35 Questions
What is the name of the involuntary loss of weight mainly due to poor dietary food intake?
Wasting
Which age-related change is characterized by decreased cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism?
Atrophy of nerve cells in cerebral cortex
Which division of the peripheral nervous system carries information to the central nervous system?
Sensory division
What is the major age-related physiological change in older people characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass?
Sarcopenia
Which factor is a common cause of fecal incontinence in institutionalized elderly individuals?
Mobility problems
What is the definition of diarrhea?
Abnormally loose stool accompanied by change in frequency or volume
Which physiological function does the sensory input of the nervous system serve?
To gather information
What is the result of decreased synthesis and metabolism of major neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
Slowing of many neural processes
What is a common cause of decreased food intake in geriatric patients over 85 years old?
Mobility impairment
What are some associated symptoms of diarrhea?
All of the above
Which of the following is a normal physiologic change associated with aging of the integumentary system?
Attenuated inflammatory response
What is a common risk factor for pressure ulcers (decubitus ulcers)?
Sensory impairment
Which area is common for the development of pressure ulcers?
Heels
What percentage of hospitalized, ill elderly patients are affected by pressure ulcers?
10% to 25%
What is the effect of decreased sweat production on temperature regulation in aging individuals?
Decreased temperature regulation
What is the general effect of vascular insufficiency and decreased melanin production on hair in aging individuals?
Thinning and graying of hair
What happens if pressure ulcers are not treated promptly?
They progress to damage of deep structures
Which of the following is NOT a physiological change associated with aging in the gastrointestinal system?
Decreased risk of colorectal cancer
Which organ is responsible for supplying secretions contributing to the breakdown of food in the digestive process?
Pancreas
In which part of the digestive process does the transport of digested end products into blood and lymph occur?
Absorption
What type of contractions are characteristic of smooth muscle in the digestive system?
Slow, sustained contractions without sarcomeres
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for propulsion by peristalsis?
Small intestine
Which of the following is a major location of smooth muscle in the digestive system?
Anus
Which of the following is NOT an accessory digestive organ?
Large intestine
What is the main function of the pharynx in the digestive system?
Swallowing
Which age-related change is characterized by postural or kinetic tremors, rarely resting?
Age-related tremors occurring as an isolated symptom, particularly in hands, head, and voice
What is the main function of the integumentary system related to the low pH of skin secretions?
Chemical barriers
Which condition is characterized by opacity and clouding of the lens due to changes in lens proteins?
Cataracts
What contributes to the loss of strength in older adults due to age-related changes?
Slowed recruitment of motoneurons
Which sensory system is affected by reduced function of the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) leading to increased postural sway?
Vestibular balance control
What contributes to complete blindness in diabetic retinopathy?
Growth of abnormal blood vessels and hemorrhage
What is the primary reason for peripheral cyanosis?
Reduced blood flow to skin and loss of oxygen to tissues
Which intellectual ability typically peaks at age 30 and is well maintained until the 60s?
Verbal ability
(1) Blood flows through arteries to capillaries of the skin. What results from increased blood flow with an increase in oxyhemoglobin to skin capillaries?
(1)a. Increased blood flow with an increase in oxyhemoglobin to skin capillaries causes reddening of the skin
(2) Proprioceptive losses. (3) Loss of joint receptor sensitivity; losses in lower extremities, cervical joints may contribute to loss of balance. Which system do these changes primarily affect?
(1) Decreased sensitivity of touch associated with decline of peripheral receptors, atrophy of afferent fibers
Explore age-related changes in motor units and tremors, including the development of macro motor units, loss of sympathetic fibers, and the characteristics of age-related tremors. Understand the clinical implications of these changes.
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