Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the economic potential of Africa's agricultural sector, according to the information provided?
What is the economic potential of Africa's agricultural sector, according to the information provided?
What is a key contributing factor to the rise of innovation and entrepreneurship in Africa?
What is a key contributing factor to the rise of innovation and entrepreneurship in Africa?
Which region has a higher percentage of working-age individuals starting small businesses compared to Africa?
Which region has a higher percentage of working-age individuals starting small businesses compared to Africa?
According to the provided information, what is the most significant factor driving Africa's entrepreneurial spirit?
According to the provided information, what is the most significant factor driving Africa's entrepreneurial spirit?
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Which of the following industries is NOT mentioned as being directly impacted by Africa's entrepreneurial spirit?
Which of the following industries is NOT mentioned as being directly impacted by Africa's entrepreneurial spirit?
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What is a key advantage Africa has with regards to global trade and cooperation, as highlighted in the text?
What is a key advantage Africa has with regards to global trade and cooperation, as highlighted in the text?
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What is a primary reason why women in Africa are more likely to start businesses compared to women in other regions?
What is a primary reason why women in Africa are more likely to start businesses compared to women in other regions?
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Which of these is NOT mentioned as a potential solution to the challenges of food shortages and climate change in Africa?
Which of these is NOT mentioned as a potential solution to the challenges of food shortages and climate change in Africa?
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What is a driving force behind the competition for control over resources and markets in Africa?
What is a driving force behind the competition for control over resources and markets in Africa?
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Which country has historically had a strong military presence in Africa and continues to hold influence in the region?
Which country has historically had a strong military presence in Africa and continues to hold influence in the region?
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What factor has led to an increase in competition for influence in Africa?
What factor has led to an increase in competition for influence in Africa?
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How does the text characterize the role of Europe in the current geopolitical landscape of Africa?
How does the text characterize the role of Europe in the current geopolitical landscape of Africa?
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What is the main reason why major powers are interested in Sub-Saharan Africa?
What is the main reason why major powers are interested in Sub-Saharan Africa?
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What event marked a turning point in the US's engagement in Africa, highlighting its renewed interest in the region?
What event marked a turning point in the US's engagement in Africa, highlighting its renewed interest in the region?
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Which countries are mentioned in the text as being involved in the new scramble for Africa besides the US, China, France, and Britain?
Which countries are mentioned in the text as being involved in the new scramble for Africa besides the US, China, France, and Britain?
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Why does the text suggest that Sub-Saharan Africa has been on the sidelines of world geopolitics?
Why does the text suggest that Sub-Saharan Africa has been on the sidelines of world geopolitics?
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Which fundamental change is NOT identified as occurring in the emerging African countries?
Which fundamental change is NOT identified as occurring in the emerging African countries?
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What was the average economic growth per capita in the emerging African countries from 1996 to 2008?
What was the average economic growth per capita in the emerging African countries from 1996 to 2008?
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Which of the following best describes the overall trend of the 17 emerging African countries since the mid-1990s?
Which of the following best describes the overall trend of the 17 emerging African countries since the mid-1990s?
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What stereotype about African countries has been challenged by the performance of the emerging countries?
What stereotype about African countries has been challenged by the performance of the emerging countries?
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How many countries did the study identify as emerging in Africa?
How many countries did the study identify as emerging in Africa?
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Which group of countries is mentioned as having uneven and volatile progress?
Which group of countries is mentioned as having uneven and volatile progress?
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What was the economic growth per capita of the emerging countries between 1975 and 1995?
What was the economic growth per capita of the emerging countries between 1975 and 1995?
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What role has a new generation played in the transformation of emerging African countries?
What role has a new generation played in the transformation of emerging African countries?
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What is projected to happen to the urban population of Africa by 2050?
What is projected to happen to the urban population of Africa by 2050?
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How many additional professional educators may be needed in Africa's educational institutions?
How many additional professional educators may be needed in Africa's educational institutions?
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What major transformation is expected due to rapid urbanization in Africa?
What major transformation is expected due to rapid urbanization in Africa?
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Which factor is NOT identified as a challenge brought on by sudden urbanization?
Which factor is NOT identified as a challenge brought on by sudden urbanization?
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What is one of the expected climate change effects in Africa by 2050?
What is one of the expected climate change effects in Africa by 2050?
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Which cities currently qualify as megacities in Africa?
Which cities currently qualify as megacities in Africa?
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What percentage of global greenhouse gas emissions does Africa contribute?
What percentage of global greenhouse gas emissions does Africa contribute?
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What potential benefit can arise from sufficiently rapid investment in infrastructure during urbanization?
What potential benefit can arise from sufficiently rapid investment in infrastructure during urbanization?
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Which statement accurately describes the growth of per capita consumption among Africa's poor between 2000-05 and 2010-17?
Which statement accurately describes the growth of per capita consumption among Africa's poor between 2000-05 and 2010-17?
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What is the expected reduction in the extreme poverty rate in Africa from 2018 to 2030?
What is the expected reduction in the extreme poverty rate in Africa from 2018 to 2030?
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How many African countries achieved inclusive growth according to the available data?
