Cereals and Pulses Overview
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Questions and Answers

The rice inflorescence is called

  • Arrow
  • Cole
  • Ear
  • Panicle (correct)

The principal cereal crop of Vietnam is:

  • Wheat
  • Barley
  • Sorghum
  • Rice (correct)

What are the three types of rice grains

  • White, brown, whole (correct)
  • Instant, natural, cooked
  • Short, medium, long
  • None of the above

A whole grain consists of

<p>The endosperm, bran, and germ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rice can be used for

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a continuous flow dryer, dry air temperature is

<p>70 degrees Celsius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physical qualities of storage food can be tested?

<p>Odor measurement and Mechanical texture meter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Relations between time and temperature to determine the stability of food products are obtained by using which of the following data?

<p>All of the mentioned (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A seed consists ..?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given... The purity of the seed is 80% The viability of seed is 90% Then, what will be a pure live seed?

<p>72% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given... Purity % of seed = 99.97 Germination % = 91.66 Then, what will be the real value of the seed

<p>92.78 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The capacity of germination of a seed depends on ...?

<p>Both a and b (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first step in the seed viability test is...?

<p>Imbibition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of preservation is

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Major food crops of the world belong to the family

<p>Gramineae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Major cereals are

<p>Millets, Wheat, and Rice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Zein is present in

<p>Corn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Milling is a process that

<p>Strips the grain off the bran and germ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Five spice” is a common blend used in Chinese cookery with heat from at least one pepper. Which of these is NOT a common ingredient in this condiment?

<p>Fennel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PULSES may be soaked before cooking, such as Black beans, chickpeas, and mung beans. How long is the most common amount of time allowed for this?

<p>4 hours or overnight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which moisture content is considered safe for storing cereals?

<p>14% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parts of a plant are spices NOT made from?

<p>Cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chili is pungent due to the presence of the compound capsaicin.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is untrue about Ginger?

<p>None of the mentioned (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The aromatic volatile components of species are called

<p>Spice oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The caffeine levels of tea vary with the

<p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Postharvest Technology stimulate agricultural production?

<p>All above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a step in Black tea manufacture

<p>Lung formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reason for postharvest losses

<p>All above (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a good storage system?

<p>All above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the herb/spice commonly associated with VietNam food

<p>Bay leaf Curry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not generally a sweet herb/spice?

<p>Cumin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has been to shown reduce the risk of a heart attack?

<p>Ginger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You need to create a great stir-fry Which of the following is typically used in stir-fry to add flavor?

<p>Lemongrass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation/Fermentation of tea leaves is done for Black tea manufacture such that the enzymes in the leaves come out and start to oxidize. This gives the tea its flavor

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The difference between Green tea from Black tea is that:

<p>The oxidation process is omitted and the tea leaves are steamed in a pan before being rolled so that the enzyme doesn't interact with air and oxidize. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cut flowers are easy to lose water after harvest?

<p>All above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main causes of problems in water uptake?

<p>All above (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not used for preserving flowers?

<p>H2SO4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factor(s) not considered for establishing a nursery is/are?

<p>All are necessary factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cuttings are made from

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

....is suitable for packaging cut flowers..?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which has an edible rhizome?

<p>Both a and b (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bluing of petals is a problem in..?

<p>Rose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bluing of rose petals is due to..?

<p>Accumulation of ammonia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

We can enhance water uptake in flower stems by

<p>a and c (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stems accept water by

<p>Xylem tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flowers should be harvested

<p>a and b (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flowers should be harvested in the morning or in the evening because at that time the temperature is low and plant water content is high

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vase life of cut flowers affected by stem cut ends

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eliminate the blockage in the stem of cut flowers by removing an inch of the end of stems under water

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Precooling is:

<p>a &amp; b are right. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Advantages of Pulsing:

<p>All above (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is in holding solution?

<p>All mentioned above (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the metabolic activities of flowers after postharvest?

<p>All mentioned above (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors influence the postharvest life of flowers

<p>All mentioned above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the rice inflorescence called?

The panicle is a branched cluster of flowers that forms on rice plants, similar to a bunch of grapes.

