Aeroplane Systems and Instruments (CASA B1-11f)
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Questions and Answers

What are the knowledge level indicators defined as in the context of Category A, B1, B2, and C Aircraft Maintenance Licence?

LEVEL 1, LEVEL 2, LEVEL 3

What is the main objective of LEVEL 1 knowledge?

  • To be familiar with basic elements of the subject (correct)
  • To interpret results from various sources
  • To use mathematical formulae
  • To combine and apply separate elements of knowledge

    • In LEVEL 2 knowledge, applicants should be able to give a detailed description of the subject.

    False

    The applicant should understand and be able to use _ formulae related to the subject in LEVEL 3 knowledge.

    <p>mathematical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four regions the atmosphere is classified into based on temperature variation with altitude?

    <p>troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere contains all of the world's weather?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The weight of the atmosphere on Earth's surface causes an air pressure of about _____ psi.

    <p>14.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atmospheric pressure decreases with height above the Earth's surface.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) provide for aircraft and engine performance calculations?

    <p>standard set of conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of a pitot static system?

    <p>Pitot probe and static ports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instruments are part of the pitot static system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pitot static system is used to measure only static pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bellows is used in a manifold pressure gauge to reference measured pressure to a vacuum?

    <p>Sylphon-type bellows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Instrument sensing elements are not affected by temperature changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metals are bonded together in a bimetallic strip?

    <p>brass and invar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The system of ports and tubing on the aircraft which supplies pitot and static pressure for the instruments is called the __________ system.

    <p>pitot static</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an altimeter in an aircraft?

    <p>Indicating altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which barometric code is used to set the altimeter reading to zero feet on landing and take-off?

    <p>QNH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Airspeed equals ground speed in all flight conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An airspeed indicator provides information displayed in ________.

    <p>knots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following airspeed indicator elements with their descriptions:

    <p>Pitot probe and Static vents = Detecting Differential Capsule or stack of differential capsules = Measuring Lever system = Coupling Sector gears, magnification gearing, pointer and dial = Indicating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the aircraft's true airspeed (V) to the speed of sound (α) known as?

    <p>Mach number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Mach number at which supersonic airflow first occurs on an aircraft?

    <p>Critical Mach Number (Mcrit)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maximum Operating Mach Number (Mmo) value is determined to avoid potential loss of control of a _____ aircraft.

    <p>subsonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following indicators with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Vertical Speed Indicator = Indicates the rate of altitude change by measuring variations in static pressure Machmeter = Displays the ratio of the aircraft's true airspeed to the speed of sound Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator = Employs an accelerometer unit for rapid indication of climb or descent rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will a partial blockage in the static line cause?

    <p>sluggish response from the altimeter, degraded or no response from the vertical speed indicator, overreading airspeed indicator when descending, underreading airspeed indicator when climbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a pitot tube blockage have on the airspeed indicator?

    <p>Underreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pitot line blockages have no effect on the altimeter or vertical speed indicator.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an unpressurised aircraft, a static leak may cause a standing error on the altimeter and airspeed indicator and has a minimal effect on the __________ indicator.

    <p>vertical speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the precautionary measure with its description:

    <p>Probe covers with warning flag = Protection for the pitot probe while on the ground Pitot static probe maintenance = Delicate instrument that must not be bent or twisted Heating element for pitot probe = Prevent icing on the probe Probe alignment = Critical for accurate readings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three knowledge levels defined for Category A, B1, B2, and C Aircraft Maintenance Licence?

    <p>Level 1, Level 2, Level 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of Level 1 knowledge?

    <p>To be familiar with basic elements of the subject, provide a simple description, and use typical terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of Level 2 knowledge?

    <p>To understand theoretical fundamentals, provide a general description, use mathematical formulae, and apply knowledge in a practical manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of Level 3 knowledge?

    <p>To know the theory, give a detailed description, understand mathematical formulae, interpret results, and apply corrective actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main instruments in a pitot static instrument system?

    <p>Altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the pitot static system measures the aircraft's speed through the air?

    <p>Airspeed Indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pitot tube measures static pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the regions of Earth's atmosphere classified based on?

