AI and the Changing Labor Market

Introduction

• Examines the principal changes foreseen in the labor market due to Artificial Intelligence (AI), increasing digitalization, and automation, coinciding with advancements in robotics.
• Highlights changes, including the disappearance of certain professions, the rise of markets related to personal data and information, telecommuting and digital labor migration, and escalating demands for vocational guidance throughout life.

Four Scenarios of Change

• Ethical considerations are needed within vocational orientation, specifically for roles that studies suggest are disappearing.
• Modify vocational orientation tools to align with present demands.
• Mitigate risks in cyberspace for students, workers, and general public.
• Integrate knowledge domains with individual passions and aptitudes for educational preparation and professional practice.
• Vocational orientation is useful for professional rehabilitation and transitioning between undergraduate and graduate studies.
• Avoid risks concerning subsidies that skew professional interests and vocational choices.
• Counter act the chance of AI replacing vocational advisors.

Scenarios of Change

• The ability to manipulate the electromagnetic spectrum facilitated technological advances, identified as revolutionizing production by academics such as Peter Drucker, emphasizing data and communication.
• A UNESCO-backed study by McBride in the early 1980s outlined objectives to tackle the adverse effects of evolving output, emphasizing consistent consumption behaviors and uneven global progress.
• Some countries perceived shared goals as impediments to national advancement, shifting multilateral strategies and resulting in widened digital, cognitive, and cybersecurity disparities globally.
• Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) via the Internet globally influenced activities in which knowledge became a valuable asset, establishing virtual reality as where people engage and generate.
• Virtual reality eliminated time and space barriers present in physical interactions, necessitating educational modifications to ensure open access and expanding the reach of arising economies.

Disappearing Professions

• Extensive digitalization and data availability has driven automation to replace human jobs. Although freeing people from repetitive tasks, it also caused a decline in certain jobs tied to manual printing and industrial production, like car manufacturing.
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasts job losses due to AI in the production sector. Osborne and Frey’s research (2013) found that educational psychology is 24th among jobs considered replaceable by technology.
• Shifts from human to digital/robotic labor by 2024 include bank tellers, clerks, mail carriers, security guards, insurance clerks, and accountants.
• The report indicates creation of roles in AI, machine learning, sustainability, information security analysis, data science, big data, blockchain, e-commerce, DevOps, process automation, software development and applications.

Emergence of Markets Related to Data and Personal Information

• Mass digitalization grants millions access to personal information, which forms the base of data-driven applications. This has led to the rise of Big Data and data science, transforming personal information into currency.
• Attention and “likes” on social media have gained monetary worth within this attention-centric and “like”-driven economy, commercially exploiting the addictive properties of “likes.”
• Information is compiled to create profiles, incorporating technical variables in regards to equipment to predict behavior and decision-making for commercial strategies, affecting voting intentions and opinions on policy.

Telecommuting and Digital Migration

• Labor regulations traditionally depend on the legal triad of personal labor, payment, and subordination. The emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has expanded the provision of work under a virtual work mode - telecommuting.
• Telecommuting has globally decentralized the exchange between contracted entities via platforms, shifting linear production models and demanding regulatory efforts to uphold decent conditions.
• Severe platform-mediated telecommuting questions continue, as noted by the International Labor Organization report.
• The dispersion of work via Online Interventions (OIT, 2021) enables the Gig economy (OIT, 2022, p. 6), though meeting suitable working environments present difficulties. Psychology is able to externalize processes, via AI, in recruitment, analysis and assessment, coaching (Chat), or trend and behavior analysis.

Emergence of Vocational Orientation Needs

• Delors(1996)’s focus in lifelong learning includes rapid change from TIC and IA in communication.
• Uncertainty arises within educational spaces when focusing on labor. Includes worker certification and instability in predicting training needs in institutions.
• Therefore 1) companies have roles in employee preparation, 2) tighter connections between academia and enterprises and 3) the transformation of universities into economic drivers.
• Current orientation targets secondary/higher education connections. Recent Colombian law dictates the school must to promote/prevent well-being within the institution.
• The necessity for lifelong learning has uncovered gaps concerning traditional school alignment processes, specifically for post-professionals.
• Super's vital space and life cycle theory (Dumsh, 2016), sustains the need for guidance, utilizing self-perception as it relates to life’s experiences for career growth.

