Aeroplane Systems and Instruments (CASA B1-11f)

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Questions and Answers

What are the knowledge level indicators defined as in the context of Category A, B1, B2, and C Aircraft Maintenance Licence?

LEVEL 1, LEVEL 2, LEVEL 3

What is the main objective of LEVEL 1 knowledge?

To be familiar with basic elements of the subject (correct)

To interpret results from various sources

To use mathematical formulae

To combine and apply separate elements of knowledge

In LEVEL 2 knowledge, applicants should be able to give a detailed description of the subject.

False

The applicant should understand and be able to use _ formulae related to the subject in LEVEL 3 knowledge.

mathematical Signup and view all the answers

What are the four regions the atmosphere is classified into based on temperature variation with altitude?

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the atmosphere contains all of the world's weather?

Troposphere Signup and view all the answers

The weight of the atmosphere on Earth's surface causes an air pressure of about _____ psi.

14.7 Signup and view all the answers

Atmospheric pressure decreases with height above the Earth's surface.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) provide for aircraft and engine performance calculations?

standard set of conditions Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of a pitot static system?

Pitot probe and static ports Signup and view all the answers

Which instruments are part of the pitot static system?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The pitot static system is used to measure only static pressure.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of bellows is used in a manifold pressure gauge to reference measured pressure to a vacuum?

Sylphon-type bellows Signup and view all the answers

Instrument sensing elements are not affected by temperature changes.

False Signup and view all the answers

What metals are bonded together in a bimetallic strip?

brass and invar Signup and view all the answers

The system of ports and tubing on the aircraft which supplies pitot and static pressure for the instruments is called the __________ system.

pitot static Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an altimeter in an aircraft?

Indicating altitude Signup and view all the answers

Which barometric code is used to set the altimeter reading to zero feet on landing and take-off?

QNH Signup and view all the answers

Airspeed equals ground speed in all flight conditions.

False Signup and view all the answers

An airspeed indicator provides information displayed in ________.

knots Signup and view all the answers

Match the following airspeed indicator elements with their descriptions:

Pitot probe and Static vents = Detecting Differential Capsule or stack of differential capsules = Measuring Lever system = Coupling Sector gears, magnification gearing, pointer and dial = Indicating Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of the aircraft's true airspeed (V) to the speed of sound (α) known as?

Mach number Signup and view all the answers

What is the Mach number at which supersonic airflow first occurs on an aircraft?

Critical Mach Number (Mcrit) Signup and view all the answers

Maximum Operating Mach Number (Mmo) value is determined to avoid potential loss of control of a _____ aircraft.

subsonic Signup and view all the answers

Match the following indicators with their correct descriptions:

Vertical Speed Indicator = Indicates the rate of altitude change by measuring variations in static pressure Machmeter = Displays the ratio of the aircraft's true airspeed to the speed of sound Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator = Employs an accelerometer unit for rapid indication of climb or descent rate Signup and view all the answers

What will a partial blockage in the static line cause?

sluggish response from the altimeter, degraded or no response from the vertical speed indicator, overreading airspeed indicator when descending, underreading airspeed indicator when climbing Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a pitot tube blockage have on the airspeed indicator?

Underreading Signup and view all the answers

Pitot line blockages have no effect on the altimeter or vertical speed indicator.

False Signup and view all the answers

In an unpressurised aircraft, a static leak may cause a standing error on the altimeter and airspeed indicator and has a minimal effect on the __________ indicator.

vertical speed Signup and view all the answers

Match the precautionary measure with its description:

Probe covers with warning flag = Protection for the pitot probe while on the ground Pitot static probe maintenance = Delicate instrument that must not be bent or twisted Heating element for pitot probe = Prevent icing on the probe Probe alignment = Critical for accurate readings Signup and view all the answers

What are the three knowledge levels defined for Category A, B1, B2, and C Aircraft Maintenance Licence?

Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of Level 1 knowledge?

To be familiar with basic elements of the subject, provide a simple description, and use typical terms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of Level 2 knowledge?

To understand theoretical fundamentals, provide a general description, use mathematical formulae, and apply knowledge in a practical manner. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of Level 3 knowledge?

