Agile Software Development Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Scrum as a project management framework?

  • Minimizing cycle times in software development
  • Managing iterative development (correct)
  • Standardizing project documentation
  • Defining specific agile practices

What occurs during the initial phase of the Scrum process?

  • Evaluating sprint outcomes
  • Creating detailed user stories
  • Release of the final product
  • Planning general objectives and designing software architecture (correct)

How many members can be part of a Scrum development team at maximum?

  • 5 members
  • 7 members (correct)
  • 8 members
  • 10 members

What characterizes a potentially shippable product increment in Scrum?

<p>No further work is needed to incorporate it into the final product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the product backlog in Scrum?

<p>A list of 'to do' items for the Scrum team (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Product Owner in Scrum?

<p>To identify, prioritize, and review product requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of Scrum are the required documentation and lessons learned assessed?

<p>Project closure phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the Development Team in Scrum?

<p>They are self-organizing with up to 7 members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge when scaling up to large systems in agile development?

<p>Implementing a single product owner for the entire project (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is essential for managing cross-team communication in a multi-team Scrum environment?

<p>Scrum of Scrums (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT a key element of Multi-team Scrum?

<p>Independent team architectures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must happen before a build is accepted in extreme programming?

<p>All tests must run successfully. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a long-lifetime system require additional documentation?

<p>To facilitate support team understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the limitations of agile methods for large systems?

<p>They work best with co-located teams that communicate informally. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often are increments delivered to customers in extreme programming?

<p>Every two weeks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of creating 'user stories' in extreme programming?

<p>To assess requirements and costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key expectation when implementing cross-team communication mechanisms?

<p>Designing and using effective communication strategies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'project velocity' help determine after the first increment?

<p>Subsequent delivery dates for additional increments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of system development may require more detailed design analysis?

<p>Systems needing substantial initial analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary step to maintain system stability during agile processes for large systems?

<p>Ensuring frequent system builds and regular releases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice emphasizes developing the minimum useful set of functionality first?

<p>Small releases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage do developers use an automated unit test framework?

<p>Test-first development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice ensures that code is continuously improved by developers?

<p>Refactoring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of pair programming?

<p>To check each other’s work and provide support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of sprints in Scrum?

<p>2-4 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role is responsible for representing the voice of the customer in Scrum?

<p>Product Owner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the Scrum framework?

<p>Testing and documentation occur during development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core role in Scrum?

<p>Quality Assurance Lead (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the daily meetings in Scrum?

<p>To share progress and plan for the next day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the product backlog represent in the Scrum framework?

<p>An ordered list of all remaining requirements or stories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Scrum Master support the Scrum process?

<p>By arranging daily meetings and tracking the backlog (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Scrum meetings is true?

<p>Meetings are very short and sometimes conducted without chairs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily focused on by developers during a sprint?

<p>The sprint backlog (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Scrum event allows the team to synchronize and ask for help?

<p>Daily Scrum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'increment' refer to in Scrum?

<p>The completed requirements from all sprints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the three pillars of Scrum that emphasizes making the process visible?

<p>Transparency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which event does the product owner identify what has been done in the sprint?

<p>Sprint review (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does breaking the product down into manageable chunks provide?

<p>It facilitates easier management of unstable requirements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of a daily Scrum meeting?

<p>15 minutes or less (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the development team play during the sprint review?

<p>They demonstrate the completed work. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the user involvement in the Agile development process?

<p>User involvement is frequent and crucial throughout the whole process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the communication approach in Plan Driven processes?

<p>Relies mainly on documents and formal memos. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the complexity of processes in Agile compare to Plan Driven approaches?

<p>Agile processes are relatively low in complexity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which development scenario is best suited for a Plan Driven process?

<p>Large projects requiring strict documentation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in documentation between Agile and Plan Driven processes?

<p>Agile requires less documentation than Plan Driven. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which team dynamic is more suitable for Agile development?

<p>Team members who are good citizens and can adapt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of project size, how does Agile scale compared to Plan Driven methods?

<p>Plan Driven can scale up or down based on project size. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Plan Driven development regarding process overhead?

<p>It is characterized by high process overhead. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

User Stories

Short descriptions of features or functionalities from a user's perspective. Used to prioritize and plan development.

Agile Software Development

An iterative approach to software development that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and frequent delivery of working software.

Increment

A small, working version of the software containing new functionality delivered at regular intervals.

Project Velocity

A measure of the amount of work an agile team completes in a specific time frame; used to predict future delivery dates.

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Incremental Planning

A software development approach where requirements are broken down into small, manageable tasks and prioritized for each release.

