CH 1 SUM: The Atmosphere

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Questions and Answers

What poses a significant threat, with an estimated 12 million hectares of land degrading into desert annually?

  • Climate change (correct)
  • Overfishing
  • Nuclear energy
  • Urbanization

Which factor contributes to desertification indirectly?

  • Inadequate knowledge (correct)
  • Conservation efforts
  • Sustainable agricultural practices
  • Effective policies

How does desertification impact economies globally?

  • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions
  • Threatens food security (correct)
  • Strengthens economies
  • Increases fresh water reserves

What is essential for effective desertification prevention according to the text?

<p>Awareness, funding, and coordinated efforts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect remains challenging and expensive according to the text?

<p>Rehabilitation of degraded lands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do educators focus on when crafting quiz questions based on the text?

<p>Environmental science definitions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the emphasis on sustainable management strategies important according to the text?

<p>To examine human-environment interactions critically (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does desertification impact biodiversity globally?

<p>Contributes to biodiversity loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the global air circulation patterns described in the text?

<p>Unequal heating of Earth's atmosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period do the equinoxes occur?

<p>Spring and Autumn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the movement of heat from the tropics towards the poles in oceanic circulation?

<p>Coriolis effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) located?

<p>Between 10° N and 10° S (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the subtropical high-pressure zone?

<p>Hot, dry air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily contributes to the movement of heat in atmospheric circulation?

<p>Differences in air pressure and temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of deep ocean currents in transferring heat globally?

<p>Aiding in transferring heat driven by water density differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes seasonal variations in insolation on Earth according to the text?

<p>Tilt of Earth's axis relative to its orbit around the Sun (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Polar High Pressure Zone?

<p>Cold, dry conditions with limited precipitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driving force behind wind according to the text?

<p>Pressure Gradient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Hadley Cell located geographically?

<p>At the equator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes wind to deflect right in the Northern Hemisphere?

<p>Coriolis Force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Monsoon Winds?

<p>Seasonal reversals in wind direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which force leads to winds flowing parallel to isobars at high altitudes?

<p>Geostrophic Wind (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does subsidence contribute to dry seasons in certain African regions?

<p>By descending air that warms and dries, leading to extended dry periods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of the Subpolar Low Pressure Zone?

<p>'Cold, wet conditions' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes drylands?

<p>Scarce water resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ocean currents contribute to dry conditions in the Namib Desert?

<p>Benguela and Canary currents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between El Niño and La Niña events?

<p>La Niña causes drought, El Niño causes heavy rainfall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does desertification primarily result from?

<p>Human activities and climatic changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are droughts categorized based on their impacts?

<p>Meteorological, Agricultural, Hydrological, Socio-economic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do isobars on synoptic weather maps represent?

<p>Atmospheric pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region in Africa experiences the highest frequency of droughts?

<p>Sahel region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do regions near the equator experience warmer temperatures compared to regions near the poles?

<p>Due to the Sun's rays hitting the surface more directly at the equator. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the angle at which the Sun's rays strike different parts of the planet influence the Earth's energy balance?

<p>It leads to unequal heating, creating various climate zones and circulation patterns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do regions near the poles have cooler temperatures compared to regions near the equator?

<p>Sun's rays strike the Earth at a more oblique angle at higher latitudes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for ice and snow in polar regions reflecting solar radiation back into space?

<p>To reduce overall global warming. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Earth's surface contribute to atmospheric heating?

<p>By absorbing high energy from the Sun and re-radiating it as infrared energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences insolation significantly with latitude?

<p>The angle at which the Sun's rays reach different latitudes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do oceanic circulation patterns play in transporting heat across the globe?

<p>Transporting heat from poles to equator due to unequal heating. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the unequal heating of Earth's surface?

<p>The variation in the angle at which the Sun's rays strike different parts of the planet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the energy absorption and temperatures at higher latitudes near the poles compared to near the equator?

<p>Less energy absorption and cooler temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface from the Sun and re-radiated as lower energy, heating the atmosphere from below?

<p>Short-wave radiation to long-wave infrared energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do regions near the equator experience higher energy absorption compared to regions near the poles?