    <p>temperature with altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the atmosphere do virtually all weather phenomena take place?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The standard set of conditions used in aviation for performance calculations is known as the International Standard Atmosphere.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of pressure change the pitot static instruments are required to measure is in the region of only around _ psi overall.

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pressure sensing device with its description:

    <p>Aneroid Capsules = Measure very small changes in pressure with reference to a vacuum Bellows = Operate similar to aneroid capsules, but generally not evacuated and made from rugged material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bellows is a manifold pressure gauge typically using?

    <p>Sylphon-type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using bimetallic strips?

    <p>Temperature compensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cold climate affects the malleability of an aneroid capsule used in instruments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pressure-sensing element of an altimeter compensates for changes in ambient temperature with a bimetallic ______ bracket.

    <p>U-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following atmospheric pressure measuring elements with their functions:

    <p>Static Port = Measures static pressure Pitot Tube = Measures ram pressure of the airstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of a partial blockage in the static line?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a pitot line blockage affect the airspeed indicator?

    <p>Prevent accurate airspeed indications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A static line leak has no effect on the altimeter in a pressurized aircraft.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does reduced pressure in the altimeter case affect the aneroid capsules?

    <p>Causes the capsules to expand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Altimeters are calibrated to the standard atmosphere.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the QFE code refer to?

    <p>Setting the barometric pressure prevailing at an airfield to make the altimeter read zero feet when on the ground at that airfield.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indicated airspeed is measured in ______________.

    <p>knots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Mach number defined as?

    <p>The ratio of the aircraft's true airspeed (V) to the speed of sound (α)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Critical Mach Number (Mcrit)?

    <p>Mach number at which supersonic airflow first occurs, at any point on the airframe of a specific aircraft type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Machmeter displays the Mach number indicated by the ratio V/α, where V is the aircraft's true airspeed and α is the speed of __________ at the aircraft's altitude.

    <p>sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vertical Speed Indicators (VSI) are designed to measure variations in static pressure to indicate the rate of altitude change.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Category B1 Licence

    • Relates to CASA B1-11f, covering Aeroplane Systems, including Instruments and Avionics

    Knowledge Levels for Category A, B1, B2, and C Aircraft Maintenance Licences

    • Knowledge levels are indicated by numbers (1, 2, or 3) against each applicable subject for categories A, B1, and B2
    • Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or category B2 basic knowledge levels

    Level 1 Knowledge

    • Familiarity with basic elements of the subject
    • Ability to give a simple description of the subject using common words and examples
    • Ability to use typical terms

    Level 2 Knowledge

    • General knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject
    • Ability to apply knowledge
    • Objectives:
      • Understand theoretical fundamentals of the subject
      • Give a general description of the subject using typical examples
      • Use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws
      • Read and understand sketches, drawings, and schematics
      • Apply knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures

    Level 3 Knowledge

    • Detailed knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject
    • Capacity to combine and apply separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner
    • Objectives:
      • Know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects
      • Give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples
      • Understand and use mathematical formulae related to the subject
      • Read, understand, and prepare sketches, simple drawings, and schematics
      • Apply knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions
      • Interpret results from various sources and measurements, and apply corrective action where appropriate### Instrument Systems Pitot Static
    • Pitot static systems measure air pressure to provide altitude, airspeed, and vertical speed data to pilots.

    The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Standards

    • The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the Earth.
    • Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.
    • The atmosphere is divided into regions: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
    • The standard atmosphere is a model used to standardize pressure, temperature, and density.

    Pressure Sensing Devices

    • Aneroid capsules and bellows are used to measure pressure changes.
    • Bellows are flexible tubes that expand or contract with pressure changes.
    • Temperature compensation is necessary to ensure accurate pressure readings.
    • Bimetallic strips and temperature compensating U-shaped brackets are used for temperature compensation.

    Pitot Static Systems

    • Pitot probes measure impact pressure.
    • Static ports measure static pressure.
    • The difference between impact and static pressures gives airspeed.
    • Pitot static systems are used in aircraft to provide altitude and airspeed data.