To know the theory, give a detailed description, understand mathematical formulae, interpret results, and apply corrective actions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main instruments in a pitot static instrument system?

Altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the pitot static system measures the aircraft's speed through the air?

Airspeed Indicator Signup and view all the answers

The pitot tube measures static pressure.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the regions of Earth's atmosphere classified based on?

temperature with altitude Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of the atmosphere do virtually all weather phenomena take place?

Troposphere Signup and view all the answers

The standard set of conditions used in aviation for performance calculations is known as the International Standard Atmosphere.

True Signup and view all the answers

The amount of pressure change the pitot static instruments are required to measure is in the region of only around _ psi overall.

10 Signup and view all the answers

Match the pressure sensing device with its description:

Aneroid Capsules = Measure very small changes in pressure with reference to a vacuum Bellows = Operate similar to aneroid capsules, but generally not evacuated and made from rugged material Signup and view all the answers

What type of bellows is a manifold pressure gauge typically using?

Sylphon-type Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using bimetallic strips?

Temperature compensation Signup and view all the answers

A cold climate affects the malleability of an aneroid capsule used in instruments.

True Signup and view all the answers

The pressure-sensing element of an altimeter compensates for changes in ambient temperature with a bimetallic ______ bracket.

U-shaped Signup and view all the answers

Match the following atmospheric pressure measuring elements with their functions:

Static Port = Measures static pressure Pitot Tube = Measures ram pressure of the airstream Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of a partial blockage in the static line?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How does a pitot line blockage affect the airspeed indicator?

Prevent accurate airspeed indications Signup and view all the answers

A static line leak has no effect on the altimeter in a pressurized aircraft.

False Signup and view all the answers

How does reduced pressure in the altimeter case affect the aneroid capsules?

Causes the capsules to expand. Signup and view all the answers

Altimeters are calibrated to the standard atmosphere.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does the QFE code refer to?

Setting the barometric pressure prevailing at an airfield to make the altimeter read zero feet when on the ground at that airfield. Signup and view all the answers

Indicated airspeed is measured in ______________.

knots Signup and view all the answers

What is the Mach number defined as?

The ratio of the aircraft's true airspeed (V) to the speed of sound (α) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Critical Mach Number (Mcrit)?

Mach number at which supersonic airflow first occurs, at any point on the airframe of a specific aircraft type Signup and view all the answers

A Machmeter displays the Mach number indicated by the ratio V/α, where V is the aircraft's true airspeed and α is the speed of __________ at the aircraft's altitude.

sound Signup and view all the answers

Vertical Speed Indicators (VSI) are designed to measure variations in static pressure to indicate the rate of altitude change.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Category B1 Licence

Relates to CASA B1-11f, covering Aeroplane Systems, including Instruments and Avionics

Knowledge Levels for Category A, B1, B2, and C Aircraft Maintenance Licences

Knowledge levels are indicated by numbers (1, 2, or 3) against each applicable subject for categories A, B1, and B2
Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or category B2 basic knowledge levels

Level 1 Knowledge

Familiarity with basic elements of the subject
Ability to give a simple description of the subject using common words and examples
Ability to use typical terms

Level 2 Knowledge

General knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject
Ability to apply knowledge
Objectives:
- Understand theoretical fundamentals of the subject
- Give a general description of the subject using typical examples
- Use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws
- Read and understand sketches, drawings, and schematics
- Apply knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures

Level 3 Knowledge

Detailed knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject
Capacity to combine and apply separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner
Objectives:
- Know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects
- Give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples
- Understand and use mathematical formulae related to the subject
- Read, understand, and prepare sketches, simple drawings, and schematics
- Apply knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions
- Interpret results from various sources and measurements, and apply corrective action where appropriate### Instrument Systems Pitot Static
Pitot static systems measure air pressure to provide altitude, airspeed, and vertical speed data to pilots.

The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Standards

The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the Earth.
Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.
The atmosphere is divided into regions: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
The standard atmosphere is a model used to standardize pressure, temperature, and density.

