Agoraphobia Quiz
285 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of anxiety disorders?

  • They are not distinct from other anxiety disorders
  • They are caused by a medical condition
  • They do not interfere with functioning
  • They involve intense fear (correct)

    • What is a panic attack?

  • A group of disorders that share high anxiety
  • An experience of intense fear with physical symptoms (correct)
  • An anticipated problem causing apprehension
  • A reaction to immediate danger

    • Which of the following is a symptom of a panic attack?

  • Sweating
  • Feeling detached from oneself
  • Fear of losing control
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which type of conditioning is responsible for a person developing a fear of similar situations after a negative social experience?

    <p>Classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive factor is associated with social anxiety disorder?

    <p>Too much attention to internal cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of treatment is effective for social anxiety disorder?

    <p>Exposure therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common worry for people with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

    <p>Relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is more likely to have GAD?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible reason why worry can be reinforcing for people with GAD?

    <p>It distracts people from negative emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment option for GAD?

    <p>Antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is particularly activated among people with anxiety disorders?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strong predictor of social anxiety disorder?

    <p>High levels of neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common additional diagnosis for all anxiety disorders?

    <p>Major depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive factor is associated with anxiety disorders?

    <p>Attention to positive cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common fear associated with agoraphobia?

    <p>Fear of closed spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gender ratio for agoraphobia?

    <p>Female: male = 2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does agoraphobia commonly have an acute onset?

    <p>20-24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a specific phobia?

    <p>Fear of flying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a behavioral factor that can contribute to the development of specific phobias?

    <p>Prepared learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment approach for specific phobias?

    <p>Cognitive-behavioral therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly affected by separation anxiety disorder?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between social anxiety disorder and shyness?

    <p>Social anxiety disorder is a fear of social situations that might involve being scrutinized or exposed to unfamiliar people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder?

    <p>Intrusively reexperiencing the traumatic event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common signs of mood and cognitive change after a traumatic event?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity associated with post-traumatic stress disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder?

    <p>The child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long must the disorder be present to be specified as persistent?

    <p>More than 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder specified as severe?

    <p>When the child exhibits all symptoms of the disorder, with each symptom manifesting at relatively high levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a specifier for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

    <p>Experiencing persistent or recurrent symptoms of depersonalization or derealization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common trauma associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD?

    <p>Sexual assault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors plays an important role in determining a person's likelihood of developing PTSD?

    <p>Severity, duration, and proximity of trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological factor can contribute to a person's vulnerability to PTSD?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain appears to be hyperreactive to trauma related stimuli in PTSD sufferers?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure plays a role in the memory and may shrink among PTSD patients?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone tends to have lower resting levels among PTSD sufferers and may prolong the activity of the sympathetic nervous system following stress?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor was found to be more likely to contribute to the development of PTSD in Vietnam War veterans if the twin was an identical twin rather than a fraternal twin?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of obsessions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

    <p>They are persistent and uncontrollable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are compulsions in OCD?

    <p>Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four major categories of compulsions in OCD?

    <p>Checking, ordering, arranging, and washing/cleaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of trichotillomania?

    <p>Urge to pull out hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Exposure and response prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of treatment for hoarding disorder (HD)?

    <p>Getting rid of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom experienced by individuals with OCD?

    <p>Excessive handwashing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?

    <p>Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common comorbid disorder seen in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?

    <p>Major depressive disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of hoarding disorder?

    <p>Great pleasure and euphoria from shopping or collecting items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of somatic symptom disorder?

    <p>Preoccupation with health or appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was illness anxiety disorder formerly known as?

    <p>Hypochondriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the diagnostic criteria for illness anxiety disorder?

    <p>Fears of having a serious disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Conversion Disorder?

    <p>Blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary gain for patients with Conversion Disorder?

    <p>Keeping internal conflicts outside awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Somatic Symptom Disorder?

    <p>Pseudocyesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain regions are hyperactive in individuals with Somatic Symptom Disorder?

    <p>Anterior insula and anterior cingulate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the model described in the text, alters in Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) can appear in response to which of the following?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a leading advocate's idea about DID being a role-play?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been established about people's capability to role-play the symptoms of DID?

    <p>People are capable of role-playing the symptoms of DID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of Factitious Disorder?

    <p>Intentionally producing physical symptoms to assume the role of a patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder?

