African Enslavement in the British Caribbean

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Questions and Answers

Which of these areas was NOT a part of the Forest State from which enslaved Africans were taken?

  • Ghana (correct)
  • Oyo
  • Dahome
  • Benin

Enslavement was a system in which people were treated as complete property.

True (A)

What is the name given to the second leg of the triangular slave trade?

Middle Passage

The term ______ refers to the entire acreage used for growing crops like sugar cane and producing byproducts like sugar, rum, and molasses.

<p>plantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Chattel slavery = The action of resisting. Resistance = The entire route of the ships involved in the slave trade. Trans-Atlantic trade = A system of slavery where enslaved people are treated as complete property. Production = The act of producing something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the drastic change from large-scale tobacco cultivation to large-scale sugar cultivation?

<p>Sugar Revolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the unfair treatment of someone to benefit from their work?

<p>Exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The slave trade primarily transported people from the Americas to Africa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term ______ is used to refer to the ships used in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.

<p>slaver</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes the inhabitants of a colony?

<p>Colonists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following were NOT Savannah States?

<p>Oyo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Savannah States were primarily known for their dense forests.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were three main activities that contributed to the prosperity of the Savannah States?

<p>Farming, agriculture, and cattle/goat rearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ States were known for their extensive trade networks, which included goods like salt, gold, ivory, kola nuts, and _____.

<p>Savannah</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Forest States with their corresponding activities:

<p>Oyo = Known for its extensive slave trade Benin = Famous for its bronze casting Dahome = Practiced a complex form of government with a powerful king Asante = Celebrated for its gold mining and trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these was NOT a reason for slavery in West Africa before European arrival?

<p>Religious persecution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arrival of Europeans in 1515 marked the beginning of slavery in West Africa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were two notable consequences of the expansion of trade in the Savannah States?

<p>The transformation of small settlements into large cities and the rise of powerful empires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a Forest State in Africa?

<p>Mali (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Forest States were already powerful and developed before the arrival of Europeans.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of agricultural products were commonly grown by the people in the Forest States?

<p>Yam, cassava, and bananas</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Forest States traded ______, leopard skin, and pepper with the north.

<p>ebony</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Forest States with their respective rulers:

<p>Oyo = Alafin Benin = Oba Dahome = King Asante = Asantehene</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rulers of Benin were less powerful than the rulers of the Yoruba towns.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these was NOT a trading good from the Edo merchants before the arrival of Europeans?

<p>Gold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main source of revenue for the kings of the Savannah Empires?

<p>Taxes on merchants passing through their lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for capturing young men and boys in tribal raids for slavery?

<p>They were needed for labor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All ages and genders were sought after in raids for slaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how slaves were transported to the coast after being captured.

<p>Slaves were marched in groups called coffles, often chained together to ensure they kept pace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a slave scramble, slaves were _____ at auction to the highest bidder.

<p>sold</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods used to acquire slaves with their descriptions:

<p>Slave scramble = Slaves were sold at auction to the highest bidder. Tribal raids = Capture of individuals during conflicts between tribes. Coffles = Groups of slaves chained together during transport. Auction = Public sale where goods or individuals are sold to the highest bidder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a reason why Africans were brought to the Caribbean?

<p>Extended land grants for indentured servants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Africans were available in large numbers due to the established slave systems already existing in Africa.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the areas from which enslaved Africans were taken.

<p>Ghana, Nigeria, or Angola</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary religion practiced by Europeans during this period was ______.

<p>Christianity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following reasons for bringing Africans to the Caribbean with their descriptions:

<p>Cost advantage = Financially viable option for plantations Skilled agriculturists = Experience in tropical farming Labor supply = Large number of workers available for plantations Decline of Amerindian population = Insufficient local workforce</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Bartholomew de Las Casas suggest regarding the labor force in the Caribbean?

<p>To rely on African slaves for labor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Slavery was considered a necessary measure for profitable sugar cultivation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What climatic similarity existed between Africa and the Caribbean that benefited slave labor?

<p>Both regions have tropical climates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following were commodities traded in the Transatlantic Slave Trade?

<p>Textiles (A), Sugar (B), Molasses (C), Guns (D), Salt (E), Gold (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Middle Passage' refers to the journey enslaved Africans endured on ships crossing the Atlantic.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were two methods used to capture slaves in Africa during the Transatlantic Slave Trade?

<p>Criminals sold as punishment by chiefs, capture during raids by African and European gangs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three main regions involved in the Transatlantic Slave Trade were Western Europe, West Africa, and the ______.

<p>West Indies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the conditions aboard slave ships during the Middle Passage?

<p>Enslaved Africans were cramped, often chained together, and faced disease, malnutrition, and violence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason why Europeans sought enslaved Africans for labor in the Caribbean?

<p>The need for a large and cheap labor force to cultivate profitable crops such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Transatlantic Slave Trade was solely a European endeavor, with no involvement from African leaders.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chattel slavery

A system where enslaved persons are owned as property and can be bought or sold.

Colonists

Inhabitants of a colony, usually settling in a new land.

Enslavement

The process or system of making someone a slave.

Middle Passage

The second leg of the triangular slave trade transporting enslaved Africans to America.

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Plantation

Large farmland dedicated to cultivating crops like sugar cane and producing its byproducts.

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Sugar Revolution

A shift from growing tobacco to sugar on a large scale for export.

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Trans-Atlantic trade

The entire route of ships involved in the slave trade across the Atlantic Ocean.

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Exploitation

Treating someone unfairly to benefit from their work.

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Resistance

The act of opposing or fighting against something.

