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Questions and Answers
What was the main achievement of the Manchester Ferranti Mark I in 1951?
What was the main achievement of the Manchester Ferranti Mark I in 1951?
Who is credited with coining the term 'Artificial Intelligence'?
Who is credited with coining the term 'Artificial Intelligence'?
What was the main feature of ELIZA, developed in 1966?
What was the main feature of ELIZA, developed in 1966?
What was the main characteristic of WABOT, developed in the 1970s?
What was the main characteristic of WABOT, developed in the 1970s?
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What event marked the beginning of the Second AI Cycle in 1980?
What event marked the beginning of the Second AI Cycle in 1980?
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What was the main achievement of IBM's Deep Blue in 1997?
What was the main achievement of IBM's Deep Blue in 1997?
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What is the main application of AI in the field of healthcare?
What is the main application of AI in the field of healthcare?
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What is the current trend in AI research?
What is the current trend in AI research?
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What was the contribution of Claude Shannon in the 1950s?
What was the contribution of Claude Shannon in the 1950s?
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What was the limitation of expert systems in the 1980s?
What was the limitation of expert systems in the 1980s?
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What was the main difference between fuzzy logic and binary logic?
What was the main difference between fuzzy logic and binary logic?
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What was the achievement of Watson, an IBM computer, in 2011?
What was the achievement of Watson, an IBM computer, in 2011?
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What trend is currently dominant in AI research?
What trend is currently dominant in AI research?
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What was the significance of the 1956 Dartmouth College Summer AI conference?
What was the significance of the 1956 Dartmouth College Summer AI conference?
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What was the impact of the rise of desktop computers in the 1980s on AI research?
What was the impact of the rise of desktop computers in the 1980s on AI research?
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What is a common application of AI in the field of marketing?
What is a common application of AI in the field of marketing?
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Study Notes
Origins of AI
- 1950s: Turing Test, Claude Shannon's idea of an intelligent chess-playing machine, and Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics
- 1951: Manchester Ferranti Mark I, the first computer that worked entirely on digits and could beat amateurs at chess or checkers
- 1952: Arthur Samuel, a pioneer in the gaming field, wrote the first game-playing program
- 1955: Arthur Samuel enhanced his code to play as both challenger and defender
- 1956: John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" at Dartmouth College Summer AI conference
The First AI Cycle
- 1965: Fuzzy logic, a concept that uses numbers between 0 and 1, differing from Binary (0 or 1)
- 1966: ELIZA, a program that could simulate conversations with humans
The First AI Winter
- 1970s: WABOT, the world's first true intelligent human robot, but AI research faced critical and financial setbacks due to uncertainty
The Second AI Cycle
- 1980: First Conference of the AAAI (American Association of Artificial Intelligence)
- 1980s: Expert system, a type of AI program
- 1987: Second AI Winter, marked by the rise of desktop computers and the fall of AI; expert systems became too expensive
AI Today
- 1993-2011: Bayesian programming, committee machine, and IBM's Deep Blue, which defeated Gary Kasparov in 1997
- 1993-2011: IBM's Watson won Jeopardy in 2011
- 2011-2021: Deep learning and big data; real-life applications of AI include secure banking, consumer analysis in marketing, healthcare data analysis, law, and journalism
- 2021-Present: Generative AI; notable examples include ChatGPT, DALL-E, Google Gemini, and MS CoPilot
Origins of AI
- 1950s: Turing Test, Claude Shannon's idea of an intelligent chess-playing machine, and Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics
- 1951: Manchester Ferranti Mark I, the first computer that worked entirely on digits and could beat amateurs at chess or checkers
- 1952: Arthur Samuel, a pioneer in the gaming field, wrote the first game-playing program
- 1955: Arthur Samuel enhanced his code to play as both challenger and defender
- 1956: John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" at Dartmouth College Summer AI conference
The First AI Cycle
- 1965: Fuzzy logic, a concept that uses numbers between 0 and 1, differing from Binary (0 or 1)
- 1966: ELIZA, a program that could simulate conversations with humans
The First AI Winter
- 1970s: WABOT, the world's first true intelligent human robot, but AI research faced critical and financial setbacks due to uncertainty
The Second AI Cycle
- 1980: First Conference of the AAAI (American Association of Artificial Intelligence)
- 1980s: Expert system, a type of AI program
- 1987: Second AI Winter, marked by the rise of desktop computers and the fall of AI; expert systems became too expensive
AI Today
- 1993-2011: Bayesian programming, committee machine, and IBM's Deep Blue, which defeated Gary Kasparov in 1997
- 1993-2011: IBM's Watson won Jeopardy in 2011
- 2011-2021: Deep learning and big data; real-life applications of AI include secure banking, consumer analysis in marketing, healthcare data analysis, law, and journalism
- 2021-Present: Generative AI; notable examples include ChatGPT, DALL-E, Google Gemini, and MS CoPilot
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Learn about the history and developments in Artificial Intelligence, from the Turing Test to pioneer achievements in game-playing programs. Take this quiz to test your knowledge!