    <p>Severe alterations or detachments in normal perceptual experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Dissociative Fugue?

    <p>Running amok and assuming a new identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

    <p>Experiencing dissociation of personality and adopting several new identities or 'alters'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe disorders characterized by gross deviations in mood?

    <p>Mood disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of a major depressive episode if left untreated?

    <p>4 to 9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which episode is characterized by exaggerated elation, joy, and euphoria?

    <p>Manic episode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which race has the highest incidence of suicide?

    <p>Caucasians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among college students, what is the leading cause of death?

    <p>Suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gender difference in suicide rates?

    <p>Men are more likely to commit suicide in all ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by alternating major depressive and manic episodes?

    <p>Bipolar I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heritability rate for bipolar disorders?

    <p>93 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is linked to both depression and mania?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain region is associated with elevated activity in people with major depressive disorder?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of a major depressive episode in persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?

    <p>2+ years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the defining criteria for depressive disorders in the DSM-5?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of onset for depression?

    <p>18-23 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

    <p>Severe recurrent temper outbursts and persistent negative mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender has a higher prevalence of mood disorders?

    <p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for bipolar disorders?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antidepressant medication is frequently used for severe depression and has many negative side effects?

    <p>Tricyclics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Cognitive Therapy for depression?

    <p>Identifying errors in thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common compensatory behavior associated with Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Excessive exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential medical consequence of repeated vomiting in individuals with Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Salivary gland enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological disorder is commonly associated with Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating disorder is characterized by marked distress because of binge eating but without extreme compensatory behaviors?

    <p>Binge Eating Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common additional diagnosis for individuals with eating disorders?

    <p>Anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has been implicated in the development of eating disorders?

    <p>Dieting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment approach for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Weight restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of insomnia disorder?

    <p>Difficulty falling asleep at bedtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of narcolepsy?

    <p>0.03% to 0.16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of obstructive sleep apnea?

    <p>Excessive sleepiness during the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of jet lag type circadian rhythm sleep disorder?

    <p>Problems related to crossing time zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sleep disorder involves sleeping on a 25- or 26-hour cycle with later and later bedtimes ultimately going throughout the day?

    <p>Non-24-hour Sleep-Wake Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a sleep disorder characterized by distressing and disturbing dreams that disrupt sleep and cause awakening?

    <p>Nightmare Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological treatment for sleep disorders involves instructing individuals in the opposite behavior from the desired outcome to relieve the performance anxiety surrounding efforts to try to fall asleep?

    <p>Paradoxical Intention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a sleep disorder characterized by muscle paralysis being absent or incomplete during REM sleep, causing the person to suddenly kick or flail their arms potentially causing injuries to themselves or their bed partner?

    <p>REM Sleep Behavior Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the brain and body's need for ever larger doses of a drug to produce earlier effects?

    <p>Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unpleasant, sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage of the drug?

    <p>Withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pattern of psychoactive substance use leading to significant distress or impairment in social and occupational roles and in hazardous situations?

    <p>Substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a stimulant drug?

    <p>MDMA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a naturally occurring hallucinogen?

    <p>Psilocybin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an inhalant?

    <p>Paint thinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by amphetamines?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is derived or synthesized from testosterone?

    <p>Anabolic-androgenic steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug blocks the reuptake of dopamine and can cause feelings of power and confidence?

    <p>Cocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and is highly addictive?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is associated with the reward system and dopamine activation?

    <p>Nucleus accumbens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of substances alters sensory perception and can produce delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations?

    <p>Hallucinogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter system affects mood, sleep, and eating behavior and is thought to be responsible for alcohol cravings?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly consumed psychoactive drug in the United States?

    <p>Stimulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Jellinek's four stage model of alcohol-related disorders involves loss of control with occasional binges?

    <p>Crucial stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is implicated in both gambling disorder and substance dependence?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which impulse-control disorder is characterized by frequent aggressive outbursts, injury and/or destruction of property, and is associated with serotonin, norepinephrine, and testosterone?

    <p>Intermittent explosive disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which impulse-control disorder involves the failure to resist the urge to steal unnecessary items and is commonly comorbid with mood disorders and substance abuse & dependence?

    <p>Kleptomania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders includes disorders with odd, aloof features?

    <p>Cluster A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of personality disorder is characterized by dramatic, impulsive, and erratic features?

    <p>Cluster B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of personality disorder is characterized by anxious and fearful features?

