Questions and Answers
What is the number of fingerprints stored in the Automated Fingerprint Identification System?
50 million
What glands are associated with hair follicles?
apocrine
On the right hand, which pattern opens towards the left?
radial
What is the minutiae pattern that looks like a 'Y'?
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Chloride from salt in sweat on a print combines with what to form dark colored prints?
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What chemical, when fumed, causes fingerprints to appear brown and then quickly fade?
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What is a fingerprint pattern that resembles a bulls' eye?
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What is the arch pattern with a spike in the middle called?
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What whorl pattern is made up of any two loops combined into one print?
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What is a triangular ridge pattern with ridges going in different directions above and below a triangle called?
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What is the FBI's electronic storage and search program for fingerprints called?
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What is the fingerprint pattern in which the ridge enters from one side, curves, then exits on the same side?
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During which week of pregnancy do fingerprints typically form?
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What is a hidden fingerprint made visible through the use of powders or other techniques called?
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What glands are associated with the hands and feet?
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What is the combination of details in the shapes and positions of ridges in fingerprints that make each one unique called?
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What type of fingerprint occurs when fingers with substances like blood or ink transfer their pattern to a surface?
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To be absolutely certain two prints match, they must have how many common minutiae?
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What fingerprint pattern has the ridge pattern originating on one side and leaving through the other?
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What is the center of a loop or whorl pattern called?
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What cells grow faster than the layers above and below, causing the shapes of a fingerprint to form?
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Fingerprints are classified as what type of evidence?
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What is a 3-D fingerprint made in soft material such as clay or wax called?
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What is the time it takes AFIS to produce a list of potential matches from a fingerprint?
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What is the superglue fingerprinting method called?
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What appears white on a fingerprint image?
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In what color do these appear when amino acids react with ninhydrin?
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What appears dark on a fingerprint image?
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What method is used to lift fingerprints after dusting?
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What is an impression left on any surface consisting of patterns made by ridges on a fingertip called?
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What is the study of fingerprints called?
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What is the maximum number of minutiae found to be shared between two different individuals?
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What method of fingerprinting is still used today?
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What is the outermost layer of skin called?
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On the left hand, what loop pattern opens towards the left?
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Study Notes
Fingerprint Identification Overview
- Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) stores approximately 50 million fingerprints.
- FBI utilizes AFIS as its electronic storage and search program for fingerprints.
Fingerprint Patterns
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Loop Patterns:
- Right hand: radial loops open towards the left.
- Left hand: ulnar loops open towards the left.
- Whorl Patterns: Resembles a bulls' eye; can include double loops formed from two loops combined.
- Arch Patterns: Can feature spikes; specifically, a tented arch has a spike in the middle.
Minutiae and Ridge Characteristics
- Unique fingerprint features known as minutiae include bifurcations that appear as a "Y".
- A delta is a triangular ridge pattern observed in loop and whorl formations.
- Common matching criterion requires at least 12 shared minutiae to establish a match.
- Maximum number of minutiae found between different individuals is 8.
Fingerprint Formation
- Fingerprints typically develop during the 10th week of pregnancy due to the basal layer of skin cells transforming as they grow.
Techniques for Revealing Fingerprints
- Latent Fingerprints: Hidden and made visible using techniques such as powders.
- Patent Fingerprints: Visible prints made by transferring substances like blood or ink.
- Plastic Fingerprints: 3D impressions left in soft materials like clay or wax.
- Fuming Techniques: Iodine causes fingerprints to initially appear brown before fading; silver nitrate combines with chloride from sweat to yield dark prints.
Chemical & Physical Methods
- Ninhydrin reacts with amino acids in sweat, resulting in purple-blue prints.
- Superglue fingerprinting method uses cyanocrylate.
- Tape is commonly utilized to lift fingerprints after dusting.
Layers and Components of Skin
- Epidermis: The outermost layer of skin where fingerprints are formed.
- Eccrine glands are linked with hands and feet, while apocrine glands are associated with hair follicles.
General Fingerprint Facts
- Fingerprints are classified as individual evidence, which is unique to each person.
- Study of fingerprints is referred to as dactyloscopy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on fingerprint identification concepts with this crossword review flashcard quiz. Covering key terms and definitions, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of the Automated Fingerprint Identification System and related patterns. Perfect for students studying forensic science!
