Aerodynamics and SI Units Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of measurement for length in the International System (SI) of units?

  • Nautical Miles (nm)
  • Metres (m) (correct)
  • Kilograms (kg)
  • Seconds (s)

What is the unit of measurement for velocity?

  • Metres per second (m/s) (correct)
  • Newton (N)
  • Kilograms (kg)
  • Metres (m)

What is the formula for calculating force?

  • Force = Mass x Velocity
  • Force = Mass x Acceleration (correct)
  • Force = Momentum x Acceleration
  • Force = Weight x Acceleration

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental SI unit?

<p>Area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for weight?

<p>Kilograms (kg) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'knot' refer to in aeronautics?

<p>The unit of measurement for airspeed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for force?

<p>Newton (N) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of momentum?

<p>The product of the mass and the velocity of a body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a form of energy due to motion?

<p>Kinetic Energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between work and power?

<p>Power is the rate at which work is done (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for pressure?

<p>Pascal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between mass and weight?

<p>Weight is the force of gravity acting on a body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dynamic pressure in aviation?

<p>Pressure created by moving air brought to rest on a surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dynamic pressure (q) depend on?

<p>Air density and altitude (A), Speed of the body relative to airflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is total pressure (PT)?

<p>Sum of static and dynamic pressures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following affects air density?

<p>Changes in pressure, temperature, and humidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is temperature measured in scientific calculations?

<p>In Kelvin (K) only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes viscosity in aerodynamics?

<p>The resistance to movement of air layers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is wing loading defined as?

<p>Total aircraft weight supported per unit area of the wing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indicated Airspeed (IAS) is crucial for providing information about which aspect?

<p>Stalling and structural limitation airspeeds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is one Celsius degree converted to Kelvin?

<p>By adding 273 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which airspeed measurement is corrected for compressibility error at a particular altitude?

<p>Equivalent Airspeed (EAS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which airspeed measurement is equal to the True Airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level only?

<p>Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a factor used to calculate True Airspeed?

<p>Indicated Airspeed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between True Airspeed (TAS) and Equivalent Airspeed (EAS)?

<p>TAS = EAS (ρo / ρ)1/2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Mach Number?

<p>The ratio of the TAS of an aircraft to the speed of sound in the surrounding atmosphere. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newton's first law of motion states that a body will continue in a state of rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. This tendency of a body to resist changes in motion is called?

<p>Inertia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's third law of motion state?

<p>For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mass

The amount of matter in a body; measured in kilograms (kg).

Length

The distance between two points; measured in metres (m).

Time

The duration of an event; measured in seconds (s).

Area

A measure of a surface; measured in square metres (m2).

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Volume

A measure of the bulk or space occupied by a body; measured in cubic metres (m3).

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Velocity

A measure of motion in a specified direction; measured in metres per second (m/s).

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Acceleration

A measure of the change of velocity of a body; measured in metres per second per second (m/s2).

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Momentum

The product of the mass and the velocity of a body; measured in kilogram metres per second (kgm/s).

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Weight

The force exerted on a body due to gravity. It depends on the body's mass and the acceleration due to gravity. It varies with location and altitude.

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Work

The effort needed to move an object a certain distance in the direction of the force applied. It's calculated by multiplying the force by the distance.

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Power

The rate at which work is done. It's measured in Joules per second (J/s) or Watts (W).

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Energy

The capacity to do work. It exists in two main forms: potential energy due to position and kinetic energy due to motion.

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Potential Energy

The energy an object possesses due to its position or height relative to a reference point.

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Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion. It depends on the object's mass and velocity.

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Pressure

The force acting perpendicularly per unit area on a surface. It's measured in Pascals (Pa) or Newtons per square meter (N/m²).

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Static Pressure

The pressure exerted by air when it is stationary. It's the same in all directions.

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Dynamic Pressure (q)

The force exerted by the airflow on an object, caused by the object's motion. It increases with the square of the object's speed and air density.

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Total Pressure (PT)

Represents the sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure, crucial for calculating lift, drag, and airspeeds.

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Air Density (Rho, ρ)

The density of air, measured in kg/m³, changes with altitude, affecting aircraft performance significantly.

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Viscosity

The measure of the resistance to flow in a fluid like air. Higher viscosity means more resistance to motion.

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Wing Loading

The aircraft's weight distributed over the wing area, measured in N/m². It influences the aircraft's handling and stall speed.

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Indicated Airspeed (IAS)

The airspeed displayed on the aircraft's pitot-static airspeed indicator (ASI), providing essential information to the flight crew.

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Airspeed

The speed of an aircraft relative to the surrounding air, measured in knots (kts) or miles per hour (mph)

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Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)

The indicated airspeed of an aircraft corrected for position and instrument errors. CAS is equal to the True Airspeed (TAS) in standard atmosphere at sea level only.