<p>Because the Sun's rays hit them more directly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What further reduces energy absorption at higher latitudes near the poles apart from the oblique angle of sunlight?

<p>Reflective properties of ice and snow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Earth's surface contribute to creating different climate zones across the globe?

<p>By varying degrees of energy absorption based on sunlight angles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of sunlight near the equator leads to direct heating of the Earth's surface?

<p>Its higher intensity due to shorter travel distances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of the reflective properties of ice and snow in polar regions on Earth's energy balance?

<p>Reduced energy absorption due to reflection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of global air circulation as described in the text?

<p>To distribute heat from regions near the Equator to polar regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of heat in atmospheric circulation?

<p>Unequal heating of Earth's atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Subtropical High Pressure Zone?

<p>Produces hot, dry air, especially over deserts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ocean currents help in maintaining the Earth's heat balance?

<p>By transporting heat from the poles towards the Equator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of deep ocean currents driving heat globally?

<p>Differences in water density related to temperature and salinity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does warm air rise at the equator in atmospheric circulation?

<p>Because of intense solar heating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of atmospheric pressure belts in global weather and climate?

<p>Crucial in determining weather and climate patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do polar regions lose more energy than they gain according to the text?

<p>As a result of receiving less direct sunlight and experiencing cooler temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of Africa experiences prolonged dry seasons due to subsidence and the Harmattan winds?

<p>Kano (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Ferrel Cell in global air circulation?

<p>Exists between 30° and 60° latitudes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a significant role in driving wind from high to low-pressure areas?

<p>Pressure Gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which high-altitude winds significantly influence weather patterns, including storm tracks?

<p>Jet Streams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of the Subpolar Low Pressure Zone mentioned in the text?

<p>Cool, wet conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor causes wind to deflect right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere?

<p>Coriolis Force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates the Hadley Cell from the Ferrel Cell in global air circulation?

<p>Exists between the equator and 30° latitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which winds are characterized by dry, warm downslope winds, leading to rapid warming and drying conditions?

<p><em>Chinook</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of the convergence of moist air masses during the shift of the ITCZ northwards?

<p>Increase in rainfall in regions like Calabar and Kano (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do warm ocean currents have on Africa's climate?

<p>Lead to dry and arid conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes La Niña conditions in the Pacific Ocean?

<p>Stronger trade winds and upwelling of warm water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drought results in long periods of below-average rainfall?

<p>Meteorological Drought (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What categorizes desertification as a process?

<p>Transformation of fertile land into desert due to human activities and climatic changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do synoptic weather maps utilize isobars for?

<p>Indicating wind speed and direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do dryland ecosystems differ based on their aridity levels?

<p>Unique challenges faced by each category (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Agricultural Drought' primarily affects which aspect in dryland ecosystems?

<p>Insufficient soil moisture affecting crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the degradation of 12 million hectares of land into desert annually?

<p>Overgrazing and deforestation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does desertification impact economies globally?

<p>Threatens food security and weakens economies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of desertification at a global level?

<p>Increases greenhouse gas emissions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a challenge in rehabilitating degraded lands?

<p>Challenging and expensive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is sustainable resource use emphasized for effective desertification prevention?

<p>To promote awareness and coordinated efforts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct cause of desertification according to the text?

<p>Deforestation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the weakening of economies due to desertification?

<p>Overgrazing and deforestation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stakeholders need to coordinate for effective desertification prevention?

<p>Through coordinated efforts among stakeholders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Ferrel Cell in global air circulation?

<p>Acting as a transitional zone affecting temperate weather patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does wind deflect right in the Northern Hemisphere according to the text?

<p>Because of Coriolis Force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Monsoon Winds?

<p>They bring seasonal reversals in wind direction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Föhn Winds impact regions on the leeward sides of mountain ranges?

<p>They lead to rapid warming and drying conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do Jet Streams have on weather patterns according to the text?

<p>Significantly influencing storm tracks and temperature distributions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of the Subpolar Low Pressure Zone on weather conditions?

<p>Resulting in cool, wet conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which latitudes is the Polar Cell found according to the text?

