Week 5: Thursday, Oct 5th_Short answer

Understanding sex-specific age-related decline to support functional independence and choice of older women and men to age in place.

The paradox where men typically die younger than women, yet more women than men struggle with chronic illnesses and live longer.

For every 100 females, there are 99 males at 50 years and 68 males at 85-89 years.

The main focus of the study mentioned in the text is frailty and its relationship with exercise.

The three components used to classify frailty in the study are Frailty Phenotype (FP), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and Gait Speed (GS).

The four categories of the Clinical Frailty Scale are Very Fit, Well, Managing Well, and Vulnerable.

The two categories of the Frailty Phenotype are Pre-Frail and Non-Frail.

The importance of considering sex and gender in exercise and nutrition research is to understand the potential differences in physiological responses and adaptations between males and females, which can affect the effectiveness and outcomes of exercise and nutrition interventions.

Some age-related changes in contractile properties of muscle include a decrease in muscle size, decrease in fiber size and perhaps number, change in muscle composition (primarily Type IIb, IIa, I), and substitution of non-contractile tissue.

Factors that influence force steadiness include effective neural drive, absolute and relative strength, and mechanical properties of tendons.

Mobility is key for maintaining independence in older adults because it allows them to perform activities of daily living, participate in social activities, and maintain overall physical and functional well-being.