Afro-Latin American Music Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary emotion associated with the blues musical form?

  • Aggression and conflict
  • Hope and optimism
  • Joy and celebration
  • Misfortune and loneliness (correct)

Which of the following performers is known for contributions to the Rhythm and Blues genre?

  • Johnny Cash
  • Ray Charles (correct)
  • Elvis Presley
  • Bob Dylan

What musical elements does soul music primarily combine?

  • Country music and bluegrass
  • Gospel music and rhythm and blues (correct)
  • Heavy metal and punk rock
  • Folk music and classical

Which genre is described as a fusion of West African music and black American music?

<p>Afrobeat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is typically used in Apala music to awaken worshippers?

<p>Rattle (sekere) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of events are singing, dancing, and hand clapping essential to in many African ceremonies?

<p>Births, deaths, and marriages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which musician is noted for inspiring Otis Redding?

<p>Little Richard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the rhythms found in soul music?

<p>Catchy and syncopated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is specifically mentioned as made from the horn of the kudu antelope?

<p>Kudu horn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key aspect of the samba dance?

<p>It originated in the working class districts of Rio de Janeiro. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of music is the son a fusion of?

<p>Spanish canciones and African rumba (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is noted as a form of popular Latin American music?

<p>Salsa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are African trumpets commonly made from?

<p>Wood, metal, animal horns, and gourds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did salsa music begin to emerge?

<p>1970s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pipes create sound through vibrations, as mentioned in the content?

<p>Reed pipes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rhythms is the samba characterized by?

<p>Triplet-based rhythm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of dance is characterized as a one step, two step, and syncopated rhythmic pattern?

<p>Foxtrot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dance is known as 'double step' and associated with bullfighting?

<p>Pasodoble (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the advantages of using a DSLR over a point-and-shoot camera?

<p>It offers greater artistic freedom and control over settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best time of day for taking photos to utilize natural light effectively?

<p>First hour after sunrise and last hour before sunset (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when choosing a location for taking photographs?

<p>An interesting location can enhance the quality of the photograph. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applications is known for photo editing and drawing?

<p>Picsart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is natural light preferred for taking photographs?

<p>It typically enhances the subject's appearance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does taking a shot facing the light have on the subject?

<p>Makes details lost in shadow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has video technology impacted the field of social media?

<p>It has created new platforms for targeting audiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which software is primarily used for creating original illustrations?

<p>Corel Draw (A), Adobe Illustrator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one application of video technology in the medical field?

<p>It includes methods like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of the Snapseed application?

<p>Enables enhancing, transforming, and sharing photos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of Instagram?

<p>Create original illustrations from scratch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for taking a candid shot?

<p>Positioning yourself to capture the moment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following programs is specifically designed for digital painting or editing?

<p>Gimp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of shots should a photographer consider taking?

<p>A variety of shots including far, medium, and close-up (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a digital file generated from an original image?

<p>An image captured using a digital camera or device (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of video games are popular among users?

<p>Educational games and strategy games (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using larger, complex devices for photographic tasks?

<p>They offer advanced features and capabilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do digital photography and digital games differ in terms of user interaction?

<p>Digital games may require physical interaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly identifies a characteristic of popular video games?

<p>They include complex and realistic graphics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the 'dark room' in photography?

<p>To process exposed film (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of camera automatically adjusts settings like lighting and focus?

<p>Point-and-Shoot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tools is NOT associated with digital painting?

<p>Physical paintbrushes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes DSLR cameras from point-and-shoot cameras?

<p>DSLR cameras offer interchangeable lenses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options are platforms or tools for aspiring video game creators?

<p>Twine and Stencyl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature might a point-and-shoot camera offer to improve image quality?

<p>Automatic red-eye removal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In digital painting, what aspect is primarily driven by computer software?

<p>Creating artwork without traditional tools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does digital painting NOT share with traditional painting?

