Agriculture and Green Revolution Quiz

<p>Organic farming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Price of purchased inputs fluctuating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil erosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over-reliance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teosinte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural shattering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The weight of the animal's output to food intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional varieties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applying pesticides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher imports of soybeans for animal feed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty in gathering seeds after harvest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rely on limited technology and local resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agriculture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate with distinct wet and dry seasons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10000 years ago (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 50% of the population are farmers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of fire (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Science-based practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interbreeding to produce fertile offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tropical or subtropical zones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More education contributes to reducing the number of children per woman. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malthusian theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poverty plays a significant role in food security, with many going hungry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater resource depletion leading to potential catastrophes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased likelihood of ecological crises. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poverty levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying capacity of the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improvement in educational access (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental catastrophes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All increases in population result in linear resource depletion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>wars</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>less</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hungry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>children</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>environmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>multiple</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>blackberry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>strawberry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>berries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggregate fruit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tomato (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple fruits form from several flowers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strawberry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple fruit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple fruits form from one ovary of one flower, whereas aggregate fruits form from many ovaries of a single flower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple fruits are formed from many ovaries of more than one flower, such as pineapples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strawberries are not considered aggregate fruits because they develop from a single flower with many seeds on its surface, rather than from multiple ovaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One type of simple fruit is a berry, which is fleshy and contains multiple seeds; an example is a tomato.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary distinction is that dry fruits become hard or brittle at maturity, while fleshy fruits remain soft and juicy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>multiple</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tomato</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strawberry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pineapple</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tomato (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formed from multiple ovaries of one flower (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is derived from a single flower's ovary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strawberry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They typically develop from a single ovary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple fruits develop from a single ovary of one flower, while aggregate fruits develop from multiple ovaries of a single flower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A multiple fruit is formed from the ovaries of many flowers clustered together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strawberry is classified as a fleshy accessory fruit because it develops from a single flower but is derived from the receptacle, not from multiple ovaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tomato is a simple fruit because it develops from one ovary of one flower and is classified as a berry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification of fruits informs growers about their cultivation, harvesting techniques, and market value, which is crucial for effective agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential amino acids are nine amino acids that must be obtained from food due to the body's inability to synthesize them. They are crucial for protein synthesis and overall health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methods to prevent vitamin deficiencies include maintaining a balanced diet, taking vitamin supplements, consuming fortified foods, and using genetically engineered plants. These strategies help ensure adequate intake of necessary vitamins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein scores are determined by the digestibility of proteins and their content of essential amino acids. The more digestible a protein is and the more essential amino acids it contains, the higher its protein score.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential amino acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet. They are crucial for protein synthesis and various metabolic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D, or cholecalciferol, is produced from cholesterol via sunlight and acts more like a chemical messenger rather than assisting enzyme functions, which is characteristic of hormones. Its dual role complicates its classification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron and vitamin D are two important micronutrients that, when deficient, can lead to anemia and weakened bone health, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micronutrients are small, organic molecules required in minute quantities for various biological functions, while macronutrients (like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) are needed in larger amounts for energy and structural functions. Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intestinal microbiome comprises beneficial probiotic bacteria that aid digestion, help synthesize vitamins, and support the immune system. A healthy microbiome is vital for maintaining overall health and preventing diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A deficiency in vitamin C can lead to scurvy, characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, gum disease, and weakened immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural practices that combine different food sources, such as grains and legumes, can enhance protein assimilation by providing a complete set of essential amino acids. This approach can improve overall protein quality in the diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein assimilation involves the digestion of proteins into amino acids, which are then absorbed in the intestines and transported to cells for various functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooking denatures proteins, making them easier to digest, while mastication breaks down food into smaller pieces, increasing the surface area for digestive enzymes. Both processes enhance protein availability for absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intestinal microbiome aids in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and plays a crucial role in maintaining gut health and immune function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antioxidants are substances that help eliminate free radicals, which are highly reactive molecules that can cause oxidative damage. Although antioxidants are believed to reduce DNA damage, research shows inconsistent evidence for their role in cancer risk reduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Omega-3 can be found in flaxseeds and fatty fish, while omega-6 is present in plant oils and chicken, both essential for brain function and cell growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetically engineered plants can be fortified with essential vitamins and minerals to address deficiencies in populations. This innovation aims to improve the nutritional quality of food and enhance food security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trans fats are created through the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats, making them more stable; they are linked to increased risk of heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturated fats are primarily used for energy storage and structural functions, while unsaturated fats are involved in cell membrane fluidity and inflammation modulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recommended approach is to 'Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants,' focusing on whole foods to improve nutrient intake and reduce health risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imbalances can lead to excess energy storage as fat, resulting in obesity and associated disorders such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential amino acids are amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from food. They are crucial for protein synthesis, tissue repair, and overall metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D is critical for calcium absorption, and iron is essential for the formation of red blood cells. Both are vital for maintaining various bodily functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include scurvy, fatigue, and gum disease. It may also lead to impaired wound healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the intestine, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Factors influencing this process include enzyme activity and gut health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intestinal microbiome aids in the digestion of complex carbohydrates and synthesis of certain vitamins. It also plays a role in maintaining gut health and immune function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming a varied diet ensures intake of all essential amino acids, preventing deficiencies. This is especially important for those on vegetarian or vegan diets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micronutrient deficiencies can lead to anemia, weakened immunity, and impaired cognitive function. These can significantly affect overall health and wellbeing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooking proteins can enhance their digestibility and absorption in the body. Additionally, combining protein sources can provide a complete amino acid profile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A diverse intestinal microbiome can enhance protein digestion and absorption by breaking down complex proteins into absorbable forms. It can also promote a healthier gut environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weakened bones, increased risk of fractures, and conditions like osteoporosis. It affects calcium absorption negatively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential amino acids are the amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet. They are crucial for protein synthesis, tissue repair, and overall metabolic functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micronutrient deficiencies can lead to a variety of health issues, including weakened immune function, stunted growth, and complications in chronic diseases. Specific deficiencies can result in critical ailments, such as anemia from iron deficiency or scurvy from vitamin C deficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, making it difficult for vegetarians and vegans to obtain adequate amounts from their diet. They may face risks of deficiency unless they consume fortified foods or supplements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intestinal microbiome aids in the breakdown and fermentation of proteins and fibers, producing short-chain fatty acids that enhance nutrient absorption and gut health. A diverse microbiome can improve protein assimilation and overall nutritional status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutritional deficiencies can compromise immune function, disrupt hormonal balance, and lead to metabolic disorders, ultimately contributing to chronic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Long-term deficiencies create systemic imbalances that exacerbate health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetarians often rely on legumes as a primary source of protein, which makes up approximately 13% of humanity's protein intake. However, plant-based proteins may lack certain essential amino acids, requiring careful dietary planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A diet low in micronutrients can lead to deficiencies that compromise health, resulting in issues like impaired immune response, fatigue, and anemia. Chronic low micronutrient intake can also increase the risk of developing serious illnesses over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intestinal microbiome helps ferment undigested food, releasing compounds that enhance the bioavailability of certain vitamins and minerals. A balanced microbiome can therefore improve vitamin absorption and contribute to overall health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adequate protein intake is crucial for muscle protein synthesis, which helps maintain and repair muscle tissues. Insufficient protein can lead to muscle wasting, reduced strength, and functional decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dietary choices that exclude a variety of food groups can lead to unintentional vitamin deficiencies, as certain vitamins are abundant only in specific foods. For example, excluding animal products can result in a lack of vitamin B12 and possibly iron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein-rich foods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestibility of proteins varies based on their structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rickets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical messenger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminate free radicals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal mobility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probiotic bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They consistently reduce DNA damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve texture and shelf life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linoleic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resting metabolic rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of heart disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino group, carboxyl group, and R group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes eating mostly plant-based foods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trans fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides distinctive traits to each amino acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legumes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is primarily derived from microorganisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is crucial for forming proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic foods are primarily focused on ecosystem health. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific macromolecule classes are essential for various bodily functions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth of chronic diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a major source of energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamins are organic compounds required in small amounts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diverse consumption of specific food types (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large chains formed by the bonding of individual molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic farming may yield less produce than conventional methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The type of bond comprised in their polymers; starch has alpha 1,4 bonds versus cellulose's beta 1,4 bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often form ring structures with oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In calories from chemical bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha 1,4 bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They play a role in health but are not classified as nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to optimal intake for health benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are critical for hormone production and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Southeast Asia and Western Africa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic erosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hybridization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyploidy results in larger plants with larger edible parts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Susceptibility to pests and diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic displacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed retention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduction of weeds that are difficult to control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Landraces are important as they maintain genetic variability, adapting well to local conditions and contributing to resilience against pests and climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key features include seed retention, loss of seed dormancy, increased yield, and reduction in levels of toxic compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autopolyploidy involves chromosome duplication within a single species, while allopolyploidy results from hybridization between different species leading to chromosome duplication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased genetic diversity can lead to crop uniformity, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hybridization can lead to improved traits and increased genetic diversity, but it may also create difficult-to-control weeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genome sequencing helps identify genetic variations and evolutionary adaptations, providing insights into how crops have evolved over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advantages include uniformity and potentially higher yields; disadvantages are increased vulnerability to disease and pests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rice was domesticated in Southeast Asia and Western Africa, while maize was domesticated in central Mexico.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic erosion refers to the loss of genetic diversity in crops, often due to the displacement of traditional varieties by modern high-yielding ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyploidy can lead to larger plants with greater edible parts, but it is a complex process that may not be viable for all species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>environmental cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>new traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>polyploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Near</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They develop from a single ovary of a single flower. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pineapple (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strawberry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple fruits develop from one ovary of one flower only. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggregate fruit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cassava (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potatoes - Andes Mountains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soybeans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>South America (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potatoes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide significant protein and fiber. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maize (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits and Vegetables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grains are staple foods like wheat and rice essential for nutrition. Legumes, such as soybeans and peanuts, are high in protein and often used in various diets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wheat originated in the Fertile Crescent, near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maize, or corn, is primarily derived from Mesoamerica, which highlights its role in the diets and cultures of indigenous peoples in that region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sorghum is believed to have originated in parts of Africa and is well-adapted to arid and semi-arid climates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barley requires suitable rainfall and well-drained soils, posing challenges in regions with poor drainage or inadequate precipitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rice is believed to have originated in several regions of East Asia, making it a fundamental food source for billions of people in this area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potatoes are primarily derived from South America, while sweet potatoes most likely also originated from South America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rice requires flooded or regularly irrigated fields, typically thriving in tropical and subtropical climates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maize is predominantly grown in the Americas, particularly the United States and South America, due to suitable soil conditions and temperature ranges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cassava thrives in warm temperatures and well-drained soils, serving as a major carbohydrate source in tropical regions, especially Africa and Latin America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soybeans require moderate temperatures and fertile soils for optimal growth, mostly cultivated in the United States and South America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potatoes prefer cool climates and well-drained soils, mainly cultivated in Europe and South America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugarcane requires a hot and humid climate with ample water, primarily grown in tropical and subtropical regions like Brazil and India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cocoa requires specific temperature and rainfall conditions, mainly grown in tropical regions such as West Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bananas need specific soil types, temperature, and rainfall conditions for optimum yield, predominantly grown in tropical countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maize (Corn)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soybeans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugarcane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweet Potatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cassava</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bananas/Plantains</p> Signup and view all the answers