Agricultural Tractors Overview
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What is defined as a self-propelled, wheeled vehicle designed for agricultural purposes?

  • Tractor (correct)
  • Cultivator
  • Plow
  • Combine harvester

    • Which function does a tractor NOT perform?

  • Transmitting power through the PTO drive
  • Driving machines through belt power
  • Raising and lowering attachments with hydraulic power
  • Walking and tilting the soil (correct)

    • Which type of tractor transmits power to all four wheels?

  • Farm tractor
  • Four-wheel drive (correct)
  • Compact tractor
  • Two-wheel drive

    • What is the primary use of a compact tractor?

    <p>Landscaping and gardening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately characterizes a farm tractor?

    <p>Has over 20 brake horsepower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a tract-type tractor from other tractors?

    <p>It primarily uses endless link devices for traction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of the orchard tractor?

    <p>Built with fewer projecting parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation can be performed by a tractor using its power take-off (PTO) drive?

    <p>Planting seeds directly into the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of a pre-start safety check for a tractor?

    <p>Check the lock on the toolbox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tractor is specifically designed for heavy-duty operations such as earth moving?

    <p>Tract-type tractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required clutch clearance for a tractor?

    <p>4-5 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose is the ballast used in tractors?

    <p>To improve traction and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked for wear or damage during a pre-start safety inspection?

    <p>Nuts and bolts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to check the oil level in a tractor?

    <p>Wait for about 10 minutes after stopping the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which maintenance aspect is included in checking the battery of a tractor?

    <p>Maintaining terminal tightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the tractor cooling system should be checked when the engine is cool?

    <p>The radiator cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the clutch in a tractor?

    <p>To change the tractor's gear without stopping the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component allows driving wheels to operate at different speeds?

    <p>Differential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the power take-off (PTO) shaft?

    <p>To drive field machines and stationary equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drawbar pull is influenced by which of the following factors?

    <p>Type and weight of the tractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines unit draft?

    <p>The specific resistance of soil to tillage implements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing the weight of a tractor have?

    <p>Increases its operational capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects wheel slip in a tractor?

    <p>Surface condition of the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tractor size typically estimated for primary tillage operations?

    <p>Using specific draft requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct procedure for cleaning a dry type air cleaner?

    <p>Clean with a blast of compressed air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to check the drawbar and three-point linkage security?

    <p>To prevent possible equipment detachment during operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the clutch safety switch?

    <p>It prevents the starter from engaging unless the clutch pedal is fully depressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical safety feature of the Roll-Over Protection Structure (ROPS)?

    <p>It can shield the driver in case of an overturn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes proper hydraulic hose management after disconnection?

    <p>Ensure connections are clean and replace dust caps immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adjustment is necessary when attaching a trailed implement to a tractor?

    <p>The drawbar must be positioned properly and secured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should you lubricate and grease fittings on a tractor?

    <p>Refer to the manufacturer’s timetable, often daily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do before disconnecting the PTO shaft?

    <p>Ensure the engine is off and the tractor in park.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required number of splines for a 540 rpm stub shaft?

    <p>6 splines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a quick hitch system on a tractor?

    <p>To easily connect implements without leaving the seat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in checking the spring-loaded lock of a powershaft?

    <p>Make sure the tractor is turned off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hitch is suited for large, heavy implements or trailers?

    <p>Swinging drawbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the operation of the powershaft?

    <p>It must not bottom out when fully extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the axle power of a tractor?

    <p>Transmission system performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is used to connect the implement to the tractor in a three-point linkage system?

    <p>Upper link and lower links</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the power-take-off (PTO) shaft play in a tractor's power delivery?

    <p>It delivers rotary power from the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'drawbar power' refer to?

    <p>Power sustainable over at least 20 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of roll-over protective structures (ROPS)?

    <p>To protect the operator from injuries during a roll-over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating drawbar power based on net engine power?