    <p>Cluster C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of schizoid personality disorder?

    <p>Preference for solitary jobs and limited social contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of schizotypal personality disorder?

    <p>Ideas of reference and illusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Impulsivity and deceitfulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of individuals with antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Lack of empathy and remorse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of personality includes the dimensions of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability?

    <p>Dimensional model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated prevalence of personality disorders?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender tends to display traits characterized as more aggressive, structured, self-assertive, and detached when diagnosed with a personality disorder?

    <p>Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by excessive suspiciousness and distrust of others, as well as attributing their own impulses and thoughts to others?

    <p>Paranoid personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following personality disorders is characterized by a lack of remorse and a tendency to manipulate others for personal gain?

    <p>Antisocial Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by unstable affect, mood, behavior, object relations, and self-image?

    <p>Borderline Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by attention-seeking behavior and exaggeration of thoughts and feelings?

    <p>Histrionic Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by a heightened sense of self-importance and grandiose feelings of uniqueness?

    <p>Narcissistic Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy?

    <p>Narcissistic Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by extreme sensitivity to rejection and a strong desire for uncritical acceptance?

    <p>Avoidant Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by subordinating one's own needs to those of others and a high need for reassurance?

    <p>Dependent Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by emotional constriction, orderliness, and indecisiveness?

    <p>Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by a fixation on doing things the 'right way' and a preoccupation with details?

    <p>Cluster D: Obsessive-Compulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential biological factor that may contribute to personality disorders?

    <p>Changes in electrical conductance on the electroencephalogram (EEG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanism is associated with paranoid personality disorder?

    <p>Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment approach is similar for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders includes disorders with odd, aloof features?

    <p>Cluster A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom experienced by individuals with OCD?

    <p>Fixation on doing things the 'right way' and a preoccupation with details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment approach for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Family-based therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of personality includes the dimensions of Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Emotional stability?

    <p>Five factor model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated prevalence of Personality Disorders according to Barlow (2015)?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender tends to display traits characterized as more aggressive, structured, self-assertive, and detached when diagnosed with a personality disorder?

    <p>Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for Paranoid Personality Disorder?

    <p>Cognitive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of schizoid personality disorder?

    <p>Preference for night work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of schizotypal personality disorder?

    <p>Magical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by deceitful behavior and lack of empathy?

    <p>Cluster B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of individuals with antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Impulsivity and irresponsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by a lack of remorse and a tendency to manipulate others for personal gain?

    <p>Antisocial Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment approach for specific phobias?

    <p>Exposure therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain regions are hyperactive in individuals with Somatic Symptom Disorder?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex and amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heritability rate for bipolar disorders?

    <p>50-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy?

    <p>Cluster B: Dramatic/Erratic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central clinical feature of avoidant personality disorder?

    <p>Extreme sensitivity to rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment approach for dependent personality disorder?

    <p>Gradual increases in independence and personal responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by emotional constriction, orderliness, stubbornness, and indecisiveness?

    <p>Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by a fixation on doing things the 'right way' and preoccupation with details?

    <p>Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has been implicated in the development of personality disorders?

    <p>Both biological and psychoanalytic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment approach for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Exposure and response prevention therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanism is associated with paranoid personality disorder?

    <p>Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about personality disorders?

    <p>They involve disruptive patterns of thinking, behavior, mood, and relating to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of personality disorders are there?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main clusters of personality disorders based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?

    <p>Cluster A, Cluster B, and Cluster C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by intense, unstable emotions and impulsive behaviors?

    <p>Cluster B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is more likely to affect people assigned male at birth?

    <p>Antisocial personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of adults in the U.S. have some type of personality disorder?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most frequently diagnosed personality disorder?

    <p>Borderline personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common treatment option for managing symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with personality disorders?

    <p>Psychotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a goal of psychotherapy for treating personality disorders?

    <p>Identifying and changing troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall prognosis for personality disorders?

    <p>Poor due to lack of available treatment options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can greatly improve outcomes for people with personality disorders?

    <p>Collaborative care management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of research on schizophrenia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misconception about schizophrenia?

    <p>People with schizophrenia are often homeless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common co-occurring medical condition in people with schizophrenia?

    <p>Heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do symptoms of schizophrenia usually first appear?

    <p>Early adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antipsychotic medications in treating schizophrenia?

    <p>They reduce the severity of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of family support for individuals with schizophrenia?