    Altimeters

    • Altimeters measure aircraft altitude.
    • Non-sensitive altimeters measure altitude directly from static pressure.
    • Sensitive altimeters measure altitude using a pressure-sensitive diaphragm.
    • Barometric adjustment knobs are used to adjust for changes in atmospheric pressure.

    Airspeed Indicator

    • Airspeed indicators measure airspeed using pitot static pressure.
    • Airspeed indicators have a pitot pressure inlet and a static pressure port.
    • Maximum allowable airspeed indicators have a red line to indicate maximum safe speed.

    Effects of System Blockages

    • Static line blockage causes incorrect altitude readings.
    • Pitot line blockage causes incorrect airspeed readings.
    • System leaks can cause incorrect readings and instrument failure.

    Pitot Static System Precautions

    • Pitot probes must be kept clean and free of debris.
    • Static ports must be kept clean and free of debris.
    • System leaks must be checked regularly.
    • Drain holes and water traps are used to prevent water from entering the system.### The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Standards
    • Air is a mixture of gases in the following proportions:
      • Nitrogen (78.08% by volume)
      • Oxygen (20.95% by volume)
      • Argon (0.93% by volume)
      • Carbon dioxide (0.03% by volume)
      • Other gases (0.01% by volume)
    • The atmosphere consists of a layer of air many kilometers thick, with a weight that causes air pressure of about 14.7 psi at the earth's surface.
    • Atmospheric pressure progressively reduces with height (altitude) above the earth.

    Regions of the Atmosphere

    • The atmosphere is classified into four regions based on the variation of temperature with altitude:
      • Troposphere
      • Stratosphere
      • Mesosphere
      • Thermosphere
    • Aircraft fly only in the troposphere and the lowest part of the stratosphere.

    Troposphere

    • The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from sea level to the tropopause.
    • All of the world's weather is contained in the troposphere.
    • The temperature in the troposphere decreases rapidly with altitude, clouds form, and there may be much turbulence.

    The Standard Atmosphere

    • The standard atmosphere is a set of standard conditions with which observed readings can be compared.
    • The standard atmosphere is also known as the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or ICAO Standard Atmosphere.

    Pressure Sensing Devices

    • Aneroid capsules:
      • Measure very small changes in pressure with reference to a vacuum.
      • Maximum operating range is 0 psia or a vacuum up to about 17 psia.
      • Used to measure absolute pressure.
    • Bellows:
      • Operate similar to an aneroid capsule, but are generally not evacuated and are made of more rugged material.
      • Used to measure high, low, or differential pressure.

    Pitot Static Systems

    • The pitot static system is a system of ports and tubing on the aircraft that supplies pitot and static pressure for the instruments.
    • The pitot tube measures the ram pressure of the airstream.
    • Static ports measure static pressure and are not affected by the speed of the aircraft.

    Altimeters

    • An altimeter measures the prevailing atmospheric pressure, which surrounds the aircraft, and displays this pressure in units of feet above sea level.
    • Elements of an altimeter:
      • Aneroid capsules or bellows
      • Linkages and gears
      • Instrument pointer
      • Temperature compensation mechanisms

    Category B1 Licence

    • Relates to CASA B1-11f, covering Aeroplane Systems, including Instruments and Avionics

    Knowledge Levels for Category A, B1, B2, and C Aircraft Maintenance Licences

    • Knowledge levels are indicated by numbers (1, 2, or 3) against each applicable subject for categories A, B1, and B2
    • Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or category B2 basic knowledge levels

    Level 1 Knowledge

    • Familiarity with basic elements of the subject
    • Ability to give a simple description of the subject using common words and examples
    • Ability to use typical terms

    Level 2 Knowledge

    • General knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject
    • Ability to apply knowledge
    • Objectives:
      • Understand theoretical fundamentals of the subject
      • Give a general description of the subject using typical examples
      • Use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws
      • Read and understand sketches, drawings, and schematics
      • Apply knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures

    Level 3 Knowledge

    • Detailed knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject
    • Capacity to combine and apply separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner
    • Objectives:
      • Know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects
      • Give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples
      • Understand and use mathematical formulae related to the subject
      • Read, understand, and prepare sketches, simple drawings, and schematics
      • Apply knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions
      • Interpret results from various sources and measurements, and apply corrective action where appropriate### Instrument Systems Pitot Static
    • Pitot static systems measure air pressure to provide altitude, airspeed, and vertical speed data to pilots.

