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What was the primary system of labor imposed upon Africans in British North America during the colonial era?
What was the primary system of labor imposed upon Africans in British North America during the colonial era?
How did Europeans primarily acquire enslaved Africans from the western coast of the continent?
How did Europeans primarily acquire enslaved Africans from the western coast of the continent?
What was the approximate number of enslaved Africans forcibly brought to the New World from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century?
What was the approximate number of enslaved Africans forcibly brought to the New World from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century?
What was the 'Middle Passage' mentioned in the text?
What was the 'Middle Passage' mentioned in the text?
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What were the primary goods demanded by African slave traders in exchange for enslaved Africans?
What were the primary goods demanded by African slave traders in exchange for enslaved Africans?
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What was the fate of almost 2 million enslaved Africans during the international slave trade?
What was the fate of almost 2 million enslaved Africans during the international slave trade?
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Which crop production in the European colonial possessions led to a horrifying death rate for enslaved Africans?
Which crop production in the European colonial possessions led to a horrifying death rate for enslaved Africans?
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What was the racial, lifetime, and hereditary condition of slavery in the British North American colonies?
What was the racial, lifetime, and hereditary condition of slavery in the British North American colonies?
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In which areas did enslaved people outnumber white colonists in the Southern colonies?
In which areas did enslaved people outnumber white colonists in the Southern colonies?
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What factor made large slaveholding incompatible with farms in the North?
What factor made large slaveholding incompatible with farms in the North?
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What made it cheaper to work slaves to death and import replacements in the Caribbean and South America?
What made it cheaper to work slaves to death and import replacements in the Caribbean and South America?
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What was the primary agricultural product raised by planters and farmers in the Chesapeake and low country of the Carolinas?
What was the primary agricultural product raised by planters and farmers in the Chesapeake and low country of the Carolinas?
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What characterized the diverse nature of enslavement for African Americans in the 13 colonies?
What characterized the diverse nature of enslavement for African Americans in the 13 colonies?
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'King' Carter held more than how many people in bondage?
'King' Carter held more than how many people in bondage?
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'Large plantations frequently held more than how many enslaved people?
'Large plantations frequently held more than how many enslaved people?
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What type of system was slavery at its core?
What type of system was slavery at its core?
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Study Notes
Labor System in British North America
- The primary system of labor imposed on Africans was chattel slavery, which considered enslaved people as property.
Acquisition of Enslaved Africans
- Europeans primarily acquired enslaved Africans through the transatlantic slave trade, involving complex networks of capture and trade.
Number of Enslaved Africans
- Approximately 12 million enslaved Africans were forcibly brought to the New World between the 15th and 19th centuries.
Middle Passage
- The 'Middle Passage' refers to the brutal sea voyage that transported enslaved Africans from Africa to the New World, marked by overcrowding and high mortality rates.
Goods Demanded by African Slave Traders
- African slave traders demanded textiles, metal goods, rum, and firearms in exchange for enslaved individuals.
Fate of Enslaved Africans
- Nearly 2 million enslaved Africans perished during the international slave trade due to harsh conditions, diseases, and ill-treatment.
Death Rates in Crop Production
- The production of sugarcane and cotton in the Caribbean and South America led to horrifying death rates among enslaved Africans due to grueling labor and poor living conditions.
Racial Conditions of Slavery
- Slavery in the British North American colonies was racialized, hereditary, and lifelong, causing systemic inequality and oppression.
Population Dynamics in the South
- In certain regions of the Southern colonies, especially in the low-country and parts of Virginia, enslaved people greatly outnumbered white colonists.
Northern vs. Southern Slaveholding
- The northern climate was less conducive to large-scale plantations, making large slaveholding less compatible with farming in those areas.
Labor Practices in the Caribbean
- Economic strategies in the Caribbean made it cheaper for planters to work enslaved individuals to death and import replacements, due to the high profitability of sugar production.
Primary Crops in Chesapeake Region
- Tobacco was the primary agricultural product raised by planters and farmers in the Chesapeake and low country of the Carolinas.
Diversity of Enslavement Experiences
- The nature of enslavement for African Americans in the 13 colonies was diverse, varying by region and the type of plantation or labor system.
Scale of Enslavement
- 'King' Carter held over 500 enslaved people in bondage at his peak, illustrating the extent of some colonial plantations.
Large Plantations
- Large plantations often held more than 100 enslaved individuals, highlighting the scale of agricultural operations in the South.
Core of Slavery System
- Slavery was fundamentally an economic system aimed at maximizing profit through forced labor.
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Description
Explore the system of unfree and coerced labor imposed upon Africans in British North America during the colonial era. Learn about the racial, lifelong, and hereditary conditions of enslavement, as well as its unique and diverse character within the larger Atlantic System.