<p>From 60° latitudes to the poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes wind to flow parallel to isobars at high altitudes?

<p><strong>Geostrophic Wind</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of heat from the tropics towards the poles in oceanic circulation?

<p>Deep ocean currents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes winds to curve to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere?

<p>Coriolis effect due to Earth's rotation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of global air circulation mentioned in the text?

<p>To redistribute thermal energy and air globally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to the creation of atmospheric pressure belts that influence global weather patterns?

<p>Atmospheric circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences oceanic circulation patterns causing warm surface currents to move towards the poles?

<p>Differences in water density related to temperature and salinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a crucial role in determining weather and climate patterns globally?

<p>Atmospheric pressure belts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism that drives global air circulation according to the text?

<p>Unequal heating of Earth's atmosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do regions near the equator receive more direct sunlight compared to regions near the poles?

<p>Resulting from Earth's axial tilt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in rehabilitating already degraded lands according to the text?

<p>Insufficient funding for rehabilitation efforts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor contributing to the global threat posed by desertification as mentioned in the text?

<p>Overgrazing and deforestation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does desertification impact economies globally?

<p>It reduces agricultural yields, threatens food security, and weakens economies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to desertification indirectly according to the text?

<p>Policies promoting resource degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is prevention preferable to rehabilitation in addressing desertification according to the text?

<p>Prevention saves more land from degradation than rehabilitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct consequence of desertification at a global level as outlined in the text?

<p>Diminishing greenhouse gas emissions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is highlighted as essential for effective desertification prevention?

<p>Coordinated efforts among stakeholders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary direct cause of desertification according to the text?

<p>Soil erosion and overgrazing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for higher energy absorption and warmer temperatures near the equator compared to regions near the poles?

<p>Greater atmospheric heating near the equator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the angle of sunlight affect energy absorption in higher latitudes near the poles?

<p>It decreases energy absorption in those regions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the overall warmth of the planet by heating the atmosphere from below?

<p>Re-radiated infrared energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the spread of solar energy over a larger area at higher latitudes affect temperatures?

<p>Reduces temperatures due to decreased absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly influences the creation of climate zones across the globe?

<p>Unequal heating of Earth's surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do regions near the poles reflect more solar radiation back into space?

<p>As a result of cold temperatures and ice cover (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns responsible for heat transport from the equator towards the poles?

<p>Unequal heating of Earth's surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of desertification, as explained in the text?

<p>Transforming fertile land into desert (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do warm and cold ocean currents influence Africa's climate?

<p>By modifying temperatures over land (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes La Niña conditions in the Pacific Ocean?

<p>Stronger trade winds and upwelling of cold water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region in Africa experiences the highest frequency of droughts according to the text?

<p>Sahel region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the subtropical high-pressure zone mentioned in the text?

<p>It results in descending air and clear skies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do synoptic weather maps help in understanding weather conditions?

<p>By displaying symbols representing atmospheric phenomena (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of oceans in driving global climate, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Moderating temperature fluctuations worldwide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of meteorological drought according to the text?

<p>Long periods of below-average rainfall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the unequal heating of the Earth's surface?

<p>Variation in the angle at which the Sun's rays strike different parts of the planet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept that varies significantly with latitude and influences temperatures on Earth?

<p>Insolation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does solar radiation differ between the equator and higher latitudes near the poles?

<p>Less direct at higher latitudes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to solar energy at higher latitudes near the poles due to the oblique angle of sunlight?

<p>It spreads over a larger area, leading to less absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does atmospheric heating play in contributing to the warmth of the planet?

<p>Heating the atmosphere from below with lower energy, infrared energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the variation in insolation impact global climate zones?

<p>Creates distinct climate zones across different latitudes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of high-pressure cells in the Southern Hemisphere?

<p>Clockwise sinking air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are local weather patterns affected by the differential heating of land and water?

<p>Influencing high and low-pressure cell formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to the formation of global air circulation cells?

<p>Differential heating of land and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are air masses classified based on their characteristics?

<p>Temperature and humidity levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do Jet Streams play in shaping weather patterns?

