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Questions and Answers
What is necessary for quotas to be effective?
What is a result of discrimination not self-correcting?
What is a benefit of having a critical mass of women in decision-making bodies?
What is a benefit of affirmative action?
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What is an example of progress made in promoting gender equality?
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What is a characteristic of gender relations?
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What is a concept related to gender equality?
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What is a key feature of societies?
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In which century did Brazil emerge as the major producer of coffee?
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Where was cocoa originally introduced from?
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Who smuggled cocoa into the Gold Coast?
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What percentage of global cocoa production comes from West Africa?
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Which species of coffee were carried into South America?
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What is the main use of Robusta coffee?
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By which year had the Gold Coast emerged as the most important producer of cocoa?
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Why did the government of Ethiopia successfully get different varieties of coffee recognized?
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What is one aspect of culture that refers to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services?
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What is a symbol of the Ashantis' politico-religious identity?
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What do archaeologists study to identify past cultures?
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What is an aspect of culture that includes forms of entertainment?
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What is a misconception about development?
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Who defined development as 'a process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy'?
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What is a common misconception about African culture?
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What is an example of a language spoken by an ethnic group?
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What is the fundamental idea behind Pan-Africanism?
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When was the first Pan-African conference held?
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What is one of the goals of the Pan-African Movement?
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Who is considered the father of Pan-Africanism on the African continent?
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What was the mantra of Marcus Garvey?
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Who was the first Chairman of the African Unity in 1963/64?
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What is one of the goals of the Pan-African Movement in terms of business?
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What is the name of the proposed unified state of Africa and the Caribbean?
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What is one of the main goals of the course?
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What percentage of the course grade is allocated to the final exam?
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What is one of the learning objectives of Lecture 1?
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What is the percentage allocated to the Main Elective in the course assessment?
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What is one of the course activities?
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What is the percentage allocated to the interim assessment in the course?
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What is one of the topics covered in the course?
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What is one of the learning objectives of Lecture 1?
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Study Notes
Quotas and Affirmative Action
- Quotas are only effective when backed by law and accompanied by policies such as electoral reform, political education, mobilization of citizens, and removal of obstacles to women's ability to utilize the quotas.
- Affirmative action is necessary because discrimination does not self-correct and instead perpetuates itself.
- Affirmative action improves representation of women, ensures a critical mass that can make a difference, provides more female role models, and improves awareness of issues.
- It guarantees gender-balanced policy making at all levels of government and allows for considerable skills to be brought into decision-making structures.
Assessing Responses to Gender Inequality
- Progress has been made in promoting gender equality, with increased consciousness of its importance.
- Some issues are being addressed, such as narrowing the gap between boys and girls in education.
- There have been strong representations of women in politics in some countries, such as Rwanda and South Africa.
- Important legislations, such as domestic violence laws, have been passed.
- There has been an increase in women in professional careers and decision-making, improved maternal health coverage, and more access to credit for women.
Societies and Gender
- Societies are gendered, and gender is socially constructed.
- Gender relations involve power relations and privilege, as well as disadvantage, differently.
- The concepts of patriarchy, masculinity, gender equality, equity, and inequality are important to understand.
African Studies and Gender
- The course aims to make students aware of negative stereotypes about Africa and encourage them to challenge these stereotypes.
- The course aims to develop appropriate methodologies and frameworks for examining Africa and its past through multi-disciplinary approaches.
- The course highlights some of Africa's contributions to world civilizations and knowledge generation.
- The course enhances students' knowledge in specific areas of African Humanities and Social Sciences.
Course Requirements
- Assessments include an interim assessment, course activities, and a final exam.
- Course activities include formal instruction, readings, group discussions, assignments, and presentations.
Value of African Studies
- The value of African Studies lies in understanding the distinctive nature of Africa, explaining various (mis)representations of Africa, and appreciating Africa's significant contribution to world civilization.
Coffee and Cocoa Production
- Coffee was carried by the French and Dutch into botanical gardens in the Americas, and later became a significant crop in Africa.
- Ethiopia, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Kenya are significant producers of Arabica coffee, while Côte d'Ivoire is a major producer of Robusta coffee.
- Cocoa is a South American crop that was introduced into West Africa, where it is now largely produced, with Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana being the dominant producers.
Pan-African Movement
- The Pan-African Movement originated in the 1900s as a response to slavery and colonialism in Africa.
- The movement aimed to create the United States of Africa, ensure closer ties between people of African descent, and promote African businesses and commerce globally.
- Some key leaders of the Pan-African Movement include H.S. Williams, W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, George Padmore, Kwame Nkrumah, and Haile Selassie I.
Culture
- Culture includes aspects such as economy, politics, technology, entertainment, and language.
- A society's technology and sciences are crucial to its culture.
- Language is also an important aspect of culture, with many ethnic groups being known by the terms that refer to their languages.
- Culture is often identified by its performance arts, such as dances, music, games, and drama.
Misconceptions about Development
- Development is not equivalent to Westernization or modernization.
- Development is not solely about economic growth or per capita income/GDP.
- Development is not a project or a definite state that some countries have attained, but others never will.
- African culture does not hinder development.
- Development is not solely about attaining certain goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Definitions of Development
- Amartya Sen defines development as a process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy.
- Other definitions of development may include economic growth, poverty reduction, and improvement in living standards.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Africa's past, contributions, and its impact on world civilizations. Learn about debunking stereotypes and exploring multidisciplinary approaches to studying Africa.
