23 Questions
What is the process of using oxygen to break down glucose and produce energy in the form of ATP called?
Aerobic respiration
What type of respiration does not use oxygen to break down glucose?
Anaerobic respiration
What is the electron acceptor used in anaerobic respiration instead of oxygen?
Nitrate or sulfur
What is the process that does not use an electron acceptor and does not produce ATP, but instead produces organic molecules such as ethanol or lactate?
Fermentation
Which sugar degradation pathway is the most common and produces two molecules of pyruvate from one molecule of glucose?
The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway
What are the three main types of organisms that carry out aerobic respiration?
Bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes
What is the main product of the EMP pathway from the degradation of glucose?
Two molecules of pyruvate
Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?
It uses an electron acceptor other than oxygen, which yields less energy
What is the main difference between fermentation and respiration in terms of energy production?
Fermentation does not produce ATP, while respiration does
In what type of environment can anaerobic respiration still provide energy to organisms?
Environments with low oxygen levels
What is the main difference between the products of fermentation and respiration?
Fermentation produces organic molecules, while respiration produces ATP
What is the purpose of the sugar degradation pathways in microorganisms?
To break down glucose and produce energy
What are the two main products of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?
One molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of glyoxylate
What does the pentose phosphate pathway produce?
Ribose and NADPH
Where does the TCA cycle occur?
In the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
What are the high-energy molecules produced by the TCA cycle?
NADH, FADH2, and GTP
Where does the electron transport chain (ETC) transfer electrons to?
Oxygen
What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain?
To produce ATP by creating a proton gradient
What are the four protein complexes that compose the electron transport chain?
Complex I, Complex II, Complex III, and Complex IV
What is electron transport phosphorylation (ETP) and how does it produce ATP?
ETP is the process by which the ETC produces ATP using the proton gradient to drive ATP synthase
What are uncouplers and how do they affect the ETC?
Uncouplers disrupt the proton gradient and prevent the ETC from producing ATP
What are inhibitors and how do they affect the ETC?
Inhibitors block the ETC and prevent it from producing ATP
What are some key differences between the mitochondrial and bacterial ETC?
The mitochondrial ETC is more complex and contains more protein complexes, while the bacterial ETC is less complex and contains fewer protein complexes
Test your knowledge of aerobic respiration and its role in chemoheterotrophic metabolism with this quiz. Explore the process of breaking down glucose and producing ATP using oxygen, and compare it to anaerobic respiration.
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