    <p>Drawbar power = 0.75 to 0.81 * net engine power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily changes the torque and speed of the engine power in tractors?

    <p>Power transmission system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about attaching a three-point linkage implement is correct?

    <p>The lower links should be connected first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ballast used for in agricultural operations?

    <p>As a counterbalance for a heavy load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of a front-end loader (FEL)?

    <p>It lifts materials like rocks and dirt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the synchronized transmission contribute to tractor operation?

    <p>It allows shifting gears without clashing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Agricultural Tractor

    • Agricultural tractor is a self-propelled, wheeled vehicle with two axles.
    • It's designed for hauling trailers and agricultural machinery.
    • Versatile machine for various agricultural tasks.
    • It can perform both stationary and mobile jobs.
    • It can pull or tow implements through traction or drawbar/PTO drive.

    Definition of Tractor

    • A self-propelled, wheeled vehicle with two axles, used to carry, pull, or propel agricultural implements and machines.
    • Specifically designed to deliver high tractive effort/torque at slow speeds.
    • A mobile power source for a wide variety of agricultural tasks.

    Functions of Tractors

    • Pulling implements behind.
    • Pushing implements in front.
    • Operating implements attached to it.
    • Transmitting power to other machines using the PTO.
    • Controlling and adjusting implements with hydraulic power.
    • Driving implements with belt power.
    • Transmitting power with flexible shaft.
    • Providing power for highway transportation and handling.

    Classification of Tractors

    • Two-Wheel Drive: Power transmitted to rear wheels; small front wheels.
    • Four-Wheel Drive: Power transmitted to all wheels.

    Types of Steering

    • Front wheel steering: Automotive-style control, ideal for row crops and fieldwork.
    • Coordinated steering: Coordinates front and rear wheels for sharp turns.
    • Crab steering: Counteracts implement drift on slopes, optimizing traction.
    • Rear wheel steering: Maneuvers easily around obstacles and for specialized tasks.

    Descriptions of Agricultural Tractors

    • Compact Tractor: Four-wheel tractor with less than 20 hp. Used for landscaping, gardening.
    • Farm Tractor: Four-wheel tractor with at least 20 brake horsepower. Used for heavy-duty agricultural tasks like plowing, seeding, planting.

    Special Type Tractors

    • Tract-type Tractor: Heavy-duty endless link device for heavy-duty operations (earth moving).
    • All-Purpose or Row Crop Tractor: Designed to handle field and belt jobs (planting, inter-tillage).
    • Orchard Tractor: Small-medium size for easy operation under trees.
    • Industrial Tractor: Various sizes for industrial operations (heavy hauling, hoisting, excavating).

    Parts of a Tractor

    • The document lists numerous parts of a tractor, such as: canopy, ROPS, signal lights, driver's seat, rear wheel, implement, steering wheel, hood, headlight, ballast, front wheel, muffler, engine, foot throttle, clutch, auxiliary gear shift lever, and more.

    Pre-Start Safety Check on a Tractor

    • General Checks: Safety guards, loose parts, drawbar/three-point linkage, fluid leaks, tire treads.
    • Specific Checks: Brake values, clutch pedal, oil level, cooling system, battery terminals.
    • Air Cleaner: Clean (dry type), or replace and/or clean oil bath type.
    • Lubrication: Grease fittings per manufacturer's timetable.

    Tractor Safety

    • Clutch safety: Won't engage starter unless clutch is depressed.
    • Implement placement: Ensure implements are as low as possible to reduce overturn risks.
    • Ballast/counterweight: Use to balance the tractor.
    • PTO shield: Protect clothing and hair from getting entangled in the shaft.
    • Roll-over protection structure (ROPS): Essential for safety in case of overturns. Be sure seatbelt is fastened.

    Attach and Remove Trailed Implement

    • Adjust draft bar and implement. Utilize a jack stand to support weight.
    • Ensure tractor position aligns with implement hitch.
    • Engage parking brake. Secure implement to drawbar.