How many African countries achieved inclusive growth according to the available data?
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Which of the following is NOT identified as a reason for the slower growth of the poor's consumption?
Which of the following is NOT identified as a reason for the slower growth of the poor's consumption?
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What percentage growth in per capita consumption is required for Africa to meet the Sustainable Development Goal target by 2030?
What percentage growth in per capita consumption is required for Africa to meet the Sustainable Development Goal target by 2030?
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Which region is expected to have poverty rates well above the 3% target by 2030?
Which region is expected to have poverty rates well above the 3% target by 2030?
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About how many extreme poor individuals are expected to remain in Africa by 2030?
About how many extreme poor individuals are expected to remain in Africa by 2030?
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What can be inferred about the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Africa?
What can be inferred about the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Africa?
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What are the two main "lessons learnt" by America that influence its forms of indirect involvement in Africa?
What are the two main "lessons learnt" by America that influence its forms of indirect involvement in Africa?
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What is the potential outcome of the rivalry between the US and China in Africa, according to the text?
What is the potential outcome of the rivalry between the US and China in Africa, according to the text?
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What is the most important thing for both the US and China to do in order to reduce the risk of conflict over Africa's resources, according to the text?
What is the most important thing for both the US and China to do in order to reduce the risk of conflict over Africa's resources, according to the text?
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What is a major factor driving China's approach to its economic interests in Africa?
What is a major factor driving China's approach to its economic interests in Africa?
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What is a key benefit of cooperation between the US and China in Africa?
What is a key benefit of cooperation between the US and China in Africa?
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How does the text characterize China's current position in Africa?
How does the text characterize China's current position in Africa?
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What is the author's overall conclusion about the US and China's priorities in Africa?
What is the author's overall conclusion about the US and China's priorities in Africa?
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What is the author's main argument about the role of the US and China in Africa?
What is the author's main argument about the role of the US and China in Africa?
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Flashcards
African Entrepreneurship Rate
African Entrepreneurship Rate
22% of working-age Africans start small businesses.
Mobile Payment Innovation
Mobile Payment Innovation
A breakthrough in Africa involving wireless payment systems.
Gender Parity in Entrepreneurship
Gender Parity in Entrepreneurship
Women in Africa are more likely to start businesses than elsewhere.
Digital Hubs
Digital Hubs
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Transformative Sectors
Transformative Sectors
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Agricultural Growth Potential
Agricultural Growth Potential
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Africa as a Breadbasket
Africa as a Breadbasket
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Social and Economic Progress
Social and Economic Progress
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Urbanization
Urbanization
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Megacities
Megacities
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Professional Educators
Professional Educators
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Climate Change Risks
Climate Change Risks
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Infrastructure Investment
Infrastructure Investment
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GDP Growth
GDP Growth
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Foreign Investment
Foreign Investment
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Extreme Weather Events
Extreme Weather Events
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Emerging African countries
Emerging African countries
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Economic growth
Economic growth
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Democratic governments
Democratic governments
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Debt crisis
Debt crisis
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Technological spread
Technological spread
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Economic turnaround (1996-2008)
Economic turnaround (1996-2008)
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Policymakers and activists
Policymakers and activists
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Historical stereotypes
Historical stereotypes
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China's Global Rise
China's Global Rise
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Imperialism
Imperialism
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Africa's Role in Strategy
Africa's Role in Strategy
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Postcolonial Weakness
Postcolonial Weakness
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Geopolitical Marginality
Geopolitical Marginality
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New Scramble for Africa
New Scramble for Africa
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US-Africa Relations
US-Africa Relations
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Rivalry in Africa
Rivalry in Africa
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Inclusive Growth
Inclusive Growth
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Extreme Poverty Rate
Extreme Poverty Rate
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Consumption Gap
Consumption Gap
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
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Poverty Rates
Poverty Rates
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Living Standards
Living Standards
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Per Capita Consumption
Per Capita Consumption
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Policy Initiatives
Policy Initiatives
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US-China Rivalry in Africa
US-China Rivalry in Africa
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Somalia Intervention
Somalia Intervention
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Libya Chaos
Libya Chaos
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Economic Interests
Economic Interests
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Zero-Sum Game
Zero-Sum Game
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Indirect Involvement
Indirect Involvement
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Raw Materials Acquisition
Raw Materials Acquisition
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Cooperation vs. Conflict
Cooperation vs. Conflict
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Study Notes
Emerging Africa in the framework of the sustainable development goals
- The presentation outlines the changing landscape of Africa over the past two decades, showing a shift from pessimism to optimism and a growing global interest in the region.
- Economic recovery in the mid-1990s led to record growth in many sub-Saharan African countries.
- The international media's perception of Africa shifted, reflecting this economic turnaround and fostering a sense of optimism and growth.
- Africa became a focus for investment and positioning by emerging and developed economies.
- Six of the world's ten fastest-growing economies were African in the past decade.
- Foreign investment has substantially increased in the last decade in Africa.
- Poverty rates have almost halved in comparison to 1990, and there are significant developments in health and education.
Why Africa today
- Rapid changes in Africa are evident in the last few decades.