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Equivalent Airspeed (EAS)

The calibrated airspeed of an aircraft corrected for compressibility error at a particular altitude. EAS is equal to IAS at airspeeds less than 300 knots, and is equal to TAS in standard atmosphere at sea level only.

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True Airspeed (TAS)

The actual speed of an aircraft through the air relative to the air that is uninfluenced by the aircraft. TAS is important for navigation purposes only.

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Mach Number

The ratio of the TAS of an aircraft to the speed of sound in the surrounding atmosphere, i.e.the local speed of sound (LSS). Mach No = TAS / LSS

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Newton's Second Law of Motion

A body at rest or in uniform motion will when acted on by an external force accelerate in the direction of the force. The magnitude of the acceleration for any given mass is directly proportional to the size of the force applied, i.e.when a force of 1N is applied to a mass of 1kg it will accelerate at 1m/s2. Force = mass x acceleration

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Newton's First Law of Motion

States that a body will continue in a state of rest, or in uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted on by an external force, i.e.it has inertia.

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Newton's Third Law of Motion

States that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. The more mass an object has, the greater its inertia.

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Study Notes

Introduction

  • Aerodynamics requires a strong foundation in basic mechanics and units of measurement
  • Worldwide measurements are based on the International System (SI) of units, though some variations exist (e.g., altitude in feet, airspeed in knots)

SI Units

  • Fundamental SI units include mass (kilograms), length (meters), and time (seconds)
  • Derived units are commonly used in aerodynamics

Derived Units

  • Area: A measure of a surface (square meters)
  • Volume: A measure of space occupied by a body (cubic meters)
  • Velocity: A measure of motion in a specific direction (meters per second)
  • Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity (meters per second squared)
  • Momentum: The product of mass and velocity (kilogram meters per second)
  • Force: External influence changing rest or motion; proportional to rate of change of momentum (Newton)

Weight

  • Gravitational force of attraction exerted by the Earth on an object (kilograms)
  • Weight = Mass × Acceleration due to Gravity
  • Weight varies based on location and altitude; standard value is 9.81 m/s²

Work

  • Effort to move an object a set distance in the direction of the force
  • Unit of work is the Joule (J), equivalent to 1 Newton-meter (Nm)
  • Work = Force × Distance

Power

  • Rate of doing work (Watts)
  • Power = Force × Velocity
  • 1 Watt = 1 Joule/second (J/s) or 1 Newton-meter/second (Nm/s)

Energy

  • Capacity to do work; exists in potential and kinetic forms
  • Potential Energy: Energy due to position
  • Kinetic Energy: Energy due to motion
  • Unit of energy is the Joule

Pressure

  • Force per unit area (Pascals or N/m²)
  • Common unit in aviation is the bar (1 bar = 10⁵ Pa) or millibar
  • Types of pressure: static pressure and dynamic pressure

Static Pressure

  • Stationary air exerts pressure equally in all directions
  • Example: Air in a container exerts pressure on the walls

Dynamic Pressure

  • Occurs when moving air is brought to rest on a body's surface (relative movement between surface and airflow)
  • Dynamic Pressure = 0.5 * Density * Velocity²
  • Density (ρ) decreases with altitude; Velocity (V) is the speed relative to the airflow

Total Pressure

  • Sum of static and dynamic pressures
  • Important for aerodynamic calculations (lift, drag, and indicated airspeeds)

Density

  • Mass of material per unit volume (kilograms per cubic meter)
  • Important property in aerodynamics; varies with pressure, temperature, and humidity

Temperature

  • Measure of hotness
  • Units: Degrees Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (K)
  • Converting between Celsius and Kelvin: K = °C + 273

Viscosity

  • Resistance to motion of fluid layers
  • Example: Viscosity of engine oil varies based on temperature

Wing Loading

  • Total aircraft weight supported per unit wing area (Newtons per square meter)
  • Wing Loading = Aircraft Weight / Wing Area

Airspeeds

  • Indicated Airspeed (IAS): Airspeed shown on the pitot-static airspeed indicator, uncorrected for instrument or atmospheric errors
  • Calibrated Airspeed (CAS): IAS corrected for instrument and position errors
  • Equivalent Airspeed (EAS): CAS corrected for compressibility errors
  • True Airspeed (TAS): Actual speed of aircraft relative to the air; unaffected by aircraft
  • Mach Number: Ratio of TAS to the speed of sound in the surrounding air

Newton's Laws of Motion

  • First Law: Body in rest or uniform motion stays in that state unless acted on by an external force
  • Second Law: Acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force acting on it
  • Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of aerodynamics with a focus on the International System of Units (SI). It covers basic mechanics as well as derived units such as area, volume, velocity, and force, key to understanding aerodynamic principles. Test your knowledge on these essential metrics and their applications in aerodynamics.

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