<p>Affecting storm tracks and temperature distributions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Föhn Winds impact regions on the leeward sides of mountain ranges?

<p>Resulting in rapid warming and drying conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant threat posed by desertification, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Migration prompts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an indirect cause of desertification according to the text?

<p>Inadequate knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of desertification at a global level, based on the text?

<p>Decreased biodiversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the rehabilitation of already degraded lands challenging and expensive according to the text?

<p>Inadequate funding and awareness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as crucial for effective desertification prevention in the text?

<p>Coordinated stakeholder efforts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does desertification impact economies globally according to the text?

<p>Prompting migration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of heat from the tropics towards the poles in oceanic circulation?

<p>Deep ocean currents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do regions near the equator experience higher energy absorption compared to regions near the poles?

<p>Intense solar heating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Monsoon Winds?

<p>They flow from land to sea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of the Subpolar Low Pressure Zone on weather conditions?

<p>Results in cool, moist conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences insolation significantly with latitude?

<p>Seasonal changes in sunlight duration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Agricultural Drought' primarily affects which aspect in dryland ecosystems?

<p>Crop yield and food security (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes El Niño events according to the text?

<p>Reversal of normal air and sea water circulation patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ocean currents contribute to dry and arid conditions in regions like the Namib Desert according to the text?

<p>Canary and Agulhas currents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What global region experiences notable long-term occurrences of droughts according to the text?

<p>Sahel region in Africa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes maritime climate from continental climate based on the text?

<p>Minimal temperature fluctuations vs. significant temperature variations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are synoptic weather maps primarily used for according to the text?

<p>Understanding current weather conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of desertification primarily occur according to the text?

<p>Mainly due to human activities and climatic changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in rehabilitating already degraded lands?

<p>Insufficient funding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly contributes to the threat of desertification worldwide?

<p>Inadequate knowledge-sharing policies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does desertification impact global economies?

<p>Weakens economies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the depletion of fresh water reserves globally due to desertification?

<p>Ineffective resource management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is coordinated effort among stakeholders crucial for effective desertification prevention?

<p>To ensure comprehensive prevention measures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do policies promoting resource degradation play in contributing to desertification?

<p>Contribute to desertification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does desertification affect agricultural yields locally and nationally?

<p>Reduces agricultural yields (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily contributes to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions related to desertification?

<p>Desertification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily determines the shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) between the northern and southern hemispheres?

<p>Atmospheric pressure changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Coriolis effect influence oceanic circulation?

<p>Creating clockwise movement in the southern hemisphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Equatorial Low Pressure Zone mentioned in the text?

<p>Results from intense solar heating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of warm surface currents from the tropics towards the poles in oceanic circulation?

<p>Differences in water density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the atmosphere act as a conveyor belt for heat in global air circulation?

<p>Driven by differences in air temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do subtropical high-pressure zones play in global atmospheric circulation?

<p>Creating regions of cold, dense air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does deep ocean circulation contribute to heat transfer globally?

<p>Driven by differences in water density related to temperature and salinity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental aspect of Earth's climate system does the unequal heating of its surface drive?

<p>Atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do regions near the poles experience cooler temperatures compared to regions near the equator?

<p>Ice and snow reflect solar radiation back into space leading to less energy absorption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Earth's energy balance contribute to the creation of different climate zones across the globe?

<p>By varying the angle at which the Sun's rays strike different parts of the planet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of high energy, short-wave radiation absorbed by the Earth's surface from the Sun?

<p>To re-radiate lower energy, long-wave infrared radiation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insolation vary with latitude and influence temperature differences across the globe?

<p>Insolation varies significantly with latitude, affecting energy absorption and temperature variations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the angle of the Sun's rays striking the Earth have on temperature variations at different latitudes?

<p>Oblique angles result in cooler temperatures at higher latitudes due to increased energy spread. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Earth's surface contribute to driving atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns?

<p>By absorbing and re-radiating solar energy at different rates based on latitude. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant impact of ice and snow in polar regions on Earth's energy balance?

<p>Reducing energy absorption by reflecting solar radiation back into space. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does re-radiated lower-energy, long-wave infrared radiation play in heating the atmosphere?