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Small Releases

Delivering small, valuable increments of software to customers frequently.

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Test-First Development

Writing automated tests before the code they test, ensuring that the code meets specific requirements.

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Refactoring

Improving the internal structure of the code without changing its external behavior.

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Pair Programming

Two developers working together on the same codebase, enhancing communication and quality.

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Scrum

An agile method providing a project management framework focused on iterative development.

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Sprint Cycles

Iterative development cycles in Scrum, producing increments of the system

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Product Backlog

List of tasks, features, or requirements to be completed in a project.

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Development Team (in Scrum)

Self-organizing team of developers (no more than 7 people) responsible for software and project documents.

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Potentially Shippable Increment

A software increment ready to be incorporated into the final product needing no further work.

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Product Owner

Individual responsible for identifying product requirements and prioritizing them for development.

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Scrum

An agile framework for managing software development projects, characterized by short cycles of work (sprints), continuous testing, and close collaboration.

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Sprint

A short, time-boxed iteration in a Scrum project focused on delivering a potentially shippable product increment.

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Product Owner

Represents the customer's needs and priorities, ensuring the team delivers value to the business.

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Development Team

The group of software engineers responsible for building the product during a sprint.

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Scrum Master

Facilitates the Scrum process, removes impediments, and ensures adherence to the framework.

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Product Backlog

An ordered list of all features and requirements for a product, prioritized by the Product Owner.

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Daily Scrum

A short daily meeting (usually 15 minutes) where the team discusses progress, obstacles, and plans for the day.

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Sprint Backlog

Ordered list of tasks for the current sprint, broken down into small, manageable tasks (4-16 hours).

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Increment

Sum of all requirements implemented in a sprint and previous sprints. A shippable, but potentially not complete, project.

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Transparency (Scrum)

Making the software development process visible, agreeing on what constitutes completed tasks.

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Inspection (Scrum)

Evaluating the work done, deliverables, and progress in Scrum.

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Adaptation (Scrum)

Correcting deviations in the development process.

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Sprint Planning Meeting

Meeting where the product owner and team decide what will be developed in the sprint.

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Daily Scrum

Short (15 minutes or less) meeting where team members sync on progress, identify roadblocks, and ask for help.

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Sprint Review

Meeting at the end of a sprint to review completed work and adapt the product backlog.

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Manageable Chunks

Breaking down a product into smaller, understandable parts.

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Unstable requirements

Requirements that will change unexpectedly.

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Scaling large systems

Large-scale software development needs multiple teams, product architects, and aligned releases for effective outcomes.

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Multi-team Scrum

Multi-team Scrum involves replicated roles (Product Owner and Scrum Master) for each team, product architects across those teams, aligned releases, and regular Scrum of Scrums.

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Agile vs. Plan-Based

Agile emphasizes flexibility and adaptability, contrasting with plan-based approaches that generally prioritize detailed upfront planning.

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System Size (Impact on Agile)

Agile works best for smaller, co-located teams due to informal communication needs; larger systems necessitate more structured approaches.

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System Type (Impact on Agile)

Complex systems requiring extensive analysis and design up-front may not be as easily handled by agile methodologies which might require more design.

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System Lifetime (Impact on Documentation)

Long-lifetime systems need comprehensive documentation for future support teams; short-term systems might need less.

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System Regulations

Regulated systems often require extensive documentation to comply with external requirements and safety standards.

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Team Competence

The skill level of development team members significantly impacts a project's success, influencing the approach and methods used.

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Agile Design

An iterative software development approach emphasizing flexibility and frequent user involvement.

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Plan-Driven Design

Up-front, formal software design that is planned thoroughly before development.

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Agile User Involvement

Continuous and crucial user participation throughout the project.

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Plan-Driven User Involvement

User input mainly at beginning and end of development

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Agile Communication

Informal and frequent communication during the project.

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Plan-Driven Communication

Project communication largely via formal documents and meetings.

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Agile Process Complexity

Relatively simple process with low overhead.

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Plan-Driven Process Complexity

High process complexity, with many artifacts, disciplines, roles and phases.

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Agile Documentation

Minimal documentation, prioritizing source code as the main documentation.

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Plan-Driven Documentation

Formal and detailed documentation for every project phase.

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Agile Project Scope

Small-scale, limited to a small team (up to 10 people).

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Plan-Driven Project Scope

Better suited to larger projects; more complex scope.

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Agile Criticality

Suitable for projects with relatively low criticality.

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Plan-Driven Criticality

Suitable for mission-critical systems with careful adaptation.

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Agile Team Players

Suitable for collaborative team players.

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Plan-Driven Team Players

Handles diverse personalities adhering to project guidelines.

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Study Notes

Agile Software Development Overview

  • Agile methods focus on rapid development and delivery
  • Agile development techniques include various approaches like Adaptive Software Development (ASD), Agile Unified Process (AUP), Crystal Methods, Disciplined Agile Delivery, Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM), Extreme Programming (XP), Feature Driven Development (FDD), Lean software development, and Scrum.
  • Agile project management focuses on adapting to changing requirements rather than preset plans
  • Agile development is appropriate for new development, not necessarily maintenance
  • Businesses prefer rapid development and delivery, making stable software requirements difficult to achieve

Agility Definition

  • Effective (rapid and adaptive) response to change
  • Effective communication among all stakeholders
  • Drawing the customer onto the team
  • Organizing a team so that it is in control of the work performed

Why Agile?

  • Traditional software processes suffer from lengthy development times (1-5 years), making projects outdated by the time they are released.
  • Traditional methods struggle to adapt to changing requirements
  • Traditional systems assume a full understanding of requirements before the project starts, often leading to incomplete and inaccurate requirements.

Agile vs. Plan-Driven Development

  • Plan-driven development is based on separate stages with predefined outputs
  • Agile development features interleaved specification, design, implementation, and testing where outputs are based on negotiation during development.

Extreme Programming (XP)

  • A very influential agile method

  • XP focuses on an iterative development approach

  • New releases of increments are frequent (e.g., every two weeks)

  • All tests must run successfully for each build for it to be released

  • XP planning follows "user stories"

  • There is an incremental planning process

XP Practices

  • Incremental planning: Requirements are recorded on story cards and the versions are created according to the time and priority associated with the storycards.
  • Small releases: Initial features that give value to users are implemented first. Frequent releases are typical.
  • Simple design: Design only as much as needed for the current feature set to minimize the design duration.
  • Test-first development: Automated unit test frameworks are used to write tests for the required functionality before the feature is implemented.
  • Refactoring: Continuous adjustments to ensure code remains clean and simple and maintainable.
  • Pair programming: Two programmers work on code together.

Scrum

  • Scrum is an agile method suitable for managing iterative development.
  • It involves three main phases: outline planning and design, sprint cycles (iterative work), and project closure.

Other Agile Method Details

  • Customer Involvement: Customers actively participate throughout the project, defining requirements and evaluating new releases
  • Incremental Delivery: The delivered system is built in increments, allowing for early input from clients
  • People not Processes: Agile values the skills of the team over strict processes
  • Embrace Change: Agile adapts to changes in requirements as they arise
  • Maintain Simplicity: The system is designed with simplicity in mind, with a focus on eliminating complexity

Scaling Agile Methods

  • Agile methods work best for small, co-located teams
  • Scaling up to larger, distributed projects requires adjustments to cope with multiple teams, larger scope, diverse stakeholders, and organizational structure

Factors Affecting Agile in Large Systems

  • System of systems: Managing multiple, interacting systems.
  • Brownfield development: Adapting to existing systems
  • Diverse stakeholders: Dealing with differing needs
  • Prolonged procurement: Long, extended development cycles

Distributed Scrum

  • Video conferencing for communication
  • Real-time communication for informal interaction

Multi-team Scrum

  • Role replication: Each team has a product owner & scrum master
  • Product architects: Collaboration on a cohesive design
  • Release alignment: Release dates are aligned between teams
  • Scrum of scrums: Regular meeting of team representatives for overall progress

Agile vs. Plan-Driven Discussion

  • Agile: Aims for flexibility, addresses changing requirements, and emphasizes collaboration and frequent feedback.
  • Plan-driven: Focuses on detailed upfront planning, assumes stable requirements, and emphasizes documentation and formal processes.

System Issues in Agile

  • Scale: Suitable for smaller, co-located teams.
  • Type: May require extensive analysis for complex systems
  • Lifetime: Detailed documentation is important for long-lived systems.
  • Regulations: Bureaucratic and regulatory issues can affect agile implementations.

People and Teams (Agile)

  • Competence: Requires skilled teams able to adapt.
  • Distribution: Design documents may be necessary for distributed teams
  • Technology: Good development tools for collaboration.

Agile vs. Plan-Driven: Balancing Considerations

  • Scope, size, and complexity of a project inform the development method best suited for the project, i.e. agile vs. plan-driven

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Agile Software Development PDF

Description

This quiz provides an overview of Agile software development methodologies, focusing on their adaptive nature and various techniques such as Scrum and Extreme Programming. Explore how Agile enhances project management by prioritizing rapid delivery and customer collaboration. Understand the importance of effective communication and team organization in achieving agility.

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