What is the principal cereal crop of Vietnam?

Rice is the principal cereal crop grown in Vietnam, contributing significantly to the country's agriculture and food security.

What are the three types of rice grains?

Rice grains are classified based on their length and shape. Short grains are sticky, medium grains are versatile, and long grains are fluffy.

What does a whole grain consist of?

A whole grain contains all three parts of the kernel: the bran (outer layer), the germ (embryo), and the endosperm (starch).

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What can rice be used for?

Rice is a versatile crop used for a variety of purposes, including human food, animal feed, and even fuel.

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What is the dry air temperature in a continuous flow dryer?

The dry air temperature in a continuous flow dryer is typically controlled around 75 degrees Celsius to ensure efficient drying without damaging the grain.

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What are some physical qualities of stored food that can be tested?

Storage food quality is evaluated by measuring various physical characteristics, including odor and texture. Odor analysis helps detect spoilage, while texture assessment measures firmness and consistency.

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How are relations between time and temperature used to determine food stability?

By analyzing how time and temperature affect food stability, scientists can determine the shelf life of food products and optimize storage conditions.

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What does a seed consist of?

A seed consists of three main parts: the embryo, which contains the developing plant; the food materials, providing nourishment for the embryo; and the seed coat, protecting the seed.

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What will be the pure live seed if the purity of the seed is 80% and the viability of the seed is 90% ?

The pure live seed (PLS) percentage reflects the actual viable seeds in a sample. It is calculated by multiplying the purity percentage by the viability percentage. In this case, the PLS is 72% (80% x 90%).

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What will be the real value of the seed if Purity % of seed is 99.97 and Germination % is 91.66?

The true value of a seed is calculated by multiplying its purity percentage by its germination percentage. For this example, the true value would be 91.63% (99.97% x 91.66%).

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What does the capacity of germination of a seed depend on?

Both seed vigor and viability influence the germination capacity. Seed vigor refers to the overall health and ability to germinate quickly and vigorously, while viability indicates the potential for a seed to germinate.

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What is the first step in the seed viability test?

The first step in the seed viability test is imbibition. This involves soaking the seeds in water to allow them to absorb moisture and initiate germination.

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What is the principle of preservation?

Preservation techniques aim to prevent food spoilage from various factors, including microbial decomposition, shelf decomposition, and damage by insect pests.

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What family do major food crops belong to?

Major food crops worldwide belong to the Gramineae family, also known as the grass family. This family includes essential grains like wheat, rice, and maize.

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What are some major cereals?

Major cereals include wheat, rice, and maize, which are staple foods consumed globally.

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What is zein?

Zein is a protein found in corn, primarily in the endosperm. This protein is used in various applications, including food and bioplastics.

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What is milling?

Milling is a process that removes the bran and germ from grain, leaving behind primarily the endosperm, which is used to make refined flour. This process can reduce the nutritional content of the grain.

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What is NOT a common ingredient in "Five Spice"?

Fennel is not a common ingredient in "Five Spice." This blend typically includes star anise, cloves, cinnamon, peppercorns, and sometimes Sichuan pepper.

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How long is the most common amount of time for soaking pulses?

Soaking pulses for 4 hours or overnight is common practice before cooking, which helps to soften the beans and reduce cooking time.

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What moisture content is considered safe for storing cereals?

Cereals should be stored at a moisture content of around 14% to prevent spoilage and ensure optimal shelf life.

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What are spices NOT made from?

Spices are derived from various parts of a plant, including bark, leaf, root, and seed. They are not made from the cell itself.

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Is chili pungent due to the presence of the compound capsaicin?

True. Chili contains capsaicin, which is responsible for its heat and pungent taste.

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Which of the following is untrue about Ginger?

The statement is false. Scraping the outer skin deeply removes the essential oils, which contribute to ginger's aroma and flavor.

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What are the aromatic volatile components of species called?

The aromatic volatile compounds of spices are called spice oils. These oils are responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of spices.

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What factors influence caffeine levels in tea?

The caffeine level in tea can vary depending on the type of tea and the length of steeping. Black tea typically has a higher caffeine content than green tea.

