Agriculture: Pulse and Forage Crops

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Questions and Answers

Which macronutrient element is represented both in ionic and non-ionic forms?

Phosphorus

Potassium

Magnesium

Nitrogen (correct)

Which micronutrient has a definitive non-ionic form listed?

Zinc

Copper

Chloride (correct)

Manganese

What is the ionic charge of Phosphorus in its ionic forms?

2- (correct)

Which nutrient element does not have an ionic form listed?

Boron Signup and view all the answers

Which mnemonic device can be used to remember the macronutrient elements provided?

NPK, Ca, Mg, S Signup and view all the answers

What role do micronutrients play in crop growth?

They are essential for biochemical pathways. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way of measuring crop growth throughout its life cycle?

Dry weight increase Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient element is characterized by having a positive ionic charge of 2+?

Magnesium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crop is defined as completing its life cycle within a single season or year?

Annual crops Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily the purpose of spice and condiment crops?

To flavor, taste, and color food Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a biennial crop?

Sugar beet Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crop is associated with the production of narcotics?

Narcotics, fumitories and masticatories Signup and view all the answers

What is categorized as a feed or forage crop?

Dew gram Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not identified as a fibre crop?

Asparagus Signup and view all the answers

A perennial crop typically lives for how many years?

Three or more years Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes sugar and starch crops from other types of crops?

They are grown for the production of sugar or starch Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary measure of air temperature's effect on crops?

Intensity of heat Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of solar radiation is crucial for photosynthesis in plants?

Wavelengths from 0.4 to 0.7 m Signup and view all the answers

How does precipitation affect plant growth during dry conditions?

Serves as major soil moisture source Signup and view all the answers

What negative impact can high humidity have on crops?

Increases risk of diseases and pests Signup and view all the answers

What range of temperatures is essential for crop growth?

5 to 45 °C Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological process is directly influenced by solar radiation?

Transpiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of water stress on crops?

Reduced cell growth Signup and view all the answers

What effect does wind have on plants?

Alters transpiration rates Signup and view all the answers

What defines hygroscopic water in soil?

Water held tightly by soil particles through adhesion forces Signup and view all the answers

At which water tension level is capillary water retained?

One-third atmosphere to 15 atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

What effect does high wind speed have on plant growth?

Inhibits growth above 10 km/h Signup and view all the answers

How does acid rain affect soil and plants?

Increases nutrient leaching Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases the capillary capacity of soil?

Finer soil texture Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about gravitational water is accurate?

It freely moves and can drain from the soil profile. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes soil fertility from soil productivity?

Soil fertility focuses on nutrient availability. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes the permanent wilting point in soil?

Hygroscopic water where plants cannot access it Signup and view all the answers

Which gas, when in high concentration, is considered toxic to plants?

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary force responsible for the cohesion of water molecules in capillary water?

Cohesive forces Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of soil analysis in crop production?

To estimate nutrient levels Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the water conditions in the saturated state of soil?

Both macro and micro pores are fully filled with water Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of lodging in crops, particularly cereals?

Decreased plant stability Signup and view all the answers

Why is capillary water considered available to plants?

Plants can exert energy to extract it. Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of windbreaks in agriculture?

They minimize adverse wind effects. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes tillage in crop production?

Good tillage operations can enhance yield. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Crop Types and Uses

Pulse Crops: Includes red gram, black gram, green gram, cowpea, Bengal gram, horse gram, dew gram, soybean, peas, garden pea, and garden bean.
Feed/Forage: Vegetative matter used as feed for animals; includes hay, silage, pasture, and fodder like bajra, napier grass, and lucerne.
Fibre Crops: Grown for fibre yield; types include seed fibre (cotton), stem fibre (jute, mesta), and leaf fibre (agave, pineapple).
Sugar and Starch Crops: Cultivated for sugar and starch production; examples are sugarcane, sugar beet, potato, and sweet potato.
Spices and Condiments: Plants or products used for flavoring; includes ginger, garlic, cumin, turmeric, and chillies.
Medicinal Plants: Used in medicine; includes tobacco and mint.
Narcotics and Fumitories: Stimulating or numbing plants/products; includes tobacco, ganja, and opium poppy.
Beverage Crops: Used for preparing stimulants like tea, coffee, and cocoa.

Crop Classification by Ontogeny

Annual Crops: Complete life cycle in one season; examples include wheat, rice, and maize.
Biennial Crops: Lives two years; vegetative growth in the first year and flowering/seed production in the second. Examples include sugar beet and carrot.
Perennial Crops: Lives for three or more years; can be seed or non-seed bearing, such as sugarcane and napier grass.

Nutrient Elements in Soils

Ionic and Non-Ionic Forms: Macronutrients (e.g., nitrogen in NH4, NO3 forms) and micronutrients (e.g., iron as FeSO4) crucial for plant growth.
Soil Fertility: Indicates the availability of nutrients for crops.
Soil Productivity: Reflects the actual crop yield, influenced by soil management.

Weather Elements Affecting Crop Growth

Air Temperature: Optimal range for crop growth is between 5 to 45°C; affects photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.
Solar Radiation: Vital for photosynthesis; only visible light (0.4 to 0.7 m) is used effectively.
Precipitation: Major source of soil moisture; critical for crop growth, can cause stress or flood risks.
Wind: Can disrupt growth through water vapor loss and lodging in crops; windbreaks can mitigate negative impacts.
Atmospheric Composition: High concentrations of gases like SO2, CO, and HF can be harmful to plants, affecting soil and water quality.

Soil Water Retention

Hygroscopic Water: Tight adhesion to soil particles; cannot be used by plants, found at the permanent wilting point.
Capillary Water: Available for plant uptake; held at field capacity, affected by soil texture, structure, and organic matter content.
Gravitational Water: Moves freely due to gravity; not available for plants when saturation occurs.

Tillage and its Importance

Tillage Operations: Essential for higher crop yields; enhances soil structure and water retention.
Soil Analysis: Determines nutrient levels, informs fertilizer requirements, and assesses soil suitability for crops.

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Description

This quiz covers various types of pulse crops such as red gram, black gram, and cowpea, along with forage crops that serve as feed for livestock. It further discusses fibre crops and their significance. Test your knowledge of these essential agricultural components.