Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of aerosol therapy?
What is the primary goal of aerosol therapy?
- To reduce the therapeutic index of medications.
- To deliver a therapeutic dose of a selected agent to the desired site of action. (correct)
- To minimize local drug concentration.
- To increase systemic drug exposure.
Which of the following is a key concept to understand the characteristics of aerosols?
Which of the following is a key concept to understand the characteristics of aerosols?
- Expiratory flow rate
- Aerosol output (correct)
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- Functional residual capacity
Particle size of an aerosol depends on which of the following factors?
Particle size of an aerosol depends on which of the following factors?
- Substance being nebulized (correct)
- Gas source pressure
- Patient's age
- Room humidity
What does MMAD primarily measure?
What does MMAD primarily measure?
What does a larger geometric standard deviation (GSD) indicate about an aerosol's particle sizes?
What does a larger geometric standard deviation (GSD) indicate about an aerosol's particle sizes?
Which of the following is a key determinant of aerosol deposition in the lungs?
Which of the following is a key determinant of aerosol deposition in the lungs?
What is the primary deposition mechanism for larger aerosol particles (>5 μm)?
What is the primary deposition mechanism for larger aerosol particles (>5 μm)?
Which deposition mechanism is most relevant for very small particles (<3 μm) in the deep lung?
Which deposition mechanism is most relevant for very small particles (<3 μm) in the deep lung?
How does breath-holding after aerosol inhalation affect aerosol deposition?
How does breath-holding after aerosol inhalation affect aerosol deposition?
What is 'aging' in the context of aerosol therapy?
What is 'aging' in the context of aerosol therapy?
What is the primary hazard associated with aerosol drug therapy?
What is the primary hazard associated with aerosol drug therapy?
Which of the following is a potential hazard related to bland aerosol administration?
Which of the following is a potential hazard related to bland aerosol administration?
What is the purpose of 'priming' a pMDI?
What is the purpose of 'priming' a pMDI?
Why is proper timing of actuation intervals important when using a pMDI?
Why is proper timing of actuation intervals important when using a pMDI?
What is a common concern with open-mouth pMDI technique?
What is a common concern with open-mouth pMDI technique?
How do spacers improve pMDI delivery?
How do spacers improve pMDI delivery?
Which of the following is a key requirement for effective use of a DPI?
Which of the following is a key requirement for effective use of a DPI?
Why are DPIs generally not recommended for infants and small children?
Why are DPIs generally not recommended for infants and small children?
What is a characteristic of a multiple-dose drug reservoir DPI?
What is a characteristic of a multiple-dose drug reservoir DPI?
What is a critical step to avoid when cleaning a DPI?
What is a critical step to avoid when cleaning a DPI?
How are pneumatic jet nebulizers categorized?
How are pneumatic jet nebulizers categorized?
What is the most common power source for nebulizers used in clinical settings?
What is the most common power source for nebulizers used in clinical settings?
Which small-volume nebulizer (SVN) category utilizes a system of vents and one-way valves?
Which small-volume nebulizer (SVN) category utilizes a system of vents and one-way valves?
What is the purpose of a reservoir bag on a continuous nebulizer?
What is the purpose of a reservoir bag on a continuous nebulizer?
Why is a slow inspiratory flow recommended for optimizing SVN aerosol deposition?
Why is a slow inspiratory flow recommended for optimizing SVN aerosol deposition?
Why are aerosols not administered to a crying child?
Why are aerosols not administered to a crying child?
What is a key component of assessing a patient's response to bronchodilator therapy?
What is a key component of assessing a patient's response to bronchodilator therapy?
What should patients be taught regarding bronchodilator therapy?
What should patients be taught regarding bronchodilator therapy?
Why is a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) considered a barrier to aerosol administration during mechanical ventilation?
Why is a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) considered a barrier to aerosol administration during mechanical ventilation?
What potential environmental hazard is associated with nebulized drug administration?
What potential environmental hazard is associated with nebulized drug administration?
Flashcards
What is an aerosol?
What is an aerosol?
A suspension of solid or liquid particles in gas.
What is the aim of aerosol therapy?
What is the aim of aerosol therapy?