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How does Postharvest Technology stimulate agricultural production?

Postharvest technology contributes to agricultural production by reducing losses, enhancing nutritional value, and adding value to products. It allows farmers to get the most out of their harvests.

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Which of the following is not a step in Black tea manufacture?

Lung formation is not a step in black tea manufacture. The process includes withering, rolling, oxidation/fermentation, and drying/firing.

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What are some reasons for postharvest losses?

Postharvest losses occur due to various factors, including poor quality produce, inefficient storage practices, and inadequate processing techniques.

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What is required for a good storage system?

A good grain storage system is achieved by incorporating multiple factors, including preventing moisture re-entry, protecting against pests, and ensuring easy maintenance and management.

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What is the herb/spice commonly associated with VietNam food?

Red pepper is a common herb/spice used in Vietnamese cuisine, adding heat and flavor to many dishes.

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Which of the following is not generally a sweet herb/spice?

Anise Fennel is generally considered a sweet herb/spice, while the others are typically savory.

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Which of the following has been to shown reduce the risk of a heart attack?

Ginger, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, has been linked to a reduced risk of heart attacks.

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Which of the following is typically used in stir-fry to add flavor?

Lemongrass is often used in stir-fry to add a distinct citrusy flavor, enhancing the dish's aroma and taste.

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Which of the following is NOT a step in Black Tea manufacture?

Putting the leaves in a vacuum dryer to remove moisture is NOT a step in Black Tea manufacture. The leaves are rolled and then dried.

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Oxidation/Fermentation of tea leaves is done for Black tea manufacture such that the enzymes in the leaves come out and start to oxidize. This gives the tea its flavor

True. Oxidation or fermentation is essential for black tea, allowing enzymes in the leaves to react with air, resulting in the distinctive black color and flavor of the tea.

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The difference between Green tea from Black tea is that:

The difference between Green tea from Black tea is that the oxidation process is omitted in Green tea. Green tea leaves are steamed to stop the oxidation process.

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Study Notes

Cereals and Pulses

  • Rice Inflorescence: Called a panicle.
  • Principal Cereal Crop (Vietnam): Rice.
  • Rice Grain Types: White, brown, whole.
  • Whole Grain Composition: Bran, germ, endosperm.
  • Rice Uses: Human food, animal feed, bedding material.
  • Continuous Flow Dryer Temperature: 65 degrees Celsius, 70-75 degrees Celsius.
  • Storage Food Quality Tests: Odor, Mechanical texture.
  • Food Stability Determination: Using time and temperature data. This measures product quality.

Tea and Spices

  • Five Spice: A Chinese blend that includes chili, fennel, cloves, star anise.
  • Pulse Soaking Time: Typically 4 hours or overnight.

Major Cereals

  • Major Cereals: Millets, wheat, rice, barley, rye, and maize.
  • Zein Presence: In corn.

Seed Viability Testing

  • Seed Viability Components: Intact embryo, food materials, seed coat.
  • Seed Purity/Viability: A pure live seed calculation is possible using purity and viability percentages.

Preservation Principles

  • Preservation Principles: Prevention of microbial decomposition, pest damage and shelf life.

Food Crops

  • Major Food Crop Family: Gramineae

Postharvest Flower Problems

  • Water Uptake Problems: Air embolism, bacterial plugging,
  • Flower Preservation Methods: Avoidance of heat, use of solutions such as sugar.
  • Factors affecting Post Harvest Flower Life: Temperature, humidity, microorganisms.

Flower Harvesting and Storage

  • Optimum harvest time: Morning or evening for lower temperatures.
  • Flower Preservation Methods: Pre-cooling, storage in controlled environments.
  • Flower Storage Issues: Post-harvest loss of water, increased respiration and microbial growth.

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CNSH STHOACH Lesson Notes - Cereals, Pulses, Tea & Spices PDF

Description

Explore the world of cereals and pulses through this engaging quiz. Delve into the details of rice varieties, grain composition, and the importance of seed viability. Test your knowledge on the uses of cereals in food and agriculture.

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