<p>Use of a physical brush (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Blues Music Origin

A musical form from the late 1800s rooted in African American communities in the southern US.

Blues Music Expression

Blues music is expressive and soulful, often conveying feelings of hardship, loss, or loneliness.

Soul Music Elements

Soul music blends African American gospel, rhythm and blues, and often jazz.

Soul Music Features

Soul music uses catchy rhythms, handclaps, and body movements.

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Afrobeat Description

Afrobeat is a fusion of West African music with black American music.

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Apala Music

A Nigerian musical genre from the Yoruba tribe, often played to wake worshippers during Ramadan.

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African Music Ceremonies

Singing, dancing, clapping, and drumming are important parts of ceremonies in many African cultures.

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African Music Influences

African music has a strong influence on contemporary global music, including American, Latin American, and European styles.

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African Horns

Horns and trumpets commonly found in Africa, often made of elephant tusks or animal horns.

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Kudu Horn

A type of African horn made from a kudu antelope's horn, producing a mellow sound.

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Reed Pipes

Musical instruments where vibrating reeds create sound by vibrating the air within a hollow instrument.

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Whistles

African instruments often made of wood or other materials, sometimes using short lengths of horns.

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Samba

African-Brazilian dance form, originating in working-class Rio de Janeiro; known for a lively rhythm.

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Son

Fusion of Spanish music (canciones) and African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin.

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Salsa

Social dance form with Cuban and Puerto Rican influences, popularized in New York in the 1970s.

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Mixed American Music

Musical fusion of Latin American and African elements.

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Foxtrot Dance Origin

A 20th-century social dance, developed in the USA after 1910, featuring a one-step, two-step, and syncopated rhythm.

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Paso Doble Dance

A Spanish theatrical dance, used in bullfights. Known for its 'double step' and timing with the bullfight.

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Best photo time

The first hour after sunrise and the last hour before sunset provide the best lighting for photos.

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Avoid backlit photos

Taking photos facing the light will cause the subject to be backlit, leading to shadows and lost details.

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Computer-Generated Images

Creating images from scratch using specialized programs like Adobe Illustrator or Corel Draw.

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Picsart

A free photo editor and drawing application, with a social network for sharing art.

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Snapseed

A photo application for enhancing, transforming, and sharing images; available for Android.

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Instagram

An image-sharing and photo-editing social network using filters, and sharing features via other social media.

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Digital Photography: Image Capture

Capturing a real-world scene or object using a digital camera or a device with a built-in camera to create a digital image file.

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Digital Photography: Benefits

Digital photography allows for instant image viewing, editing, and sharing, unlike traditional film photography.

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Digital Photography: Equipment

Digital cameras, mobile phones, tablets, and other devices with built-in cameras are used to capture digital images.

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Digital Photography: Process

Capturing an image, saving it as a digital file, and then potentially editing or enhancing the image using software.

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Image Editing Software: Purpose

Programs used to manipulate and enhance digital images, allowing for adjustments to brightness, contrast, color, and other aspects.

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Image Editing Software: Examples

Popular image editing programs include Gimp, Paint.net, Inkscape, and Adobe Photoshop Express, offering diverse features and levels of complexity.

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Video Games: Genres

Video games encompass a wide array of genres, including educational, building, sports, strategy, war, science fiction, and fantasy.

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Video Games: Features

Modern video games utilize advanced graphics, motion, sound, and special effects, creating immersive and realistic experiences.

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Point-and-Shoot Camera

A camera that automatically adjusts settings like lighting, focus, and zoom, offering basic image enhancement options.

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DSLR Camera

A camera that allows the user to manually adjust settings like aperture, shutter speed, and ISO, offering greater control over image quality and composition.

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Digital Painting

Creating artwork digitally using computer software and tools, simulating traditional painting techniques.

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Image Manipulation

Altering or enhancing existing images using software tools like Photoshop, offering various editing options.