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West Africa origins

Regions in West Africa where enslaved Africans were primarily sourced from, including Oyo and Dahomey.

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Savannah States

Regions in West Africa including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, known for fertile land.

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Forest States

Regions in West Africa including Oyo, Benin, Dahomey, and Asante with dense vegetation.

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West African Societies

Diverse societies with various states existing before European arrival, involved in different trades.

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Reasons for Enslavement

Africans were enslaved for debt, punishment, and sacrifice in West Africa prior to European contact.

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Trade Goods

Items traded in Savannah States such as salt, gold, ivory, and kola nuts, along with slaves later on.

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Transformation to Cities

The growth of settlements into cities due to increased trade and the need for governance in the Savannah.

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Capturing Slaves

Methods used to seize individuals for slavery, often involving raids or deception.

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Economic Activities

Popular economies in the Savannah including agriculture, weaving, and crafting.

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Songhai Empire

A powerful West African empire that ruled during the 15th century, noted for its role in the slave trade.

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Mali Empire

A prominent West African empire that thrived before the Songhai Empire, rich due to trade taxes.

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Ghana Empire

An earlier powerful empire in West Africa, which was succeeded by the Mali Empire.

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Yoruba People

A major ethnic group in the forest region known for their organized towns and trade centers.

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Oba of Benin

The title for the rulers in the Benin kingdom, more powerful than the Yoruba Obas.

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Benin Trade

Before European contact, Edo merchants in Benin traded ivory, pepper, and ebony, generating wealth.

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Forest Agriculture

The agricultural practices in the Forest States involving crops like yam and cassava.

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Slave Scramble

A method where Africans were grouped and sold to the highest bidder at auction.

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Coffles

Chains linking captured slaves marched to the coast; used for transport to slave ships.

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Capture Methods

Ways in which individuals were seized for slavery, often through raids or wars.

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Target Age for Capture

Boys and men aged 16 to 40 were primarily sought during slave capturing raids.

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Journey to the Coast

The process of transporting captured slaves to the coast, often under harsh conditions.

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Reasons for African Enslavement

Various motives led to the capture of Africans for slavery, including labor demand in the Caribbean.

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Christianity and Slavery

Europeans believed converting Africans to Christianity justified their enslavement.

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Direct Descendants of Ham

Europeans thought Africans were cursed descendants of Ham, destined for servitude.

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Bartholomew de Las Casas

A Spanish priest who suggested using African slaves instead of Indigenous people.

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Sugar Cultivation Demand

The sugar industry needed a large, cheap workforce, leading to increased African slavery.

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Decline of Amerindian Population

The reduced Indigenous workforce made Africans a primary labor source in the Caribbean.

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Cost Advantages of Slavery

Planters favored African slaves as they were enslaved for life, reducing labor costs.

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Climate Similarity

Africa's tropical climate made Africans suitable for agricultural work in the Caribbean.

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Triangular Trade

A three-point trading system between Western Europe, West Africa, and the West Indies during the slave trade.

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Middle Passage Experience

The brutal journey enslaved Africans endured on ships crossing the Atlantic.

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Causes of Enslavement

Reasons for African enslaving, including debt, punishment, and raiding for labor demand.

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Life of a Slave

Harsh conditions and lack of freedom for enslaved Africans in the Caribbean.

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Slaves Sold by Chiefs

Africans sold into slavery by local leaders as punishment or debt repayment.

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Prisoners of War

Individuals incapacitated during conflicts and sold into slavery post-war.

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Crops in Colonies

Important agricultural products like sugar and tobacco cultivated in Caribbean colonies.

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Study Notes

African Enslavement in the British Caribbean (17th-19th Century)

  • The presentation discusses the enslavement of Africans in the British Caribbean during the 17th and 19th centuries.
  • Key concepts and terms related to this topic are defined.
  • Objectives for the lesson include defining key terms and identifying areas in West Africa where enslaved people originated.
  • An introductory activity was presented using a quote from Bob Marley.
  • Chattel slavery is a system of slavery where enslaved people are considered property, bought and sold.
  • Colonists are inhabitants of a colony.
  • Enslavement is the act of making someone a slave.
  • Enslaved Africans are persons of African origin forced into slavery.
  • Ethnic groups are communities with shared cultural backgrounds.
  • Exploitation is treating someone unfairly to benefit from their work.
  • Inferior means lower in quality or status.
  • Middle Passage is the segment of the triangular slave trade where enslaved people are transported across the Atlantic.
  • Plantation is an area of land dedicated to growing cash crops, such as sugar cane.
  • Production is the creation of something.
  • Resistance is opposing or opposing an action.
  • Settlers are people who move to a new area to live or work.
  • Sugar Revolution is a shift from tobacco cultivation to sugar cultivation on a large scale.
  • Slaver is a ship used for the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.
  • Slave Trade is the sale of African people primarily to plantation owners in the Americas.
  • Superior means higher in status or quality.
  • Trans-Atlantic trade is the entire route of ships engaged in the slave trade.

Locating Africa on a Map

  • Students need to locate Africa on a world map.

Areas of West Africa Where Enslavement Occurred

  • The region from Senegal River to Congo River in West Africa supplied the majority of enslaved people.
  • Specific areas mentioned as locations from which people were enslaved include the Forest States (Oyo, Benin, Dahomey, Ashanti), and areas later referred to as the Grain Coast, Ivory Coast, Gold Coast, and Slave Coast.
  • Important ethnic groups from the regions included the Ibo and Yoruba (Nigeria) and Ashanti (Ghana).
  • The presentation includes visuals of maps for reference.

Homework Assignment

  • Students need to research and mark on a world map areas in West Africa from which Africans were taken into slavery.

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