Questions and Answers
What was the main achievement of the Manchester Ferranti Mark I in 1951?
Who is credited with coining the term 'Artificial Intelligence'?
What was the main feature of ELIZA, developed in 1966?
What was the main characteristic of WABOT, developed in the 1970s?
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What event marked the beginning of the Second AI Cycle in 1980?
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What was the main achievement of IBM's Deep Blue in 1997?
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What is the main application of AI in the field of healthcare?
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What is the current trend in AI research?
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What was the contribution of Claude Shannon in the 1950s?
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What was the limitation of expert systems in the 1980s?
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What was the main difference between fuzzy logic and binary logic?
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What was the achievement of Watson, an IBM computer, in 2011?
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What trend is currently dominant in AI research?
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What was the significance of the 1956 Dartmouth College Summer AI conference?
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What was the impact of the rise of desktop computers in the 1980s on AI research?
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What is a common application of AI in the field of marketing?
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Study Notes
Origins of AI
- 1950s: Turing Test, Claude Shannon's idea of an intelligent chess-playing machine, and Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics
- 1951: Manchester Ferranti Mark I, the first computer that worked entirely on digits and could beat amateurs at chess or checkers
- 1952: Arthur Samuel, a pioneer in the gaming field, wrote the first game-playing program
- 1955: Arthur Samuel enhanced his code to play as both challenger and defender
- 1956: John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" at Dartmouth College Summer AI conference
The First AI Cycle
- 1965: Fuzzy logic, a concept that uses numbers between 0 and 1, differing from Binary (0 or 1)
- 1966: ELIZA, a program that could simulate conversations with humans
The First AI Winter
- 1970s: WABOT, the world's first true intelligent human robot, but AI research faced critical and financial setbacks due to uncertainty
The Second AI Cycle
- 1980: First Conference of the AAAI (American Association of Artificial Intelligence)
- 1980s: Expert system, a type of AI program
- 1987: Second AI Winter, marked by the rise of desktop computers and the fall of AI; expert systems became too expensive
AI Today
- 1993-2011: Bayesian programming, committee machine, and IBM's Deep Blue, which defeated Gary Kasparov in 1997
- 1993-2011: IBM's Watson won Jeopardy in 2011
- 2011-2021: Deep learning and big data; real-life applications of AI include secure banking, consumer analysis in marketing, healthcare data analysis, law, and journalism
- 2021-Present: Generative AI; notable examples include ChatGPT, DALL-E, Google Gemini, and MS CoPilot
Origins of AI
- 1950s: Turing Test, Claude Shannon's idea of an intelligent chess-playing machine, and Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics
- 1951: Manchester Ferranti Mark I, the first computer that worked entirely on digits and could beat amateurs at chess or checkers
- 1952: Arthur Samuel, a pioneer in the gaming field, wrote the first game-playing program
- 1955: Arthur Samuel enhanced his code to play as both challenger and defender
- 1956: John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" at Dartmouth College Summer AI conference
The First AI Cycle
- 1965: Fuzzy logic, a concept that uses numbers between 0 and 1, differing from Binary (0 or 1)
- 1966: ELIZA, a program that could simulate conversations with humans
The First AI Winter
- 1970s: WABOT, the world's first true intelligent human robot, but AI research faced critical and financial setbacks due to uncertainty
The Second AI Cycle
- 1980: First Conference of the AAAI (American Association of Artificial Intelligence)
- 1980s: Expert system, a type of AI program
- 1987: Second AI Winter, marked by the rise of desktop computers and the fall of AI; expert systems became too expensive
AI Today
- 1993-2011: Bayesian programming, committee machine, and IBM's Deep Blue, which defeated Gary Kasparov in 1997
- 1993-2011: IBM's Watson won Jeopardy in 2011
- 2011-2021: Deep learning and big data; real-life applications of AI include secure banking, consumer analysis in marketing, healthcare data analysis, law, and journalism
- 2021-Present: Generative AI; notable examples include ChatGPT, DALL-E, Google Gemini, and MS CoPilot
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Learn about the history and developments in Artificial Intelligence, from the Turing Test to pioneer achievements in game-playing programs. Take this quiz to test your knowledge!