AI in Society: Social Science Perspectives

<p>The importance of analyzing subjective experiences in relation to objective conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The social is separated from nature and technology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partial vision. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that humans must consider the kind of socio-technical world they contribute to. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make transparent the origins and reasons behind knowledge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The competition for influence, either of leadership or those influencing that leadership. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ian Hacking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acceptance of truth claims without scrutiny. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Who should make decisions on complex topics: politicians, the people, the experts, or those most affected? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific approach taken to define what constitutes society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Callon &amp; Caliskan's work on markets and practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The social is only about people and is separate from nature and technology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Émile Durkheim (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empirically and conceptually producing an understanding of these experiences in relation to their objective circumstances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actor-Network Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Michel Foucault (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Struggle for cultural hegemony (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perspectivalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>STS (Science and Technology Studies) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal mental structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The material and the semiotic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding subjective experiences in relation to objective circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structures that don’t allow for it, organized skepticism towards truth claims, and scientists' willingness to discuss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reflects a partial vision; it is always epistemically, politically, and ethically accountable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empirically and conceptually produce a faithful account of subjective experiences in relation to their objective conditions of possibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Make transparent where and why knowledge comes from.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People, the State, Laws, Institutions, Culture, and Economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relational ontology blurs the lines between nature, culture, and technology, while traditional approaches often separate 'the social' as exclusively about people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agency is distributed across a network of both human and non-human entities, rather than solely residing in individual human actors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means that there is no inherent hierarchy among different entities (humans, objects, technologies), all contribute to phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relational ontology challenges the strict separation between nature and culture, which is a characteristic of Western modern scientific thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We must consider the kind of world we are contributing to: relational thinking suggests that we are responsible for the worlds we assemble, as we blur the nature/culture divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Politics is defined as pushing your interests through sub- and ontological politics, concerning which entities get to shape reality and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The central question is: who should make the decisions regarding complex topics like AI – politicians, experts, or those most affected?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For Weber, politics is the struggle for influence whether of leadership or the ones influencing that leadership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Means of production and relations of production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habitus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discourse is a vehicle for power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actor-Network Theory (ANT).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sub- and ontological politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Governmentality, deliberative assemblies, sovereignty, public and its problems, or new associations and cosmograms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The economy is embedded in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social interaction and the presentation of self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meaningful, individual behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categories shape the people they are applied to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A perspective focusing on the connections and interactions between entities rather than just the entities themselves.

The ability to act or influence within a network is distributed among all entities, not just humans.

A model where all ways of existing are seen as equal without hierarchical distinctions based on their nature.

The Western idea that separates nature from culture, which is not universally shared across societies.

The intertwined nature of social and technological aspects that shape our reality and responsibilities.

The idea that power dynamics involve not just people, but the relations and roles of entities within a structure.

Politics is seen as the struggle for influence, focusing on leadership and the factors that influence leadership.

Determining who should make decisions about societal issues is complex and involves multiple stakeholders.

Frameworks we use to guide social interactions, like actors in a play.

Social rules that guide behavior and maintain social order.

Individuals act based on meanings and experiences, influencing society.

A system of dispositions shaped by social conditions, influencing behavior and thoughts.

Study how language shapes power dynamics and knowledge formation.

Explores networks of relationships between entities (human and non-human).

The art of governing beyond traditional politics, influencing how society is managed.

Discussion on the nature of economy: formal versus substantive approaches.

Analyzes cultural patterns and structures that shape societies.

The process of transforming social practices into economic activities.

Technologies that combine material elements and semiotic (meaning-making) aspects in knowledge production.

Contingency refers to the uncertain nature of knowledge, while fake news is misinformation deliberately spread.

Both emphasize understanding subjective experiences within their objective contexts and limitations.

The concept that society comprises various entities like individuals, institutions, and cultures interacting politically.

The necessity to ethically and politically justify the production of societal knowledge.

Different frameworks for understanding how social entities exist and interact within society.

The process of creating and validating knowledge, influenced by social, political, and ethical considerations.

The influence of relationships and entities, not just individuals, in shaping societal structures.

Analyzes structures that shape cultural and social patterns.

Individuals act based on meanings influenced by society.

Resources available to individuals through their social networks.

Focuses on discourse and the complexities of meaning in power dynamics.

Study how language shapes social practices and power relations.

Explores how relationships between entities form networks affecting outcomes.

The art of governing that shapes how society is organized beyond traditional politics.

The process of turning social actions into economic activities.

Dominance of one culture over others, often through ideology.

Focus on how material objects and infrastructures influence social dynamics.

The focus on how entities relate and interact, rather than their individual characteristics.

The idea that non-human entities, like bridges, can have agency and influence.

Recognizing different societies may not share the Western idea of separating nature from culture.

Politics involves competition for influence over leadership and decisions.

Identifying who should decide on societal issues is a complex task involving various stakeholders.

Acknowledging our role in shaping socio-technical environments and their impacts.

The uncertain nature of knowledge influenced by various contexts and experiences, opposed to fake news.

Both thinkers stress the importance of linking subjective experiences with the objective contexts that shape them.

Society is made up of people, institutions, laws, culture, and economic interactions.

It involves exploring how entities like individuals act within societal structures and the impacts of those actions.

Responsibility for the production of knowledge, ensuring it is grounded in ethical and political considerations.