Antibiotic Resistance and Mechanisms of Action Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the source of antibiotics?

  • Synthetic drugs produced in the laboratory
  • Metabolic products of microorganisms (correct)
  • Biological products derived from animals
  • Chemicals extracted from plants

    • What is essential for antibiotics to inhibit or kill the intended pathogen without seriously harming the host?

  • Selective toxicity (correct)
  • High concentration in the body
  • Broad-spectrum activity
  • Rapid metabolism in the body

    • What are the main causes of antibiotic resistance?

  • Exposure to sunlight
  • Overuse of antibiotics in hospitals
  • Mutations on the chromosome and plasmid acquisition (correct)
  • Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products

    • What characterizes plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance?

    <p>High-level resistance, often multiple resistance, and easy transferability to other species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has caused antibiotic resistance genes to become prevalent?

    <p>Selective pressure due to antibiotic treatment era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does immunization involve?

    <p>Inducing or providing immunity against infection artificially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key approach to controlling antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Restricting prescription and reducing animal use of growth promoters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antimicrobial drugs?

    <p>Synthetic drugs produced by chemical procedures in the laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do mechanisms of action include?

    <p>Cell wall active agents, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, and inhibition of protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does antibiotic misuse create a favorable environment for?

    <p>Antibiotic-resistant organisms to take over as sensitive bugs are killed or inhibited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor for antibiotics to be effective against pathogens?

    <p>Selective toxicity towards specific bacterial strains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of agricultural practices in the emergence of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Antibiotics used as growth promoters for intensive animal farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of an antibiotic?

    <p>Kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found in a survey of beef and poultry sold in U.S. supermarkets?

    <p>Relatively high levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can products from animals treated with antibiotics not be subsequently labelled as organic?

    <p>Presence of antibiotic residues in animal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly isolated from minced beef?

    <p>Antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of immunisation?

    <p>Stimulating the body's immune response to prevent infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mutation?

    <p>A change in the genetic code of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic code responsible for?

    <p>Determination and regulation of protein synthesis based on genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DNA replication refer to?

    <p>The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of protein synthesis?

    <p>Production and regulation of proteins within cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method used for controlling antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Implementing strict regulations on antibiotic use and promoting alternative treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs?

    <p>Antibiotics are metabolic products of microorganisms, while antimicrobial drugs are synthetic drugs produced by chemical procedures in the laboratory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance?

    <p>High-level resistance, often multiple resistance, and easy transferability to other species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor contributing to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes?

    <p>Selective pressure due to antibiotic treatment era.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of controlling antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Restricting prescription, rotation, reducing animal use of growth promoters, providing guidance, surveillance, infection control, and immunization against infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does immunization involve?

    <p>Inducing or providing immunity against infection artificially through vaccines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is selective toxicity essential for in antibiotics?

    <p>Targeting pathogenic microorganisms while sparing the host's cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of controlling antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor contributing to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes?

    <p>High levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DNA replication refer to?

    <p>The process of copying DNA to produce a new DNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Resistance genes carried on extrachromosomal DNA elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for antibiotics to inhibit or kill the intended pathogen without seriously harming the host?

    <p>Selective toxicity targeting bacterial processes not present in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of agricultural practices in the emergence of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Use of antibiotics as growth promoters in intensive animal farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly isolated from minced beef?

    <p>Antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method used for controlling antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use and promoting appropriate prescribing practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does immunization involve?

    <p>Stimulating the immune system to develop immunity to specific pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antimicrobial drugs?

    <p>Substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antibiotic Resistance and Mechanisms of Action Summary

    • A 12-year-old boy acquired a ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella strain from cattle treated with this drug.
    • Antibiotics are metabolic products of microorganisms that inhibit or kill other microorganisms.
    • Antimicrobial drugs are synthetic drugs produced by chemical procedures in the laboratory.
    • Selective toxicity is essential for antibiotics to inhibit or kill the intended pathogen without seriously harming the host.
    • Mechanisms of action include cell wall active agents, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, and inhibition of protein synthesis.
    • Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in both developed and developing world, with mutations on the chromosome and plasmid acquisition being the main causes.
    • Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance is characterized by high-level resistance, often multiple resistance, and easy transferability to other species.
    • Antibiotic resistance genes existed before the antibiotic treatment era but have become prevalent due to selective pressure, highlighting bacterial adaptability.
    • Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance include producing enzymes to inactivate or destroy the drug, altering the target/receptor of the drug, and preventing entry of the drug into the cell or efflux of the drug from the cell.
    • Antibiotic misuse creates a favorable environment for antibiotic-resistant organisms to take over, as sensitive bugs are killed or inhibited.
    • Control of antibiotic resistance involves restricting prescription, rotation, reducing animal use of growth promoters, providing guidance, surveillance, infection control, and immunization against infection.
    • Immunization involves inducing or providing immunity against infection artificially, and vaccines can be live, killed, toxoid, or partial/subunit vaccines.

    Antibiotic Resistance and Mechanisms of Action Summary

    • A 12-year-old boy acquired a ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella strain from cattle treated with this drug.
    • Antibiotics are metabolic products of microorganisms that inhibit or kill other microorganisms.
    • Antimicrobial drugs are synthetic drugs produced by chemical procedures in the laboratory.
    • Selective toxicity is essential for antibiotics to inhibit or kill the intended pathogen without seriously harming the host.
    • Mechanisms of action include cell wall active agents, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, and inhibition of protein synthesis.
    • Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in both developed and developing world, with mutations on the chromosome and plasmid acquisition being the main causes.
    • Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance is characterized by high-level resistance, often multiple resistance, and easy transferability to other species.
    • Antibiotic resistance genes existed before the antibiotic treatment era but have become prevalent due to selective pressure, highlighting bacterial adaptability.
    • Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance include producing enzymes to inactivate or destroy the drug, altering the target/receptor of the drug, and preventing entry of the drug into the cell or efflux of the drug from the cell.
    • Antibiotic misuse creates a favorable environment for antibiotic-resistant organisms to take over, as sensitive bugs are killed or inhibited.
    • Control of antibiotic resistance involves restricting prescription, rotation, reducing animal use of growth promoters, providing guidance, surveillance, infection control, and immunization against infection.
    • Immunization involves inducing or providing immunity against infection artificially, and vaccines can be live, killed, toxoid, or partial/subunit vaccines.

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    MICR20010 Lecture 8 2023.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge about antibiotic resistance and mechanisms of action with this quiz. Learn about how antibiotics work, mechanisms of resistance, and control measures.

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