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Questions and Answers
What was one of the key changes in agriculture between 1450 and 1650?
What was one of the key changes in agriculture between 1450 and 1650?
What initiated the Enclosure Movement?
What initiated the Enclosure Movement?
What was the primary cash crop in the first permanent English colony?
What was the primary cash crop in the first permanent English colony?
What factor contributed to the population decline in the 1600s?
What factor contributed to the population decline in the 1600s?
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How did primogeniture affect younger sons in a noble family?
How did primogeniture affect younger sons in a noble family?
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What was a major consequence of the price revolution?
What was a major consequence of the price revolution?
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What was the royal policy in 1575 that affected Spain's economy?
What was the royal policy in 1575 that affected Spain's economy?
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What led to the decline of the Spanish economy in comparison to England?
What led to the decline of the Spanish economy in comparison to England?
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Study Notes
Crop Specialization and Efficiency
- Between 1450 and 1650, grain yields per acre increased significantly.
- Landowners expanded cultivated land, including marshes and woodlands.
- The eldest son inherited most of the land (primogeniture), while younger sons pursued other careers.
- Farmers (yeomen) became more market-oriented, and landlords adjusted land tenure.
- Enclosure movement: land owners bought common lands, leading to a decline in common pasture areas.
Expanding Trade Routes
- In the 1570s-80s, Sir Francis Drake explored potential trade routes to Asia via Cape Horn.
- London replaced Antwerp as a major trade center.
- The English established the East India Company in the 1600s.
- The 1600s saw the first permanent English colony, Jamestown (Virginia).
New World Colonies
- Cash crops, particularly tobacco, became economically important in Virginia.
- Colonists sought religious freedom and political participation (represented in assemblies).
- Colonies were more decentralized compared to Spanish empires.
- Trade increased between the colonies and England (often taking 100 days for a round trip).
- English reliance on African slave labor.
Spanish Economic Decline
- Population decline occurred in Spain by the 1600s (due to harvest failures, plagues, wars, emigration).
- There was a price revolution (inflation); this was partly due to the influx of gold and silver from the New World.
- The Spanish monarchy declared bankruptcy; suspended loan payments.
- Difficulty competing with English/Dutch in trade.
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Description
Explore the changes in crop specialization and trade routes between 1450 and 1650. This quiz covers the impact of land ownership, the rise of market-oriented farming, and the establishment of trade centers like London. Understand the significance of the enclosure movement and the development of New World colonies.
