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Questions and Answers
Which term refers to 'the decline of fitness components of an individual with increasing age, owing to internal deterioration'?
Which term refers to 'the decline of fitness components of an individual with increasing age, owing to internal deterioration'?
- Ageing
- Senescence
- Geriatrics (correct)
- Biogerontology
According to the ancient Greek theory, what was the consequence of the gradual consumption of 'innate heat and inevitable loss of body moisture'?
According to the ancient Greek theory, what was the consequence of the gradual consumption of 'innate heat and inevitable loss of body moisture'?
- Increased dryness and coldness of the body (correct)
- Decreased dryness and coldness of the body
- Increased innate heat and body moisture
- Decreased innate heat and body moisture
What is the primary focus of biogerontology?
What is the primary focus of biogerontology?
- The study of the biology of ageing and longevity (correct)
- The process of becoming older in humans
- The decline of fitness components with increasing age
- The diagnosis and treatment of age-associated diseases
What does the term 'gerontology' primarily refer to?
What does the term 'gerontology' primarily refer to?
What is the main reason for the decrease in telomerase levels over time?
What is the main reason for the decrease in telomerase levels over time?
Which phenomenon is characterized by the cessation of cell division?
Which phenomenon is characterized by the cessation of cell division?
What is the function of telomeres in human chromosomes?
What is the function of telomeres in human chromosomes?
Why would enhancing telomerase levels be viewed as a positive statement in diseases like Parkinson’s disease but not in cancer?
Why would enhancing telomerase levels be viewed as a positive statement in diseases like Parkinson’s disease but not in cancer?
What is the main benefit of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) according to the graph?
What is the main benefit of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) according to the graph?
What is the most widely used and effective treatment for menopause?
What is the most widely used and effective treatment for menopause?
What is the natural biological process marking the end of the menstrual cycle in females?
What is the natural biological process marking the end of the menstrual cycle in females?
What is the main reason for the gradual decrease in estrogen and progesterone production leading up to menopause?
What is the main reason for the gradual decrease in estrogen and progesterone production leading up to menopause?
What physiological changes occur in the brain with age, according to the provided data?
What physiological changes occur in the brain with age, according to the provided data?
What is the impact of an active lifestyle on muscle mass and flexibility with age?
What is the impact of an active lifestyle on muscle mass and flexibility with age?
How is homeostatic response altered in aging?
How is homeostatic response altered in aging?
What is the main reason for the occurrence of perimenopause?
What is the main reason for the occurrence of perimenopause?
What is the main contributor to disability in older people?
What is the main contributor to disability in older people?
What is the primary treatment for sarcopenia?
What is the primary treatment for sarcopenia?
Which tissue type experiences muscular atrophy in injury and ageing?
Which tissue type experiences muscular atrophy in injury and ageing?
What is a major impact of the ageing process on the skin?
What is a major impact of the ageing process on the skin?
What are the age-related changes in the eye primarily attributed to?
What are the age-related changes in the eye primarily attributed to?
What is a common effect of ageing on hearing?
What is a common effect of ageing on hearing?
What aspect of the human body does the ageing process impact?
What aspect of the human body does the ageing process impact?
What is a prevalent issue in older people related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system?
What is a prevalent issue in older people related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system?
What becomes more prevalent with increasing age?
What becomes more prevalent with increasing age?
What has been discovered to play a major role in causing many peptic ulcers?
What has been discovered to play a major role in causing many peptic ulcers?
What is the most effective treatment for Gastro‐Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD/GERD)?
What is the most effective treatment for Gastro‐Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD/GERD)?
What is the primary impact of the ageing process on skeletal muscle?
What is the primary impact of the ageing process on skeletal muscle?
Which tissue type experiences decreased collagen solubility and increased rigidity in the ageing process?
Which tissue type experiences decreased collagen solubility and increased rigidity in the ageing process?
What is the largest part of the brain responsible for information processing and folded into sulci and gyri?
What is the largest part of the brain responsible for information processing and folded into sulci and gyri?
Which part of the brain is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal?
Which part of the brain is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal?
What is the basic signaling unit of the nervous system with specialized connections called synapses for chemical communication?
What is the basic signaling unit of the nervous system with specialized connections called synapses for chemical communication?
What may lead to decreased intestinal barrier function, impacting the absorption of certain nutrients and causing systemic inflammation in the ageing process?
What may lead to decreased intestinal barrier function, impacting the absorption of certain nutrients and causing systemic inflammation in the ageing process?
What type of tissue plays a fundamental role in establishing tissue barriers and undergoes changes in ageing, impacting organ function?
What type of tissue plays a fundamental role in establishing tissue barriers and undergoes changes in ageing, impacting organ function?
What type of tissue connects, supports, and separates other tissues and organs, and undergoes changes in ageing, including decreased collagen solubility and increased rigidity?