    <p>It helps them develop life-management skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder involves a person having false beliefs (delusions) that persist for at least one month?

    <p>Delusional disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder involves a sudden short period of psychotic behavior that lasts between one day and one month?

    <p>Brief psychotic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder involves symptoms similar to schizophrenia but only lasts for a short time, at least one month but less than six months?

    <p>Schizophreniform disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder involves symptoms of both schizophrenia and a major mood episode of depression or bipolar disorder?

    <p>Schizoaffective disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is now commonly used to describe a group of conditions that frequently lead to impaired mental function?

    <p>Neurocognitive disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of neurocognitive disorders?

    <p>Alzheimer’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can healthcare providers determine the underlying cause of neurocognitive disorders?

    <p>Based on the reported symptoms and diagnostic tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder?

    <p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of development do neurodevelopmental disorders usually onset?

    <p>Teenage years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gender difference in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>More prevalent in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment method that has shown benefits for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key risk factor in the development of neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of adults engaging in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>36-38%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of the study mentioned in the text?

    <p>Parental interviews as the only measure of evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals typically reports feeling a greater amount of stress?

    <p>Parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly affected group in terms of mental health when parents experience stress?

    <p>Mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some positive interventions that can help parents manage and cope with the stress of caring for a child with an ND?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be an additional attribute to the quality of life for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders?

    <p>Effective coping and treatment methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of human resource development (HRD)?

    <p>Aligning employee growth with organizational goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of human resource managers according to the text?

    <p>Creating systems to organize people within an organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes human resource development (HRD) from human resource management (HRM)?

    <p>HRD aligns employee development with organizational goals while HRM focuses on employee oversight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the HR department within an organization?

    <p>To serve as a link between the organization and its employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of human resource development?

    <p>Training and aligning employee development with organizational goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of training and development managers?

    <p>Supervising specialists and overseeing training programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of obtaining a master's in HRD?

    <p>Becoming more competitive for certain roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key similarity between human resource management and human resource development?

    <p>Involvement in problem solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential career path for someone with a background in HRM?

    <p>General HR manager or specialist in benefits, payroll, or recruiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential career path for HRD experts?

    <p>Training and development specialist or manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential educational background for a career in human resources?

    <p>Bachelor’s or master’s in human resource development or a related discipline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of obtaining a master's in HR?

    <p>Becoming more competitive for certain roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected growth rate in job opportunities for HR managers between 2020 and 2030 according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)?

    <p>9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median annual salary for HR managers in 2021 according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)?

    <p>$126,230</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of HR development (HRD)?

    <p>Employee development and training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential requirement for becoming an HR manager?

    <p>Bachelor's degree in human resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do instructional coordinators play in HR development (HRD)?

    <p>Developing training programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median salary for training and development managers per year?

    <p>$120,130</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of HRD according to the provided text?

    <p>Improving learning and performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do HR managers oversee in their role?

    <p>Talent development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional preparation for managerial roles can graduate programs like Master of Human Resources Management (MHRM) or Master of Business Administration (MBA) with a focus in HR provide?

    <p>Leadership and management skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of HR developers?

    <p>Overseeing employee development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of HRM according to the provided text?

    <p>Managing the intersection of business and people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential role of HR managers in addressing employee relations?

    <p>Conflict resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential strategy to minimize social loafing within a team?

    <p>Implement a reward system that recognizes individual and group achievements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an organization foster a collaborative team culture?

    <p>Encourage open communication and active participation in group discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of incorporating individual assessments in the overall group performance review?

    <p>Identifying and addressing social loafing on an individual level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to periodically rotate roles and responsibilities within a team?

    <p>To ensure each member remains engaged and accountable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the ways to prevent social loafing?

    <p>Clearly define roles and expectations for each team member</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social loafing affect group performance?

    <p>It leads to a decrease in overall group performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of promoting a positive group identity in preventing social loafing?

    <p>It fosters a sense of team identity and reduces the likelihood of social loafing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does providing feedback help in preventing social loafing?

    <p>It offers constructive feedback on individual and group performance to address issues and maintain individual accountability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population?

    <p>Adults aged 65 and above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected increase in the lifespan of a current 65-year-old individual?

    <p>19 more years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 2020, what fraction of the population is projected to be aged 65 and above?

    <p>1/4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been the increase in the lifespan since 1950 for the aging population?

    <p>5.5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the United States population is projected to be 65 years and older by 2030?