- Both growth performances and the international image of the continent have undergone significant changes in the last few decades.
Changing Africa
- Significant U-turns in the growth rates and international image of the continent are a defining feature of the past 15-20 years.
- The continent has seen shifts from stagnation and pessimism to unprecedented progress and new prospects.
- Economic recovery fostered a change in how Africa was perceived globally.
- The international media began increasingly highlighting Africa's growth and progress.
The Six Megatrends
- Africa's people will be young: By 2050, Africa's population is projected to double to 2.5 billion, with 60% under 25. This demographic is a potential source of economic growth, particularly in manufacturing, energy, and digital technology.
- Africa's cities will be crowded: Urban areas will attract an additional billion residents by 2050, and the number of megacities (with populations of 10 million or more) is projected to increase to 14. This urbanization contributes to economic vibrancy and attracts foreign investment.
- The continent will be vulnerable to climate change: Despite contributing a small portion of global greenhouse gas emissions, Africa is highly vulnerable to climate change effects, including increased temperatures, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events. This presents a significant challenge to the continent's development trajectory.
- The continent will be a more active source of innovation and entrepreneurship: About 22% of working-age Africans start small businesses, compared with 18% in Latin America and 13% in Asia. The continent demonstrates a history of breakthrough innovation in areas like mobile payment and digital health care.
- The region will be more open to intracontinental cooperation: To create self-sufficiency and reduce reliance on external support, the continent needs more cooperation between its countries and businesses. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is an example of intracontinental cooperation designed to establish the world's largest trade bloc, covering 1.3 billion people, aiming to become operational by 2021.
- Africa will move quickly into digital technology: Digital technology has seen significant growth and expansion since 2010. The internet economy is projected to reach $712 billion by 2050, which is a result of more than 600 active digital and technological hubs within the continent, fostered by innovation from both local and global companies.
Political Changes
- Re-structuring the terrain of political competition and governance: Sovereign national conferences, widespread constitutional reforms, the end of single-party rule/military rule, the rise of multi-party politics, establishment of the independent electoral commissions, and adoption of mixed-list proportional representation systems have transformed political landscapes in Africa and promoted peaceful transitions of power. This has been coupled with a growth of non-governmental organizations which support democratic processes.
- The emergence of media pluralism: Media control transitioned from state-held monopoly to private newspapers, radio stations, and television stations in the 1990s. Digital satellite broadcasters and private internet service providers (ISPs) were contributing factors in this trend.
- The efflorescence of associational life: A surge in the quantity and diversity of civil associations at local, national, sub-regional, and continental levels emerged. These non-governmental organizations (NGOs) played a vital role in the continent's democratic transition and development.
- The demise of the last vestiges of colonial rule: the persistence of colonialism, racial discrimination, and the challenges to African nationalism have been declining.
- The revival of regional cooperation and integration efforts: Several initiatives are underway for sub-regional and continental-level governance. African efforts to enhance regional cooperation aim towards pan-African unity. The African Union (AU) represents an important step in strengthening regional integration, establishing a parliament, judicial system, and commission promoting conflict resolution.
- The changing nature of inter-state relations: Respecting the inviolability of borders and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries was common in the 1960s but was challenged in the 1990s due to conflicts (e.g. DRC). The current trend emphasizes that governments that perpetrate gross violations of human rights are not entitled to the principle of non-interference; this position is now generally acknowledged.
- The politics of transitional justice: Programs were introduced in the 1990s to address issues from the authoritarian past, aiming for national reconciliation. South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) is a prominent example.
The Context of Political Change
- Prolonged economic crisis: prolonged economic struggles led to a shift in the economic models to manage existing diversities and economic challenges. –The end of the Cold War and changing global dynamics: The end of Cold War and the collapse of the USSR and Warsaw Pact and the reunification of Germany changed geopolitical dynamics in Africa. –The emergence of a diaspora: The increase in migrants in the Americas and Europe has become an important element in the political context due to their growing influence, as a constituency, in affairs of their home countries.
African emerging economies: the leading economies of Africa in the 21st Century
- Several African countries have achieved remarkable economic growth in the past decades, despite experiencing poverty and conflicts.
- Many economies are emerging as major players in the global economy, with remarkable growth rates and increasing dominance in global markets.
###African economic outlook 2020
- Africa's economic growth has stabilized and is expected to pick up again.
- Growth has been weaker than anticipated for the continent despite some positive regional growth stories.
The End of “Emerging” Africa?
- The end of the commodity super-cycle has impacted economic efforts in some countries (e.g., Ebola-stricken Liberia, Sierra Leone, Zambia, Mozambique, etc.) causing a recovery slowdown.
- Sub-Saharan economies are not uniformly identical. Several economies, particularly South Africa, have more diversified economies.
- African states' vulnerabilities to global trends and the rise in commodity prices and political uncertainty are making the economic predictions for the coming years less certain.
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Description
This quiz explores the economic potential of Africa's agricultural sector and the rise of innovation and entrepreneurship on the continent. It examines key factors that influence business development and the unique advantages Africa possesses in global trade. Test your knowledge on the challenges and opportunities faced by entrepreneurs in Africa.