    The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Standards

    • The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the Earth.
    • Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.
    • The atmosphere is divided into regions: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
    • The standard atmosphere is a model used to standardize pressure, temperature, and density.

    Pressure Sensing Devices

    • Aneroid capsules and bellows are used to measure pressure changes.
    • Bellows are flexible tubes that expand or contract with pressure changes.
    • Temperature compensation is necessary to ensure accurate pressure readings.
    • Bimetallic strips and temperature compensating U-shaped brackets are used for temperature compensation.

    Pitot Static Systems

    • Pitot probes measure impact pressure.
    • Static ports measure static pressure.
    • The difference between impact and static pressures gives airspeed.
    • Pitot static systems are used in aircraft to provide altitude and airspeed data.

    Altimeters

    • Altimeters measure aircraft altitude.
    • Non-sensitive altimeters measure altitude directly from static pressure.
    • Sensitive altimeters measure altitude using a pressure-sensitive diaphragm.
    • Barometric adjustment knobs are used to adjust for changes in atmospheric pressure.

    Airspeed Indicator

    • Airspeed indicators measure airspeed using pitot static pressure.
    • Airspeed indicators have a pitot pressure inlet and a static pressure port.
    • Maximum allowable airspeed indicators have a red line to indicate maximum safe speed.

    Effects of System Blockages

    • Static line blockage causes incorrect altitude readings.
    • Pitot line blockage causes incorrect airspeed readings.
    • System leaks can cause incorrect readings and instrument failure.

    Pitot Static System Precautions

    • Pitot probes must be kept clean and free of debris.
    • Static ports must be kept clean and free of debris.
    • System leaks must be checked regularly.
    • Drain holes and water traps are used to prevent water from entering the system.### The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Standards
    • Air is a mixture of gases in the following proportions:
      • Nitrogen (78.08% by volume)
      • Oxygen (20.95% by volume)
      • Argon (0.93% by volume)
      • Carbon dioxide (0.03% by volume)
      • Other gases (0.01% by volume)
    • The atmosphere consists of a layer of air many kilometers thick, with a weight that causes air pressure of about 14.7 psi at the earth's surface.
    • Atmospheric pressure progressively reduces with height (altitude) above the earth.

    Regions of the Atmosphere

    • The atmosphere is classified into four regions based on the variation of temperature with altitude:
      • Troposphere
      • Stratosphere
      • Mesosphere
      • Thermosphere
    • Aircraft fly only in the troposphere and the lowest part of the stratosphere.

    Troposphere

    • The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from sea level to the tropopause.
    • All of the world's weather is contained in the troposphere.
    • The temperature in the troposphere decreases rapidly with altitude, clouds form, and there may be much turbulence.

    The Standard Atmosphere

    • The standard atmosphere is a set of standard conditions with which observed readings can be compared.
    • The standard atmosphere is also known as the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or ICAO Standard Atmosphere.

    Pressure Sensing Devices

    • Aneroid capsules:
      • Measure very small changes in pressure with reference to a vacuum.
      • Maximum operating range is 0 psia or a vacuum up to about 17 psia.
      • Used to measure absolute pressure.
    • Bellows:
      • Operate similar to an aneroid capsule, but are generally not evacuated and are made of more rugged material.
      • Used to measure high, low, or differential pressure.

    Pitot Static Systems

    • The pitot static system is a system of ports and tubing on the aircraft that supplies pitot and static pressure for the instruments.
    • The pitot tube measures the ram pressure of the airstream.
    • Static ports measure static pressure and are not affected by the speed of the aircraft.

    Altimeters

    • An altimeter measures the prevailing atmospheric pressure, which surrounds the aircraft, and displays this pressure in units of feet above sea level.
    • Elements of an altimeter:
      • Aneroid capsules or bellows
      • Linkages and gears
      • Instrument pointer
      • Temperature compensation mechanisms

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