    <p>4.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected percentage of the global population aged 65 and older by 2050?

    <p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average life expectancy worldwide in 2015?

    <p>71.4 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the life expectancy for females in the United States in 2012?

    <p>81.9 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age category in late adulthood is characterized by increased health problems and care needs?

    <p>Oldest-old (85-99)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected percentage of the population aged 65 and older in Japan by 2050?

    <p>27.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary gender difference in life expectancy?

    <p>Females have better immune functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the age category 'Centenarians (100+)'?

    <p>Good health until 90s, rapid terminal decline close to death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of older adults have hypertension?

    <p>56.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health concern in late adulthood is characterized by bone fragility and hunched posture?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health condition in late adulthood is caused by reactivation of the chicken pox virus?

    <p>Shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of newly diagnosed cancer in individuals aged 65 and above?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health concern in late adulthood is characterized by difficulty breathing due to damaged airways?

    <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of cardiovascular problems in late adulthood?

    <p>Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Motor tremors and difficulty moving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended amount of sleep for older adults per night?

    <p>7-9 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of restless legs syndrome?

    <p>Tingling, crawling feeling in legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>6.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the brain's weight from ages 20 to 90?

    <p>Loses 5% to 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of shingles?

    <p>Reactivation of chicken pox virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of aging includes the cellular clock theory and hormonal stress theory?

    <p>Programmed longevity theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gradual loss of taste buds in late adulthood?

    <p>Presbygeusia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vision condition in late adulthood can lead to loss of central or peripheral vision?

    <p>Macular degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for height loss in late adulthood?

    <p>Bone, muscle, and joint changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which change in late adulthood is characterized by thinning, slower healing, and increased risk of skin cancer?

    <p>Skin and hair changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reduced or altered sensations of vibration, temperature, and pressure in late adulthood?

    <p>Tactile changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical change in late adulthood can lead to weakness, loss of stamina, and increased frailty?

    <p>Sarcopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for changes in body composition in late adulthood?

    <p>Loss of lean tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition affects 60%-75% of elders but they are generally less sensitive to it?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for reduced kidney efficiency in late adulthood?

    <p>Damage/error theories of aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decreased olfactory receptor neurons in late adulthood?

    <p>Presbyosmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for hearing changes like presbycusis and tinnitus in late adulthood?

    <p>Damage to inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to experience a healthy sex life in later life?

    <p>Keep sexually active at younger ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory shows greater age-related declines than semantic memory?

    <p>Working memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prospective memory primarily associated with?

    <p>Remembering things to do in the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the

    <p>Episodic memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory attributes age-related cognitive differences to changes in sensory functioning and speed of information processing?

    <p>Processing speed theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing intelligence and wisdom in late adulthood?

    <p>Brain functioning and experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neurocognitive disorders previously called?

    <p>Dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which memory function is most negatively affected by age?

    <p>Working memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects attention in older adults?

    <p>Changes in sensory functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context do older adults use more effective problem-solving strategies than younger adults?

    <p>Social and emotional contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of neurocognitive disorder?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to use accumulated practical knowledge for good judgment?

    <p>Wisdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurocognitive disorder is caused by microscopic protein deposits in neurons affecting neurotransmitters?

    <p>Neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of adults aged 65+ were employed or actively seeking employment in 2015?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the average retirement age occur?

    <p>65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of retirement involves distinct experiences such as the honeymoon phase and disenchantment phase?

    <p>Actual retirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some post-retirement activities mentioned in the text?

    <p>Seeking educational experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary psychosocial task in late adulthood according to Erikson's theory?

    <p>Integrity vs. despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ageism refer to?

    <p>Prejudice based on age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may older adults, especially nonwhite elders, face due to gender, marital status, race, and age differences?

    <p>Increased risk of poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What living arrangement is most common for elders in late adulthood?

    <p>Living with adult children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Erikson's concept of integrity signify?

    <p>Finding meaning in one's life and accepting accomplishments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does activity theory suggest leads to greater life satisfaction in late adulthood?

    <p>Staying active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What continues in late adulthood according to the text?