Pressure Sensing Devices

Aneroid capsules and bellows are used to measure pressure changes.
Bellows are flexible tubes that expand or contract with pressure changes.
Temperature compensation is necessary to ensure accurate pressure readings.
Bimetallic strips and temperature compensating U-shaped brackets are used for temperature compensation.

Pitot Static Systems

Pitot probes measure impact pressure.
Static ports measure static pressure.
The difference between impact and static pressures gives airspeed.
Pitot static systems are used in aircraft to provide altitude and airspeed data.

Altimeters

Altimeters measure aircraft altitude.
Non-sensitive altimeters measure altitude directly from static pressure.
Sensitive altimeters measure altitude using a pressure-sensitive diaphragm.
Barometric adjustment knobs are used to adjust for changes in atmospheric pressure.

Airspeed Indicator

Airspeed indicators measure airspeed using pitot static pressure.
Airspeed indicators have a pitot pressure inlet and a static pressure port.
Maximum allowable airspeed indicators have a red line to indicate maximum safe speed.

Effects of System Blockages

Static line blockage causes incorrect altitude readings.
Pitot line blockage causes incorrect airspeed readings.
System leaks can cause incorrect readings and instrument failure.

Pitot Static System Precautions

Pitot probes must be kept clean and free of debris.
Static ports must be kept clean and free of debris.
System leaks must be checked regularly.
Drain holes and water traps are used to prevent water from entering the system.### The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Standards
Air is a mixture of gases in the following proportions:
- Nitrogen (78.08% by volume)
- Oxygen (20.95% by volume)
- Argon (0.93% by volume)
- Carbon dioxide (0.03% by volume)
- Other gases (0.01% by volume)
The atmosphere consists of a layer of air many kilometers thick, with a weight that causes air pressure of about 14.7 psi at the earth's surface.
Atmospheric pressure progressively reduces with height (altitude) above the earth.

Regions of the Atmosphere

The atmosphere is classified into four regions based on the variation of temperature with altitude:
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesosphere
- Thermosphere
Aircraft fly only in the troposphere and the lowest part of the stratosphere.

Troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from sea level to the tropopause.
All of the world's weather is contained in the troposphere.
The temperature in the troposphere decreases rapidly with altitude, clouds form, and there may be much turbulence.

The Standard Atmosphere

The standard atmosphere is a set of standard conditions with which observed readings can be compared.
The standard atmosphere is also known as the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or ICAO Standard Atmosphere.

Pressure Sensing Devices

Aneroid capsules:
- Measure very small changes in pressure with reference to a vacuum.
- Maximum operating range is 0 psia or a vacuum up to about 17 psia.
- Used to measure absolute pressure.
Bellows:
- Operate similar to an aneroid capsule, but are generally not evacuated and are made of more rugged material.
- Used to measure high, low, or differential pressure.

Pitot Static Systems

The pitot static system is a system of ports and tubing on the aircraft that supplies pitot and static pressure for the instruments.
The pitot tube measures the ram pressure of the airstream.
Static ports measure static pressure and are not affected by the speed of the aircraft.

Altimeters

An altimeter measures the prevailing atmospheric pressure, which surrounds the aircraft, and displays this pressure in units of feet above sea level.
Elements of an altimeter:
- Aneroid capsules or bellows
- Linkages and gears
- Instrument pointer
- Temperature compensation mechanisms

Category B1 Licence

Relates to CASA B1-11f, covering Aeroplane Systems, including Instruments and Avionics

Knowledge Levels for Category A, B1, B2, and C Aircraft Maintenance Licences

Knowledge levels are indicated by numbers (1, 2, or 3) against each applicable subject for categories A, B1, and B2
Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or category B2 basic knowledge levels

Level 1 Knowledge

Familiarity with basic elements of the subject
Ability to give a simple description of the subject using common words and examples
Ability to use typical terms

Level 2 Knowledge

General knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject
Ability to apply knowledge
Objectives:
- Understand theoretical fundamentals of the subject
- Give a general description of the subject using typical examples
- Use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws
- Read and understand sketches, drawings, and schematics
- Apply knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures

Level 3 Knowledge

Detailed knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject
Capacity to combine and apply separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner
Objectives:
- Know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects
- Give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples
- Understand and use mathematical formulae related to the subject
- Read, understand, and prepare sketches, simple drawings, and schematics
- Apply knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions
- Interpret results from various sources and measurements, and apply corrective action where appropriate### Instrument Systems Pitot Static
Pitot static systems measure air pressure to provide altitude, airspeed, and vertical speed data to pilots.