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Game Creation Software

Software programs that allow users to create their own video games, offering tools for design, programming, and testing.

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Photographic Image

An image captured by a camera onto film or a digital sensor, representing a moment in time.

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Darkroom

A specially designed space where photographic film is processed after exposure to light, revealing the captured images.

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Robot Device

A device controlled by computer software, used for tasks like drawing or painting, taking the place of a human artist's hand.

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Photo Lighting

Natural light, like sunlight or light near a window, is usually the most effective and flattering for taking photos.

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Image Composition

Keep the background simple and uncluttered to focus attention on the main subject of your photo.

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Digital Imaging Advantages

Digital cameras allow for instant review and editing, and can provide more artistic control over the final image.

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Social Media Videos

Social media platforms provide a powerful new way to share and view videos, reaching a large audience.

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Medical Imaging Videos

Medical imaging technologies like MRI and CT scans use videos to visualize and diagnose medical conditions.

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Study Notes

  • Music of Africa is essential to many ceremonies (birth, death, initiation, marriage, funerals)
  • Also important to religious and political events
  • Influences contemporary American, Latin American, and European music styles

Traditional Music of Africa

  • Afrobeat: Fusion of West African and black American music
  • Apala: Nigerian Yoruba style music for Ramadan; uses rattle, thumb piano, bell, talking drums
  • Axe: Afro-Caribbean styles (marcha, reggae, calypso) from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil
  • Jit: Hard, fast Zimbabwean dance music with drums and guitar
  • Jive: Lively, uninhibited jitterbug variation
  • Juju: Popular Nigerian music with traditional Yoruba rhythms
  • Kwassa Kwassa: Dance style begun in Zaire in the late 80's
  • Marabi: Simple chords, repetitive harmony, allowing extended dancing time
  • Reggae: Jamaican music, dominated by bass and guitar, associated with Rasta faith
  • Salsa: Afro-Cuban music
  • Samba: Typifies Brazilian music
  • Soca: Modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop combining soul and calypso
  • Were: Muslim music, for Ramadan wake-up call and prayers

Vocal Forms of African Music

  • Maracatu: Surfaced in Pernambuco, combining African rhythms and Portuguese melodies; uses percussion instruments (alfaia, tarol, caixa-deguerra, gongue, agbe, mineiro)

Music of Latin America

  • Influences: Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, African
  • Indigenous: Guiro, maracas, turtle shells, zampona (panpipes), quena (notched-end flutes)
  • Native American/Indian: Courtship songs, dancing songs, popular American/Canadian tunes (Amazing Grace, Dixie, Jambalaya, Sugar Time)
  • Afro-Latin American: Rhythmic patterns, complex layering, deep-chested vocals, resonant drums, sympathetic buzzers
  • Euro-Latin American: Adopted European characteristics (Renaissance melodies), stepwise melodies
  • Mixed American: Fusion of native music, European instruments, and African musical styles. (Afro-Cuban rumba, Jamaican reggae, Colombian cumbia, Brazilian samba)

Classification of Traditional African Instruments

  • Idiophones: Percussion instruments struck with mallets or against each other
    • Balafon: West African xylophone
    • Rattles: Made from various materials (seashells, tin, basketry, animal parts)
    • Agogo: Single or multiple bells
    • Atinfting Kon: Slit gongs used for communication
    • Slit Drum: Hollow percussion instrument, not a true drum
    • Djembe: Popular West African goblet-shaped drum, played with hands

Technology-Based Arts

  • Computer-generated/manipulated art
  • Computer/Digital Arts: Use of electronic/mechanical devices to create art
  • Mobile Phone Art/Computer-Generated Images: Use of mobile phones to create and edit images
    • Apps: Pixlr, Pic Collage, Photo Grid, Doodle Booth, Photo Booth, Magic Mirror Booth, Pic Monkey, Flipagram, Picsart, Snapseed, Instagram

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