
    • When the indicator is activated, it will illuminate and trigger an audible alarm.

    Fire Zones

    • Fire zones are designated areas of the aircraft where a fire is likely to occur.
    • Class A fire zones have large quantities of air flowing over regular arrangements of similarly shaped obstructions.
    • The type of detection and extinguishing system used depends on the fire zone classification.

    Fire Extinguisher Cylinders

    • Fire extinguisher cylinders are used to store the extinguishing agent.
    • They are usually spherical or cylindrical in shape and are hydrostatically pressure tested.
    • The cylinders are designed to operate at high pressures and temperatures.

    Thermal Pressure Relief

    • Thermal pressure relief valves or fuses are used to prevent over-pressurization of the fire extinguisher cylinders.
    • They are located on each cylinder and enable the gas to discharge before the bottle reaches its maximum design pressure rating.

    Pilot Operated System

    • The pilot can activate the fire extinguisher manually by depressing the HRD button in the cockpit.
    • The button produces an electrical impulse, which fires the cartridge/squib, rupturing the disc in the neck of the fire extinguisher.

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    Description

    Explore the various fire detection systems used in aircraft, including how different fire zones are designated based on airflow volume and turbulence. Learn about the visual and audible warnings given to aircrew upon detecting a fire.

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