Reflections

• Some job positions have been particularly affected by artificial labor, including positions tied to general administration, economics, accounting and similar fields.
• Opportunities can decrease as tech grows, leaving unemployed persons unable to assimilate in active work.
• Established systems of education keep people employed, despite change. UAM in Mexico, had 13390 Accounting candidates and 2650 openings for 2022-2023 w/ 90% employment following gradation (UAM, 2024). FMI /FEM projects 10000 will not be in their training area between 2023 - 2027.
• Even with active markets, a graduate may not receive the same opportunity.

Ethical Implications

• In Mexico AI adoption puts them at 5th in the Americas, with 43.98 use/adoption. (2023 Latin American AI index).
• Counselors face uncertainty with IA and State Regulation of AI. No regulations around AI replacing workers limits innovation, though specific instruction can limit the impacts by focusing on assertive decisions.

Adapting Vocational Guidance Instruments

• Vocational tools adjust depending on education types, language, and culture. Now there is the disruption of - acceleration of time, TIC incorporation, AI use, and more career selections - acceleration from Han, 2021.
• Application can be split to limit time. Incorporating TIC modernizes the process, granting greater accessibility and easier admin while shortening the rating.
• Even when digitized, IA can integrate test results to offer personalized info - a data trends base in educational institutes.

Cybersecurity in Vocational Guidance

• Tendencies in the area affect instruments used in vocations - privacy, security, fidelity, and data quality.
• Individuals will use important tools to decide given changing scenarios. In accordance with OEDI 2024 in Spain there have been 374737 complaints compared to 37458 with growing trends - Spain for example.
• Covid correlates to this, but fraud/threats still occur.
• Even given the support for these items, there are important challenges, including computer security.

Core Competencies and Skill Sets

• There is a need to revise populations directed to decision impacts. This can be for the consideration of Super’s expression on impacting an understanding of life through career choice.
• Externalities from production can limit freedom of expression.
• IA and technologies are expanding, there should be general applications - transversal development.
• Refinement on economic development, a discourse, is ignored by organizations that are similar.

Vocational Orientation in Professional Conversion

• Super’s life cycle and growth over the recent years has contributed to an increase in life expectancy. The decline stage doesn’t occur at 60, in countries like Korea, Mexico and Chile.
• Growing labor forces require adaptations in organizations, for example in laws requiring industrial and economic adjustments.
• In Spain for example, telecommunication saw a loss around 106000 jobs in 2007-2015 (New Tribune, 2017). During the pandemic in 2020 there were 285600 jobs lost, with 139700 not recovered in 2024 (Noriega and Sanchez, 2024).
• IA creates two million lost jobs for sectors (Carvajal, 2024).
• Actions are needed for people in the labor market to find strategies. Labor conversion reincorporates these with process oriented incorporation - an autonomous addition, or intervention in an offset workforce (Peluffo, 1995). Guidance ensures maximum impact.

Vocational Guidance at all Levels

• Knowledge economies give info an economic value, compelling persons to be adept at resource management.
• Companies and Universities should ensure instruction takes place that maximizes product.

The Possibility of Job Replacement

• An alliance between corporations and universities is needed because technology has generated complex variables in decision making.
• Analysis on the relationship between different variables is vital- the loss of time/money can disaffect universities that make jobs impossible.

Risks Redirecting Career Paths

• Government subsidies exist as well as other areas - trends towards accreditation that benefit select interests.
• Funds like NextGeneration steer development from EU to European programs (Next Generation EU, 2024), reorganizing investment.
• Researchers can move away from their core intentions, complying with the requirements set by universities, that change original academic views.
• There are fewer offers in areas like Arts/Science. Patrons dictate articulation, which fails development and progress.
• The core can be simplified by applying test to aspects linked to academic performance. Test-assisted guidance combines with contact, aided by a profile that relates those areas.
• Guidance now requires less intervention, which in turn, shapes academic views. Test-assisted guidance combines with contact, aided by a profile that relates those areas.
• Singularity Experts for example serves users that offer a view according to market trends.
• Allows entry without intervention while connecting personalized needs with student performance.

Vocational Orientation in Post Graduation

• As AI modernizes productions, there are some jobs that are lost. Comprehend how this cannot be even across societies - this includes development.
• IA will expand unequally to an area that can become consistent for global reasons.
• Educational development can be improved in levels of core education to allow extended support.
• In post-graduation with a correlation to: Autonomy, Vitality, Proficiency, Experience, Position, (both social segments) and productive context. These factors go across - "self", social and change to maximize effect in professional orientation.