What type of tissue connects, supports, and separates other tissues and organs, and undergoes changes in ageing, including decreased collagen solubility and increased rigidity?
What experiences changes in molecules, cells, vasculature, and gross morphology in the ageing process, leading to atrophic changes, volume decline, and the development of white matter lesions?
What experiences changes in molecules, cells, vasculature, and gross morphology in the ageing process, leading to atrophic changes, volume decline, and the development of white matter lesions?
What is not a direct consequence of ageing, but ageing makes the neuronal tissue more susceptible to these diseases?
What is not a direct consequence of ageing, but ageing makes the neuronal tissue more susceptible to these diseases?
What shows compensatory changes in dendritic arbour, spines, and synapses to help re-establish synaptic connections lost from cell death in the ageing process?
What shows compensatory changes in dendritic arbour, spines, and synapses to help re-establish synaptic connections lost from cell death in the ageing process?
What leads to tissue stiffening, particularly in collagen tissues, in the ageing process?
What leads to tissue stiffening, particularly in collagen tissues, in the ageing process?
What is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, with the cerebral cortex being the largest part responsible for information processing and folded into sulci and gyri?
What is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, with the cerebral cortex being the largest part responsible for information processing and folded into sulci and gyri?
Which tissue type plays a fundamental role in establishing tissue barriers and undergoes changes in ageing?
Which tissue type plays a fundamental role in establishing tissue barriers and undergoes changes in ageing?
What is the largest part of the brain responsible for information processing and folded into sulci and gyri?
What is the largest part of the brain responsible for information processing and folded into sulci and gyri?
Which part of the brain is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal, each with specific functions?
Which part of the brain is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal, each with specific functions?
What are the basic signaling units of the nervous system and have specialized connections called synapses for chemical communication?
What are the basic signaling units of the nervous system and have specialized connections called synapses for chemical communication?
What may become more harmful to the ageing brain due to the changes in the ageing process?
What may become more harmful to the ageing brain due to the changes in the ageing process?
What experiences changes in molecules, cells, vasculature, and gross morphology, leading to atrophic changes, volume decline, and the development of white matter lesions in the ageing process?
What experiences changes in molecules, cells, vasculature, and gross morphology, leading to atrophic changes, volume decline, and the development of white matter lesions in the ageing process?
What shows compensatory changes in dendritic arbour, spines, and synapses to help re-establish synaptic connections lost from cell death in the ageing process?
What shows compensatory changes in dendritic arbour, spines, and synapses to help re-establish synaptic connections lost from cell death in the ageing process?
What leads to tissue stiffening, particularly in collagen tissues, in the ageing process?
What leads to tissue stiffening, particularly in collagen tissues, in the ageing process?
What type of tissue connects, supports, and separates other tissues and organs, and undergoes changes in ageing?
What type of tissue connects, supports, and separates other tissues and organs, and undergoes changes in ageing?
Which age-related diseases of the brain are not a direct consequence of ageing but make the neuronal tissue more susceptible to these diseases?
Which age-related diseases of the brain are not a direct consequence of ageing but make the neuronal tissue more susceptible to these diseases?
What tissue type plays a role in decreasing intestinal barrier function, impacting the absorption of certain nutrients and causing systemic inflammation in the ageing process?
What tissue type plays a role in decreasing intestinal barrier function, impacting the absorption of certain nutrients and causing systemic inflammation in the ageing process?
What undergoes changes in ageing, including decreased collagen solubility and increased rigidity?
What undergoes changes in ageing, including decreased collagen solubility and increased rigidity?
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Study Notes
Cellular Organisation and Ageing: Tissue Types and Brain Structure
- There are four main types of tissue: connective, epithelial, neural/neuronal, and muscle, all of which undergo changes in the ageing process.
- Connective tissue connects, supports, and separates other tissues and organs, and it undergoes changes in ageing, including decreased collagen solubility and increased rigidity.
- Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formed in ageing lead to tissue stiffening, particularly in collagen tissues.
- Epithelial tissue plays a fundamental role in establishing tissue barriers and undergoes changes in ageing, impacting organ function.
- The brain is comprised of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, with the cerebral cortex being the largest part responsible for information processing and folded into sulci and gyri.
- The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal, each with specific functions.
- Neurons are the basic signaling units of the nervous system and have specialized connections called synapses for chemical communication.
- The ageing brain experiences changes in molecules, cells, vasculature, and gross morphology, leading to atrophic changes, volume decline, and the development of white matter lesions.
- Age-related diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are not a direct consequence of ageing, but ageing makes the neuronal tissue more susceptible to these diseases.
- Proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases may become more harmful to the ageing brain due to the changes in the ageing process.
- The ageing process may lead to decreased intestinal barrier function, impacting the absorption of certain nutrients and causing systemic inflammation.
- The ageing brain shows compensatory changes in dendritic arbour, spines, and synapses to help re-establish synaptic connections lost from cell death.
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