Age-Related Changes in Motor Units and Tremors

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the involuntary loss of weight mainly due to poor dietary food intake?

  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Sarcopenia
  • Wasting (correct)

Which age-related change is characterized by decreased cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism?

  • Increased biliary lipids
  • Decreased salivation
  • Decreased stomach motility
  • Atrophy of nerve cells in cerebral cortex (correct)

Which division of the peripheral nervous system carries information to the central nervous system?

  • Sensory division (correct)
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Motor division

What is the major age-related physiological change in older people characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass?

<p>Sarcopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is a common cause of fecal incontinence in institutionalized elderly individuals?

<p>Mobility problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of diarrhea?

<p>Abnormally loose stool accompanied by change in frequency or volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological function does the sensory input of the nervous system serve?

<p>To gather information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of decreased synthesis and metabolism of major neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

<p>Slowing of many neural processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of decreased food intake in geriatric patients over 85 years old?

<p>Mobility impairment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some associated symptoms of diarrhea?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a normal physiologic change associated with aging of the integumentary system?

<p>Attenuated inflammatory response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for pressure ulcers (decubitus ulcers)?

<p>Sensory impairment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is common for the development of pressure ulcers?

<p>Heels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of hospitalized, ill elderly patients are affected by pressure ulcers?

<p>10% to 25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased sweat production on temperature regulation in aging individuals?

<p>Decreased temperature regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general effect of vascular insufficiency and decreased melanin production on hair in aging individuals?

<p>Thinning and graying of hair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if pressure ulcers are not treated promptly?

<p>They progress to damage of deep structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physiological change associated with aging in the gastrointestinal system?

<p>Decreased risk of colorectal cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for supplying secretions contributing to the breakdown of food in the digestive process?

<p>Pancreas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the digestive process does the transport of digested end products into blood and lymph occur?

<p>Absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of contractions are characteristic of smooth muscle in the digestive system?

<p>Slow, sustained contractions without sarcomeres (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for propulsion by peristalsis?

<p>Small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major location of smooth muscle in the digestive system?

<p>Anus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an accessory digestive organ?

<p>Large intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

<p>Swallowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age-related change is characterized by postural or kinetic tremors, rarely resting?

<p>Age-related tremors occurring as an isolated symptom, particularly in hands, head, and voice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the integumentary system related to the low pH of skin secretions?

<p>Chemical barriers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by opacity and clouding of the lens due to changes in lens proteins?

<p>Cataracts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the loss of strength in older adults due to age-related changes?

<p>Slowed recruitment of motoneurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory system is affected by reduced function of the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) leading to increased postural sway?

<p>Vestibular balance control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to complete blindness in diabetic retinopathy?

<p>Growth of abnormal blood vessels and hemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for peripheral cyanosis?

<p>Reduced blood flow to skin and loss of oxygen to tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intellectual ability typically peaks at age 30 and is well maintained until the 60s?

<p>Verbal ability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

(1) Blood flows through arteries to capillaries of the skin. What results from increased blood flow with an increase in oxyhemoglobin to skin capillaries?

<p>(1)a. Increased blood flow with an increase in oxyhemoglobin to skin capillaries causes reddening of the skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

(2) Proprioceptive losses. (3) Loss of joint receptor sensitivity; losses in lower extremities, cervical joints may contribute to loss of balance. Which system do these changes primarily affect?

<p>(1) Decreased sensitivity of touch associated with decline of peripheral receptors, atrophy of afferent fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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