The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Standards

The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the Earth.
Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.
The atmosphere is divided into regions: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
The standard atmosphere is a model used to standardize pressure, temperature, and density.

Pressure Sensing Devices

Aneroid capsules and bellows are used to measure pressure changes.
Bellows are flexible tubes that expand or contract with pressure changes.
Temperature compensation is necessary to ensure accurate pressure readings.
Bimetallic strips and temperature compensating U-shaped brackets are used for temperature compensation.

Pitot Static Systems

Pitot probes measure impact pressure.
Static ports measure static pressure.
The difference between impact and static pressures gives airspeed.
Pitot static systems are used in aircraft to provide altitude and airspeed data.

Altimeters

Altimeters measure aircraft altitude.
Non-sensitive altimeters measure altitude directly from static pressure.
Sensitive altimeters measure altitude using a pressure-sensitive diaphragm.
Barometric adjustment knobs are used to adjust for changes in atmospheric pressure.

Airspeed Indicator

Airspeed indicators measure airspeed using pitot static pressure.
Airspeed indicators have a pitot pressure inlet and a static pressure port.
Maximum allowable airspeed indicators have a red line to indicate maximum safe speed.

Effects of System Blockages

Static line blockage causes incorrect altitude readings.
Pitot line blockage causes incorrect airspeed readings.
System leaks can cause incorrect readings and instrument failure.

Pitot Static System Precautions

Pitot probes must be kept clean and free of debris.
Static ports must be kept clean and free of debris.
System leaks must be checked regularly.
Drain holes and water traps are used to prevent water from entering the system.### The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Standards
Air is a mixture of gases in the following proportions:
- Nitrogen (78.08% by volume)
- Oxygen (20.95% by volume)
- Argon (0.93% by volume)
- Carbon dioxide (0.03% by volume)
- Other gases (0.01% by volume)
The atmosphere consists of a layer of air many kilometers thick, with a weight that causes air pressure of about 14.7 psi at the earth's surface.
Atmospheric pressure progressively reduces with height (altitude) above the earth.

Regions of the Atmosphere

The atmosphere is classified into four regions based on the variation of temperature with altitude:
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesosphere
- Thermosphere
Aircraft fly only in the troposphere and the lowest part of the stratosphere.

Troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from sea level to the tropopause.
All of the world's weather is contained in the troposphere.
The temperature in the troposphere decreases rapidly with altitude, clouds form, and there may be much turbulence.

The Standard Atmosphere

The standard atmosphere is a set of standard conditions with which observed readings can be compared.
The standard atmosphere is also known as the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or ICAO Standard Atmosphere.

Pressure Sensing Devices

Aneroid capsules:
- Measure very small changes in pressure with reference to a vacuum.
- Maximum operating range is 0 psia or a vacuum up to about 17 psia.
- Used to measure absolute pressure.
Bellows:
- Operate similar to an aneroid capsule, but are generally not evacuated and are made of more rugged material.
- Used to measure high, low, or differential pressure.

Pitot Static Systems

The pitot static system is a system of ports and tubing on the aircraft that supplies pitot and static pressure for the instruments.
The pitot tube measures the ram pressure of the airstream.
Static ports measure static pressure and are not affected by the speed of the aircraft.

Altimeters

An altimeter measures the prevailing atmospheric pressure, which surrounds the aircraft, and displays this pressure in units of feet above sea level.
Elements of an altimeter:
- Aneroid capsules or bellows
- Linkages and gears
- Instrument pointer
- Temperature compensation mechanisms

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Description

This quiz covers the aeroplane systems, including instruments and avionics, as part of the CASA Category B1 Licence. It's a comprehensive assessment of turbine aeroplane aerodynamics, structures, and systems.