    <p>Generativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Resource Management and Development Overview

    • HR managers aim to foster talent, maximize profit, and achieve company-wide goals while managing the intersection of business and people.
    • The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a 9% growth in job opportunities for HR managers between 2020 and 2030, with a median annual salary of $126,230 in 2021.
    • HRM seeks to build, maintain, and improve the relationship between an organization and its employees, addressing diversity, inclusion, career paths, and problem-solving.
    • HR managers oversee tasks such as recruiting, onboarding, talent development, and ensuring legal compliance, often assisting other managers and resolving disputes.
    • Requirements for becoming an HR manager include a bachelor's degree in human resources, though some organizations may prefer a graduate degree or professional certifications.
    • Graduate programs like Master of Human Resources Management (MHRM) or Master of Business Administration (MBA) with a focus in HR can provide additional preparation for managerial roles.
    • HR development (HRD) focuses on employee development through organization-wide activities and training, with roles such as instructional coordinators, training specialists, and program developers.
    • HRD aims to improve learning and performance on both individual and organizational levels, addressing problems and developing systems to resolve them.
    • HR developers oversee training, employee development, executive and leadership development, human performance technology, and organizational learning within the HR branch.
    • Their responsibilities may include creating training programs, attracting and retaining talent, and planning organizational development activities, requiring a background in HR development for specialized training and general HR positions.
    • Instructional coordinators earn a median salary of $63,740 per year, with a 10% growth rate projected between 2020 and 2030, while training and development managers earn a median salary of $120,130 per year.
    • HRD plays a critical role in improving learning and performance on individual and organizational levels, addressing problems, and developing systems to address them.

    Late Adulthood: Retirement, Psychosocial Development, Ageism, and Living Arrangements

    • Types of neurocognitive disorders include Vascular neurocognitive disorder caused by blockage of cerebral blood vessels, and Neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies caused by microscopic protein deposits in neurons affecting neurotransmitters.
    • In 2015, 8.8 million adults aged 65+ were employed or actively seeking employment, with older workers exhibiting lower absenteeism and better performance in jobs requiring social skills and knowledge.
    • The average retirement age is 65, but 18.5% of adults over 65 continue to work, and 60% transition to bridge jobs before full retirement.
    • Retirement stages include the remote pre-retirement phase, immediate pre-retirement phase, actual retirement, honeymoon phase, disenchantment phase, and reorientation phase, each with distinct experiences.
    • Post-retirement activities include staying active, seeking educational experiences, and additional training for encore careers.
    • Psychosocial development in late adulthood involves stereotypes, Erikson's psychosocial task of integrity vs despair, self-concept, self-esteem, sources of despair and regret, and paths to integrity.
    • Generativity continues in late adulthood, with relationships with children and family members, singlehood, marriage, widowhood, divorce, remarriage, residential living, friendships, and concerns like abuse and mental health issues.
    • Ageism, prejudice based on age, can impact well-being through stereotypes, self-fulfilling prophecies, stereotype threat, and may affect treatment-seeking behavior.
    • Older adults, especially nonwhite elders, may face poverty due to gender, marital status, race, and age differences.
    • Living arrangements in late adulthood show that a majority of elders live with a spouse, while intergenerational households are unlikely, and the number of elders living alone has declined since 1990.
    • Erikson's concept of integrity vs despair involves retrospective accounting of life, where integrity signifies finding meaning in one's life and accepting accomplishments, while despair can result from bitterness and resentment.
    • Activity theory suggests that staying active leads to greater life satisfaction, better physical and mental health, and a sense of purpose and social connections. Generativity in late life involves volunteering and grandparents raising grandchildren, which may be challenging.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    PSY110P-Chapter-5a-Anxiety-Disorders.pptx
    PSY110P-Chapter-5b-Trauma-and-Stressor-Related-Disorder.pptx
    PSY110P-Chapter-5c-Obsessive-Compulsive-and-Related-Disorders.pptx
    PSY110P-Chapter-6-Somatic-Symptom-and-Related-Disorders.pptx
    PSY110P-Chapter-7-Mood-Disorders-and-Suicide.pptx
    PSY110P-Chapter-8-Eating-Disorders-and-Sleep-Wake-Disorders.pptx
    PSY110P-Chapter-11-Substance-Related-and-Addictive-Disorders.pptx
    PSY110P-Chapter-12-Personality-Disorders.pptx
    PSY110P-Chapter-12-Personality-Disorders.pptx
    Chapter 9 - Late Adulthood (1).pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on agoraphobia, a type of anxiety disorder characterized by fear and avoidance of situations that may be difficult to escape. Learn about symptoms, causes, and treatment options in this informative quiz.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser