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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic that defines ageism?
What is the primary characteristic that defines ageism?
How do we typically define 'our nation's elders' in terms of age?
How do we typically define 'our nation's elders' in terms of age?
Which of the following is a direct consequence of ageism?
Which of the following is a direct consequence of ageism?
What is the key difference between 'ageism' and 'aging'?
What is the key difference between 'ageism' and 'aging'?
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Which of these scenarios demonstrates ageism?
Which of these scenarios demonstrates ageism?
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What is the main reason for the rapid increase in the older population?
What is the main reason for the rapid increase in the older population?
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Which of these factors has the greatest impact on life expectancy?
Which of these factors has the greatest impact on life expectancy?
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Which of these statements is TRUE regarding the housing situation of older Americans?
Which of these statements is TRUE regarding the housing situation of older Americans?
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Which social program is most commonly associated with providing financial security to elders?
Which social program is most commonly associated with providing financial security to elders?
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What is the primary reason for the disparities in income levels among elders?
What is the primary reason for the disparities in income levels among elders?
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Which of these statements is FALSE about the health status of older adults?
Which of these statements is FALSE about the health status of older adults?
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What is the main reason why older individuals from foreign-born populations are more likely to live with a family?
What is the main reason why older individuals from foreign-born populations are more likely to live with a family?
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Which of these factors is LEAST likely to influence longevity?
Which of these factors is LEAST likely to influence longevity?
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What is the most common reason for the gender gap in life expectancy?
What is the most common reason for the gender gap in life expectancy?
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Which of these is a major health concern for older adults?
Which of these is a major health concern for older adults?
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Which of these is NOT a common characteristic of centenarians?
Which of these is NOT a common characteristic of centenarians?
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Which of these statements is TRUE about the impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy?
Which of these statements is TRUE about the impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy?
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Which of these is LEAST likely to contribute to the increased risk of death in older adults?
Which of these is LEAST likely to contribute to the increased risk of death in older adults?
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Why is it difficult to carry out research on race and ethnicity's effect on longevity in the US?
Why is it difficult to carry out research on race and ethnicity's effect on longevity in the US?
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Which of these is a major health concern for Hispanic elders?
Which of these is a major health concern for Hispanic elders?
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What is the main difference between life span and life expectancy?
What is the main difference between life span and life expectancy?
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Which of the following genetic diseases is associated with an impact on life expectancy?
Which of the following genetic diseases is associated with an impact on life expectancy?
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How does obesity correlate with mortality rates?
How does obesity correlate with mortality rates?
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What benefit is associated with high levels of physical activity?
What benefit is associated with high levels of physical activity?
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Which of the following statements about alcohol consumption is correct?
Which of the following statements about alcohol consumption is correct?
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What is a significant factor in increased longevity among married individuals?
What is a significant factor in increased longevity among married individuals?
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Which of the following describes a potential influence on longevity from physiological factors?
Which of the following describes a potential influence on longevity from physiological factors?
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How does socioeconomic class correlate with longevity?
How does socioeconomic class correlate with longevity?
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Which of the following theories explains aging?
Which of the following theories explains aging?
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Flashcards
Ageism
Ageism
Discrimination or prejudice against people based on their age, particularly older adults.
Assumption in Ageism
Assumption in Ageism
Belief that traits of older adults are solely due to their age, ignoring other factors.
Labelling of Elders
Labelling of Elders
Assigning stereotypes to older individuals, leading to negative bias.
Discrimination against Older Adults
Discrimination against Older Adults
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Elders Defined
Elders Defined
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Genetic Diseases
Genetic Diseases
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Acquired Diseases
Acquired Diseases
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Impact of Obesity
Impact of Obesity
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Physical Activity and Mortality
Physical Activity and Mortality
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Alcohol Consumption
Alcohol Consumption
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Marriage and Longevity
Marriage and Longevity
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Influence of Class on Longevity
Influence of Class on Longevity
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Biological Theories of Aging
Biological Theories of Aging
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Demography
Demography
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Aging population trends
Aging population trends
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Life expectancy
Life expectancy
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Older Americans Act (OAA)
Older Americans Act (OAA)
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Social Security
Social Security
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Chronic conditions
Chronic conditions
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Foreign-born elders
Foreign-born elders
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Hispanic elders
Hispanic elders
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Cigarette smoking impact
Cigarette smoking impact
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Gender differences in aging
Gender differences in aging
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Poverty among elderly
Poverty among elderly
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Centenarian Studies
Centenarian Studies
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Income sources for elders
Income sources for elders
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Racial and ethnic diversity in elders
Racial and ethnic diversity in elders
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Health care concerns
Health care concerns
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Study Notes
Ageism
- Ageism is the assumption that traits of older individuals are solely due to age, ignoring other factors.
- It involves labelling and discrimination against older people.
- The majority of people don't consider themselves old until they become sick or dependent.
- Many people, based on surveys, consider themselves middle-aged.
- Elders have various demographics - some powerful and others ill.
Demographics of Elders
- The elder population is growing rapidly due to longer lifespans and the aging baby boomer generation.
- 2009: 13% were 65+
- 2014: 14.1% were 65+
- 2030: 20% are estimated to be 65+
- Improved healthcare is a factor in this growth.
- Life expectancy has increased from 77.6 (2003), to 78.7 (2010), to 79.05 (2022).
- Gender is the biggest factor affecting life expectancy—females tend to live longer than males.
- Ethnicity and race are also factors influencing lifespan.
Housing and Geographic Distribution
- Most elders own their homes (4 out of 5 in 2009).
- Most elders live in metropolitan areas (4 out of 5 in 2009).
- States with the highest elderly populations include California, Florida, New York, and Texas.
Marital Status/Living Arrangements
- 8.9 million women and 2.1 million men are widowed.
- Marriage is linked to companionship, support with daily activities, and higher incomes for elders.
- Divorce rates among elders are increasing.
- Two-thirds of elders live in a family setting with another person.
- A small percentage of elders live in nursing homes.
The Older Americans Act (OAA)
- The OAA was signed in 1965.
- It's a federal law supporting the dignity of older adults, with social and nutrition services.
Education
- Elders have, on average, completed fewer years of formal education than younger adults.
- Baby boomers are the most educated generation.
- Educational attainment varies by race and ethnicity.
- Elders are often lifelong learners.
Income
- Medicare and Social Security reduce financial vulnerability for elders.
- Elders living in family settings are more likely to have reduced financial vulnerability.
- Income disparities exist based on race and ethnicity.
- Elderly men typically have higher incomes than women.
- Sources of elder income include Social Security (started in 1935), Supplemental Security Income (SSI, established in 1974), personal assets (savings/home equity), and pensions/IRAs.
Health Status & Healthcare
- Half of elders have at least one chronic condition; approximately 92% have a chronic condition.
- Foreign-born populations may face challenges like language barriers and family-related poverty.
Racial & Ethnic Diversity
- Racial and ethnic minority elder groups often face higher poverty rates and racial discrimination.
- Largest minority elder groups: Black, Hispanic, Native American, Asian.
- African American/Black elders have a high poverty rate (20% in 2009) and often have more chronic conditions; facing healthcare concerns around seeking help and historical racism (like the Tuskegee Experiment).
- Hispanic elders are the fastest-growing group, often have lower education levels, and higher poverty rates (45% in some subgroups). Also concerns with health concerns of respecting healthcare workers and less likely to use social services.
Life Span & Longevity Concepts
- Theoretical lifespan: 115-120 years
- Life expectancy: the predicted years an individual can expect to live.
- Longevity research uses actuarial data, animal studies, longitudinal studies, and centenarian studies.
Longevity Factors
- Heredity: Centenarians often have long-lived relatives.
- Lifestyle: Diet, activity levels, stress management.
- Gender: Females typically live longer due to differences in immune system function and hormonal influences.
- Race/Ethnicity: Socioeconomic factors are often intertwined with race and ethnicity, making research challenging.
- Smoking: A significant cause of preventable deaths; quitting reduces risks substantially.
Health Conditions
- More diseases and affected body systems correlate with a shorter lifespan.
- Genetic diseases (e.g., Down Syndrome, Huntington's) and acquired conditions (e.g., cancer, heart disease) affect aging and longevity.
- Body weight and height are linked to mortality—obesity is a risk factor.
- Physical inactivity is linked to higher mortality rates.
Lifestyle Factors Affecting Longevity
- Physical activity: High levels are associated with lower mortality.
- Alcohol consumption: Light drinking may have cardiovascular benefits, but heavy drinking significantly reduces life expectancy.
- Marital status: Married individuals tend to live longer than those widowed or divorced. Marriage may promote healthy habits and stress reduction.
- Personality: Calm individuals may live longer and make more healthy decisions.
Socioeconomic Factors
- Education/Occupation: Higher education and occupation levels are correlated with longer life spans (better access to healthcare, better habits, and more resources).
- Income: Higher income is linked to better health spending and quality of life.
- Environment: Exposure to pollution and radiation can negatively impact health and longevity.
Biological Theories of Aging
- Two main phenomena: Physiological decline in body systems and aging process.
- Two leading theories:
- Random Theory: Aging due to accumulated errors, waste, and damage.
- Programmed Theory: Aging controlled by genetic characteristics of cells.
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Description
Explore the concept of ageism and its impact on older adults in society. This quiz covers the demographic trends of the elder population, including life expectancy and factors that influence it, such as gender and ethnicity. Test your knowledge on the housing and geographic distribution of the elderly as well.