    Connect Remote Hydraulics

    • Position tractor at a level site. Move components to lowered position.
    • Disconnect hoses, stow away from dirt and water.
    • Inspect connections for cleanliness, replacing caps as needed.
    • Ensure hoses aren't kinked when stowed.

    Attach and Remove a PTO Shaft

    • Engage parking brake; disengage PTO drive. Put tractor in neutral or park
    • Attach to implement (three-point link or trailed).
    • Connect crossjoint and powershaft.
    • Adjust implement for level position and safe operation.

    Check the Coupling

    • Ensure the power shaft coupling has the correct number of splines (grooves) for the RPM.
    • Select appropriate power shaft (e.g. 540 rpm, 1000 rpm)

    Check the Powershaft and Spring-Loaded Lock

    • Check that the parts will fully extend without problems.
    • Make sure sliding parts don't bottom out when compressed.
    • Ensure both halves of the PTO shaft are properly locked together.

    Three-Point Linkage Implement

    • Describes the parts of the three-point linkage system for attaching implements to a tractor (e.g. lift arm, left/right draft links, top link).
    • Also explains how to detach the implement.

    Additional Readings

    • Resources on agricultural tractor controls, specifications, and testing methods.

    Tractor Brands & Makes

    • List of common tractor brands and makes.

    Tractor Terminologies

    • Drawbar: Bar for hitching implements to the rear of the tractor.
    • Drawbar power: Power output from the drawbar (sustainable over a distance).
    • PTO shaft: Shaft providing rotational power to implements.
    • PTO output power: Power measured at the PTO shaft.
    • ROPS: Roll-over protective structure.
    • Three-point linkage: Connects implement to the tractor.
    • Ballast: Added weight to balance the tractor.
    • Chassis: Tractor frame and supporting structure.
    • Fast Hitch/Quick Hitch: System to quickly connect implements to the tractor 3-point hitch.

    Tractor Power

    • Power can be conveyed via drive wheels (pulling) or PTO shaft/belt pulley.
    • Hydraulics can also power implements.

    Power Performance

    • Provides the relationships between various tractor power measures:
      • Drawbar, PTO, Transmission, Axle.

    Power Train of a Wheel-Drive Tractor

    • Diagram showing the flow of power from engine through various components to the wheels.

    Functions of Power Transmission

    • The transmission is critical for converting engine power. It facilitates changing torque and speed to match the implement's needs.

    Clutch

    • Device used to connect or disconnect the engine from the power train (or to engage/disengage the tractor drive). Enables shifting gears without shutting down the engine.

    Differential

    • Gear arrangement enabling one wheel to rotate faster or slower than the other (e.g., during turns).

    Final Drive

    • Gear reduction mechanism transmitting engine power from the differential to the axle and wheels. The output power has high torque and is at a low speed.

    Power Take-Off Shaft (PTO)

    • Shaft used for driving agricultural implements. Includes standard specifications for coupling and spline shaft diameters.

    Drawbar Pull

    • An important factor in tractor performance. Determined by wheel slip, engine power and factors like ground conditions, tractor weight, and implementation type.

    Tractor Size Determination

    • Tractor size depends on its capabilities (e.g., weight, horsepower). Tractor size determination is generally based on the amount of force an implement requires. Specific implementation resistance values are used in the calculation. This information is based on the soil type (dry/moist clay/silt loam).

    Use of Specific Implement Resistance

    • Tables outlining specific resistance values for various agricultural implements.

    Classifications of Hitch System and Controls

    • Discusses different hitch types (drawbar, semi-mounted, direct-mounted, direct-connected) for connecting implements to the tractor.

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    Agricultural Tractor Lesson 3 PDF

    Description

    Explore the essentials of agricultural tractors, including their definitions, functions, and design features. Understand how these versatile machines operate in various agricultural tasks, both mobile and stationary. This quiz will test your knowledge of the critical roles tractors play in agriculture.

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