<p>It contributes to global warming by enhancing the greenhouse effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines drought as a prolonged period of deficient rainfall, leading to water scarcity?

<p>Meteorological Drought (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oceanic phenomenon is characterized by the reversal of normal air and sea water circulation patterns?

<p>El Niño (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes desertification primarily according to the text?

<p>Human activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region experiences notable long-term occurrences of droughts?

<p>Sahel region in Africa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences Africa's climate by modifying temperatures over land?

<p>Warm and cold ocean currents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Insufficient soil moisture affecting crops' categorizes which type of drought?

<p>Agricultural Drought (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Long periods of below-average rainfall' is a characteristic of which type of drought?

<p>Meteorological Drought (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the reflective properties of ice and snow in polar regions?

<p>To reflect solar radiation back into space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Earth's surface contribute to the creation of climate zones?

<p>By influencing atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of atmospheric circulation patterns driven by the unequal heating of Earth's surface?

<p>Transporting heat from the equator towards the poles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do regions near the equator experience higher energy absorption compared to regions near the poles?

<p>As a result of the Sun's rays hitting the Earth's surface more directly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Earth's energy balance influence global climate zones?

<p>By driving atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What atmospheric process plays a significant role in determining the dry seasons in Africa?

<p>Subsidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Polar High Pressure Zones located geographically?

<p>At the North and South poles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of high-pressure cells in the Southern Hemisphere?

<p>Clockwise rising air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Jet Streams known for?

<p>Shaping global weather patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which force leads to winds flowing parallel to isobars at high altitudes?

<p>Coriolis Force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of El Niño conditions on global weather patterns?

<p>Decreased rainfall and droughts in many regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do regions near the Namib Desert experience climatic conditions due to ocean currents?

<p>Cold and arid conditions with minimal precipitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hydrological drought from other types of drought?

<p>Depletion of water reserves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do high and low-pressure cells influence weather patterns globally?

<p>Significantly impacting atmospheric pressure and circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do isobars play in synoptic weather maps?

<p>Connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of global air circulation according to the text?

<p>Balancing Earth's heat distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon causes ocean currents to curve to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere?

<p>Coriolis effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Equatorial Low Pressure Zone located based on the information provided?

<p>Between 10° N and 10° S (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of warm surface currents from the tropics towards the poles in oceanic circulation?

<p>Temperature differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of atmospheric dynamics, what is the role of the subtropical high-pressure zones?

<p>Generating hot, dry air linked to atmospheric descent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component of effective desertification prevention according to the text?

<p>Sustainable resource use strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does desertification contribute to biodiversity loss globally?

<p>By degrading land and habitats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the rehabilitation of degraded lands challenging and expensive according to the text?

<p>Because it remains an intricate and costly process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do policies promoting resource degradation play in indirectly contributing to desertification?

<p>Promoting unsustainable land management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does desertification weaken economies according to the text?

<p>By reducing agricultural yields and prompting migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes rehabilitating already degraded lands challenging and expensive as mentioned in the text?

<p>Inadequate funding for rehabilitation projects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does desertification jeopardize the livelihoods of nearly 900 million people annually according to the text?

<p>12 million hectares of land degrading into desert annually (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does desertification impact biodiversity globally based on the information provided?

<p>Contributes to biodiversity loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of desertification locally and nationally according to the text?

<p>Decreased agricultural yields (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is sustainable resource use emphasized for effective desertification prevention as highlighted in the text?

<p>To implement sustainable management strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge associated with the rehabilitation of already degraded lands, as mentioned in the text?

<p>High cost of the rehabilitation process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is desertification prevention preferred over rehabilitation of degraded lands, according to the text?

<p>Prevention addresses the root causes of desertification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a critical factor required for effective desertification prevention based on the text?

<p>Sustainable resource use strategies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect makes rehabilitation of degraded lands more challenging compared to desertification prevention?

<p>Lack of immediate economic benefits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does desertification pose a significant threat to nearly 900 million people worldwide according to the text?

<p>Reduction in agricultural yields and food security (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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