Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the hallmark signs of acute inflammation?
What are the hallmark signs of acute inflammation?
- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
- Heat, redness, swelling, and pain (correct)
- Fever, chills, fatigue, and headache
- Pallor, dizziness, shortness of breath, and sweating
What happens shortly after an injury that leads to a rise in temperature in the affected area?
What happens shortly after an injury that leads to a rise in temperature in the affected area?
- Decreased heart rate
- Coagulation of blood
- Vasodilation and increased blood flow (correct)
- Constriction of blood vessels
What is the term for the passage of cells from the blood vessels into the injured tissue?
What is the term for the passage of cells from the blood vessels into the injured tissue?
- Hemostasis
- Thrombolysis
- Extravasation (correct)
- Hematopoiesis
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through toxic gases and acids?
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through toxic gases and acids?
What role do leukocytes play in the process of inflammation?
What role do leukocytes play in the process of inflammation?
Which term refers to the loss of function associated with acute inflammation?
Which term refers to the loss of function associated with acute inflammation?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines induce fever and stress hormone production?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines induce fever and stress hormone production?
What is the role of IL-6 in response to TNFα and IL-1?
What is the role of IL-6 in response to TNFα and IL-1?
Which complement components play a role in increasing vascular permeability?
Which complement components play a role in increasing vascular permeability?
What do TNFα and IL-1 induce the synthesis of?
What do TNFα and IL-1 induce the synthesis of?
How do pro-inflammatory cytokines activate the coagulation cascade?
How do pro-inflammatory cytokines activate the coagulation cascade?
What is the function of PGE in the context of inflammation?
What is the function of PGE in the context of inflammation?
What are kinins involved in, particularly bradykinin?
What are kinins involved in, particularly bradykinin?
What is the primary function of clotting factors?
What is the primary function of clotting factors?
What occurs during the vascular stage of inflammation?
What occurs during the vascular stage of inflammation?
What is the primary role of neutrophils and macrophages during the cellular stage of inflammation?
What is the primary role of neutrophils and macrophages during the cellular stage of inflammation?
What is the primary function of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) in the context of inflammation?
What is the primary function of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) in the context of inflammation?
What occurs during the process of leukocyte trafficking?
What occurs during the process of leukocyte trafficking?
What is a mechanism by which inflammation termination occurs?
What is a mechanism by which inflammation termination occurs?
What molecules are upregulated during the termination of inflammation?
What molecules are upregulated during the termination of inflammation?
What are the potential outcomes of inflammation?
What are the potential outcomes of inflammation?
What occurs at the end stages of inflammation?
What occurs at the end stages of inflammation?
What is a consequence of extensive tissue destruction during inflammation?
What is a consequence of extensive tissue destruction during inflammation?
What occurs during chronic inflammation?
What occurs during chronic inflammation?
What is required for extravasation of leukocytes from blood vessels into inflamed tissues?
What is required for extravasation of leukocytes from blood vessels into inflamed tissues?
Which family of proteins are selectins part of?
Which family of proteins are selectins part of?
Which selectin is primarily expressed on endothelial cells during inflammation?
Which selectin is primarily expressed on endothelial cells during inflammation?
Which type of molecules do selectins bind to on leukocytes?
Which type of molecules do selectins bind to on leukocytes?
What type of proteins are integrins?
What type of proteins are integrins?
Deficiency in which integrin chain leads to leukocyte adhesion deficiency?
Deficiency in which integrin chain leads to leukocyte adhesion deficiency?
Which type of CAMs contain both Ig-like domains and mucin domains?
Which type of CAMs contain both Ig-like domains and mucin domains?
What is responsible for leukocyte migration to the mucosa?
What is responsible for leukocyte migration to the mucosa?
What process involves leukocytes loosely binding to selectin E and P on endothelial cells during inflammation?
What process involves leukocytes loosely binding to selectin E and P on endothelial cells during inflammation?
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through biological means?
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through biological means?
Which of the following is NOT part of the hallmark signs of acute inflammation as described by the Romans?
Which of the following is NOT part of the hallmark signs of acute inflammation as described by the Romans?
Which of the following is responsible for leukocytes adhering to the endothelium in the injured area?
Which of the following is responsible for leukocytes adhering to the endothelium in the injured area?
Which of the following is NOT a biological agent that can cause acute inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a biological agent that can cause acute inflammation?
Which of the following is responsible for increasing vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following is responsible for increasing vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following is responsible for the loss of function associated with acute inflammation?
Which of the following is responsible for the loss of function associated with acute inflammation?
Which prostaglandin promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?
Which prostaglandin promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?
Which leukotriene is a potent chemoattractant of neutrophils?
Which leukotriene is a potent chemoattractant of neutrophils?
Which molecule among the following is not responsible for causing dilation and increased permeability of capillaries?
Which molecule among the following is not responsible for causing dilation and increased permeability of capillaries?
Which of the following is not a function of Platelet-activating factor (PAF)?
Which of the following is not a function of Platelet-activating factor (PAF)?
Which of the following does NOT increase vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following does NOT increase vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following does NOT induce fever and stress hormone production?
Which of the following does NOT induce fever and stress hormone production?
What is a mechanism that contributes to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory molecules during inflammation termination?
What is a mechanism that contributes to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory molecules during inflammation termination?
Which mechanism is responsible for the initiation of apoptosis in neutrophils during inflammation termination?
Which mechanism is responsible for the initiation of apoptosis in neutrophils during inflammation termination?
What is the primary function of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta during inflammation termination?
What is the primary function of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta during inflammation termination?
What process contributes to the termination of inflammation by promoting the departure of macrophages through the lymphatics?
What process contributes to the termination of inflammation by promoting the departure of macrophages through the lymphatics?
Which mechanism plays a role in reducing neutrophil recruitment during inflammation termination?
Which mechanism plays a role in reducing neutrophil recruitment during inflammation termination?
What is the primary role of IL-4 and IL-10 during inflammation termination?
What is the primary role of IL-4 and IL-10 during inflammation termination?
What is the primary function of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the context of inflammation?
What is the primary function of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the context of inflammation?
What is the main role of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the process of inflammation?
What is the main role of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the process of inflammation?
Which of the following processes is not directly mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines during inflammation?
Which of the following processes is not directly mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines during inflammation?
What is the primary function of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) during inflammation?
What is the primary function of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) during inflammation?
Which of the following is not a consequence of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following is not a consequence of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
What is the role of complement components C3a and C5a during inflammation?
What is the role of complement components C3a and C5a during inflammation?
Which selectin is primarily expressed on leukocytes of blood cells?
Which selectin is primarily expressed on leukocytes of blood cells?
Which integrin chain deficiency leads to leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)?
Which integrin chain deficiency leads to leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)?
Which selectin is synthesized de novo following stimulation by e.g., cytokines?
Which selectin is synthesized de novo following stimulation by e.g., cytokines?
Which phase of leukocyte extravasation involves leukocytes loosely binding to selectin E and P on endothelial cells?
Which phase of leukocyte extravasation involves leukocytes loosely binding to selectin E and P on endothelial cells?
Which selectin is released when the granules fuse with the endothelial cell membrane?
Which selectin is released when the granules fuse with the endothelial cell membrane?
Which type of CAMs contain both Ig-like domains and mucin domains?
Which type of CAMs contain both Ig-like domains and mucin domains?
Which complement components play a role in increasing vascular permeability?
Which complement components play a role in increasing vascular permeability?
Which selectin is not expressed on the endothelium during inflammation?
Which selectin is not expressed on the endothelium during inflammation?
Which CAM is responsible for migration of leukocytes to the mucosa?
Which CAM is responsible for migration of leukocytes to the mucosa?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines induce fever and stress hormone production?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines induce fever and stress hormone production?
What is the primary function of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1?
What is the primary function of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1?
Which molecules are involved in increasing vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which molecules are involved in increasing vascular permeability during inflammation?
What is the role of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in response to TNFα and IL-1?
What is the role of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in response to TNFα and IL-1?
Which molecules stimulate chemotaxis of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes?
Which molecules stimulate chemotaxis of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes?
Which component plays a role in activating the classical pathway during inflammation?
Which component plays a role in activating the classical pathway during inflammation?
What is a consequence of pro-inflammatory cytokines activating the coagulation cascade?
What is a consequence of pro-inflammatory cytokines activating the coagulation cascade?
What is one of the mechanisms involved in inflammation termination?
What is one of the mechanisms involved in inflammation termination?
During the resolution of inflammation, which molecules are responsible for inducing downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines?
During the resolution of inflammation, which molecules are responsible for inducing downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines?
What is the role of resolvins and protectins synthesized from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in inflammation termination?
What is the role of resolvins and protectins synthesized from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in inflammation termination?
What is the outcome of chronic inflammation?
What is the outcome of chronic inflammation?
Which molecules are involved in the upregulation during the inflammation termination process?
Which molecules are involved in the upregulation during the inflammation termination process?
What is the main role of apoptosis during inflammation termination?
What is the main role of apoptosis during inflammation termination?
What is the meaning of the suffix 'itis' in medical terms?
What is the meaning of the suffix 'itis' in medical terms?
Which disease is characterized by the inflammation of the mammary gland?
Which disease is characterized by the inflammation of the mammary gland?
What is a hallmark diagnostic feature of acute mastitis?
What is a hallmark diagnostic feature of acute mastitis?
What is the purpose of the California Mastitis Test (CMT)?
What is the purpose of the California Mastitis Test (CMT)?
Which of the following is not a common cause of mastitis?
Which of the following is not a common cause of mastitis?
What is the primary role of leukocytes in the context of mastitis?
What is the primary role of leukocytes in the context of mastitis?
What is the primary role of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) during inflammation?
What is the primary role of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) during inflammation?
Which prostaglandin promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?
Which prostaglandin promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through biological means?
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through biological means?
What is the term for the passage of cells from the blood vessels into the injured tissue?
What is the term for the passage of cells from the blood vessels into the injured tissue?
What role do leukocytes play in the process of inflammation?
What role do leukocytes play in the process of inflammation?
What is the primary function of clotting factors?
What is the primary function of clotting factors?
Which stage of inflammation involves the movement of leukocytes into the area of injury?
Which stage of inflammation involves the movement of leukocytes into the area of injury?
Which of the following is a consequence of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following is a consequence of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which cells are the first to arrive at the site of infection during inflammation?
Which cells are the first to arrive at the site of infection during inflammation?
Which of the following is involved in the process of leukocyte trafficking to the site of inflammation?
Which of the following is involved in the process of leukocyte trafficking to the site of inflammation?
Which of the following is responsible for the production of fibrin peptides during the final steps of the clotting process?
Which of the following is responsible for the production of fibrin peptides during the final steps of the clotting process?
Which of the following is a consequence of the cell adhesion molecules (CAM) on endothelial cells during inflammation?
Which of the following is a consequence of the cell adhesion molecules (CAM) on endothelial cells during inflammation?
Flashcards
What are the hallmark signs of acute inflammation?
What are the hallmark signs of acute inflammation?
Heat, redness, swelling, and pain.
What happens shortly after an injury that causes a rise in temperature in the affected area?
What happens shortly after an injury that causes a rise in temperature in the affected area?
Vasodilation and increased blood flow.
What is the term for the passage of cells from the blood vessels into the injured tissue?
What is the term for the passage of cells from the blood vessels into the injured tissue?
The passage of cells from the blood vessels into the injured tissue.
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through toxic gases and acids?
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through toxic gases and acids?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What role do leukocytes play in the process of inflammation?
What role do leukocytes play in the process of inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which term refers to the loss of function associated with acute inflammation?
Which term refers to the loss of function associated with acute inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines induce fever and stress hormone production?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines induce fever and stress hormone production?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the role of IL-6 in response to TNFα and IL-1?
What is the role of IL-6 in response to TNFα and IL-1?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which complement components play a role in increasing vascular permeability?
Which complement components play a role in increasing vascular permeability?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What do TNFα and IL-1 induce the synthesis of?
What do TNFα and IL-1 induce the synthesis of?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do pro-inflammatory cytokines activate the coagulation cascade?
How do pro-inflammatory cytokines activate the coagulation cascade?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the function of PGE in the context of inflammation?
What is the function of PGE in the context of inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are kinins involved in, particularly bradykinin?
What are kinins involved in, particularly bradykinin?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the primary function of clotting factors?
What is the primary function of clotting factors?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What occurs during the vascular stage of inflammation?
What occurs during the vascular stage of inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the primary role of neutrophils and macrophages during the cellular stage of inflammation?
What is the primary role of neutrophils and macrophages during the cellular stage of inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the primary function of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) in the context of inflammation?
What is the primary function of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) in the context of inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What occurs during the process of leukocyte trafficking?
What occurs during the process of leukocyte trafficking?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a mechanism by which inflammation termination occurs?
What is a mechanism by which inflammation termination occurs?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What molecules are upregulated during the termination of inflammation?
What molecules are upregulated during the termination of inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the potential outcomes of inflammation?
What are the potential outcomes of inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What occurs at the end stages of inflammation?
What occurs at the end stages of inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a consequence of extensive tissue destruction during inflammation?
What is a consequence of extensive tissue destruction during inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What occurs during chronic inflammation?
What occurs during chronic inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is required for extravasation of leukocytes from blood vessels into inflamed tissues?
What is required for extravasation of leukocytes from blood vessels into inflamed tissues?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which family of proteins are selectins part of?
Which family of proteins are selectins part of?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which selectin is primarily expressed on endothelial cells during inflammation?
Which selectin is primarily expressed on endothelial cells during inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which type of molecules do selectins bind to on leukocytes?
Which type of molecules do selectins bind to on leukocytes?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What type of proteins are integrins?
What type of proteins are integrins?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Deficiency in which integrin chain leads to leukocyte adhesion deficiency?
Deficiency in which integrin chain leads to leukocyte adhesion deficiency?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which type of CAMs contain both Ig-like domains and mucin domains?
Which type of CAMs contain both Ig-like domains and mucin domains?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is responsible for leukocyte migration to the mucosa?
What is responsible for leukocyte migration to the mucosa?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What process involves leukocytes loosely binding to selectin E and P on endothelial cells during inflammation?
What process involves leukocytes loosely binding to selectin E and P on endothelial cells during inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through biological means?
Which type of agents can cause acute inflammation through biological means?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which of the following is NOT part of the hallmark signs of acute inflammation as described by the Romans?
Which of the following is NOT part of the hallmark signs of acute inflammation as described by the Romans?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which of the following is responsible for leukocytes adhering to the endothelium in the injured area?
Which of the following is responsible for leukocytes adhering to the endothelium in the injured area?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which of the following is NOT a biological agent that can cause acute inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a biological agent that can cause acute inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which of the following is responsible for increasing vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following is responsible for increasing vascular permeability during inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which of the following is responsible for the loss of function associated with acute inflammation?
Which of the following is responsible for the loss of function associated with acute inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which prostaglandin promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?
Which prostaglandin promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which leukotriene is a potent chemoattractant of neutrophils?
Which leukotriene is a potent chemoattractant of neutrophils?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which molecule among the following is not responsible for causing dilation and increased permeability of capillaries?
Which molecule among the following is not responsible for causing dilation and increased permeability of capillaries?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which of the following is not a function of Platelet-activating factor (PAF)?
Which of the following is not a function of Platelet-activating factor (PAF)?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which of the following does NOT increase vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following does NOT increase vascular permeability during inflammation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which of the following does NOT induce fever and stress hormone production?
Which of the following does NOT induce fever and stress hormone production?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a mechanism that contributes to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory molecules during inflammation termination?
What is a mechanism that contributes to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory molecules during inflammation termination?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which mechanism is responsible for the initiation of apoptosis in neutrophils during inflammation termination?
Which mechanism is responsible for the initiation of apoptosis in neutrophils during inflammation termination?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the primary function of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta during inflammation termination?
What is the primary function of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta during inflammation termination?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What process contributes to the termination of inflammation by promoting the departure of macrophages through the lymphatics?
What process contributes to the termination of inflammation by promoting the departure of macrophages through the lymphatics?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which mechanism plays a role in reducing neutrophil recruitment during inflammation termination?
Which mechanism plays a role in reducing neutrophil recruitment during inflammation termination?
Signup and view all the flashcards