To deliver a therapeutic dose of a selected agent to the desired site of action in the respiratory tract, while also providing a higher therapeutic index and lower systemic effects..
Key concepts for aerosol characteristics?
Key concepts for aerosol characteristics?
Aerosol output, particle size, deposition, and aging.
What are the three types of deposition?
What are the three types of deposition?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Aerosol Aging?
What is Aerosol Aging?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What 3 factors does particle size depend on?
What 3 factors does particle size depend on?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What does MMAD stand for?
What does MMAD stand for?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What does VMD stand for?
What does VMD stand for?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are heterodisperse aerosols?
What are heterodisperse aerosols?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are monodisperse aerosols?
What are monodisperse aerosols?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Name some determinants for deposition.
Name some determinants for deposition.
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is inertial impaction?
What is inertial impaction?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is sedimentation?
What is sedimentation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Brownian diffusion?
What is Brownian diffusion?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Scintigraphy?
What is Scintigraphy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Primary hazard of aerosol drug therapy?
Primary hazard of aerosol drug therapy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Name some aerosol generators.
Name some aerosol generators.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Timing of actuation intervals for pMDI?
Timing of actuation intervals for pMDI?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Where does aerosol mainly deposit?
Where does aerosol mainly deposit?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are Dry Powder Inhalers?
What are Dry Powder Inhalers?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Inspirtatory Flow Requirements for DPI?
Inspirtatory Flow Requirements for DPI?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the 3 categories of Nebulizers?
What are the 3 categories of Nebulizers?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Technique for SVN aerosol deposition?
Technique for SVN aerosol deposition?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Special Medication Delivery Issues for Infants and small children?
Special Medication Delivery Issues for Infants and small children?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is 'Blow-by' technique?
What is 'Blow-by' technique?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What should patients be taught?
What should patients be taught?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are some special considerations?
What are some special considerations?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the aerosol generator options for mechanical ventilation?
What are the aerosol generator options for mechanical ventilation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Advantage of Vibrating Mesh nebulizer during Mech Vent?
Advantage of Vibrating Mesh nebulizer during Mech Vent?
Signup and view all the flashcards
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Aerosols are suspensions of solid or liquid particles in gas
- Medical aerosols are created using atomizers, nebulizers, and inhalers
- Aerosol therapy aims to deliver a therapeutic dose of a selected drug to the desired site of action in the nose, throat, airways, or deep lung
- Aerosol medication provides a higher therapeutic index due to higher local drug concentration in the lung and lower systemic effects
Key Concepts for Aerosol Characteristics
- Aerosol output
- Particle size
- Deposition
- Aging refers to changes in aerosol over time
Particle Size Factors
- Substance being nebulized
- Method used to generate the aerosol
- Environmental conditions
Methods to Measure Aerosol Particle Distribution
- Cascade impaction measures mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)
- Laser diffraction measures volume median diameter (VMD)
Heterodisperse Aerosols
- Medical aerosols that contain particles of many different sizes
- Geometric standard deviation (GSD) describes the variability of particle sizes in aerosols
- Heterodisperse aerosols have particles of different sizes, while monodisperse aerosols have particles of similar sizes
- A greater GSD indicates a wider range of particle sizes and more heterodisperse aerosols
Determinants for aerosol Deposition
- Inspiratory flow rate
- Flow pattern
- Respiratory rate
- Inhaled volume
- I:E ratio
- Breath-holding
Key Mechanisms of Aerosol Deposition
- Inertial impaction
- Gravimetric sedimentation
- Brownian diffusion
Inertial Impaction
- Occurs when aerosols in motion collide with and deposit on a surface
- Primary deposition mechanism for larger particles, specifically those greater than 5 μm
- Greater mass and velocity increases inertia of a moving object and tendency to continue its path
Sedimentation
- Aerosol particles settle out of suspension due to gravity
- Primary mechanism for deposition of smaller particles (1-5 μm)
- Breath-holding after inhalation increases sedimentation and distribution across the lungs
- A greater particle mass results in faster settling
Brownian Diffusion
- Primary deposition mechanism for very small particles (<3 μm) deep within the lung
- Particles between 1 and 0.5 μm have very low mass and are stable, remaining in suspension and are exhaled back into the environment
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
