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Questions and Answers
Which term refers to the probability that death will be the end result of a disease?
Which term refers to the probability that death will be the end result of a disease?
- Prevalence
- Mortality (correct)
- Morbidity
- Prognosis
What does the term 'idiopathic' refer to?
What does the term 'idiopathic' refer to?
- Direct cause of disease
- Present at birth
- Likely disease outcome
- Cause unknown (correct)
Which term describes the structural or functional abnormality responsible for ill health?
Which term describes the structural or functional abnormality responsible for ill health?
- Lesion (correct)
- Pathogenesis
- Aetiology
- Complication
What aspect of disease does epidemiology focus on?
What aspect of disease does epidemiology focus on?
What is the main difference between prevalence and morbidity?
What is the main difference between prevalence and morbidity?
What does the term 'pathogenesis' refer to in the context of disease?
What does the term 'pathogenesis' refer to in the context of disease?
What is the difference between aetiology and risk factors?
What is the difference between aetiology and risk factors?
Which mechanism is responsible for causing tissue injury due to micro-organisms and other harmful agents?
Which mechanism is responsible for causing tissue injury due to micro-organisms and other harmful agents?
What are the common symptoms of a disease?
What are the common symptoms of a disease?
What does 'multifactorial aetiology' refer to?
What does 'multifactorial aetiology' refer to?
What does the term 'syndrome' refer to in the context of diseases?
What does the term 'syndrome' refer to in the context of diseases?
What does 'unknown aetiology' classify as?
What does 'unknown aetiology' classify as?
Aetiology refers to the mechanism through which a disease cause operates to produce the pathological and clinical manifestations.
Aetiology refers to the mechanism through which a disease cause operates to produce the pathological and clinical manifestations.
Carcinogenesis is the mechanism by which cancer-causing agents result in the development of tumors.
Carcinogenesis is the mechanism by which cancer-causing agents result in the development of tumors.
Epidemiology focuses on the structural and functional features of diseases.
Epidemiology focuses on the structural and functional features of diseases.
Genetic aetiology refers to diseases that are due to a combination of genetic and environmental causes.
Genetic aetiology refers to diseases that are due to a combination of genetic and environmental causes.
Risk factor is the initiator of the subsequent events resulting in a patient’s illness.
Risk factor is the initiator of the subsequent events resulting in a patient’s illness.
Degeneration is a response to many micro-organisms and other harmful agents causing tissue injury.
Degeneration is a response to many micro-organisms and other harmful agents causing tissue injury.
Pathogenesis refers to the direct cause of a disease.
Pathogenesis refers to the direct cause of a disease.
Prevalence of a disease refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Prevalence of a disease refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Morbidity of a disease represents the proportion of patients with that disease during a given year per given unit of population.
Morbidity of a disease represents the proportion of patients with that disease during a given year per given unit of population.
Aetiology mainly focuses on the prognosis and likely disease outcome.
Aetiology mainly focuses on the prognosis and likely disease outcome.
Idiopathic means that the cause of a disease is known.
Idiopathic means that the cause of a disease is known.
Epidemiology focuses on the structural and functional damage caused by diseases.
Epidemiology focuses on the structural and functional damage caused by diseases.
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Study Notes
- Aetiology and pathogenesis of diseases: Overview of the causes, mechanisms, manifestations, and consequences of diseases
- Aetiology:
- Cause of diseases
- Genetic: Inherited or acquired during conception, embryogenesis, or post-natal life
- Environmental: Infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites), chemicals, or physical factors (radiation, mechanical trauma)
- Multifactorial: Combination of genetic and environmental factors
- Unknown aetiology: Classified as idiopathic, primary, essential, spontaneous, or cryptogenic
- Pathogenesis:
- Mechanism through which aetiology operates to produce pathological and clinical manifestations
- Examples: Inflammation, degeneration, carcinogenesis
- Manifestations of disease:
- Characteristics of diseases: structural and functional features, symptoms, signs, complications, and prognosis
- Complications: secondary or distant effects of a disease
- Prognosis: anticipated outcome of the disease
- Epidemiology:
- Determination of causes, incidence, mortality, and characteristic behavior of disease outbreaks affecting human populations
- Morbidity: disease state of an individual or incidence of illness in a population
- Mortality: probability of death as a result of the disease
- Prevalence: total number of cases of a disease in a specified population at a designated time
- Relationship between Aetiology, Pathogenesis, and Disease:
- Disease: structural and functional damage
- Complication: secondary or distant effect of the disease
- Terminology:
- Symptoms: patient complaints
- Signs: physical findings
- Syndrome: aggregate of signs and symptoms or a combination of lesions required for diagnosis
- Lung cancer: specific example of a disease with aetiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, and epidemiology.
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