unit 3 cc5

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the process of using oxygen to break down glucose and produce energy in the form of ATP called?

Aerobic respiration

What type of respiration does not use oxygen to break down glucose?

Anaerobic respiration

What is the electron acceptor used in anaerobic respiration instead of oxygen?

Nitrate or sulfur

What is the process that does not use an electron acceptor and does not produce ATP, but instead produces organic molecules such as ethanol or lactate?

Fermentation Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar degradation pathway is the most common and produces two molecules of pyruvate from one molecule of glucose?

The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of organisms that carry out aerobic respiration?

Bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product of the EMP pathway from the degradation of glucose?

Two molecules of pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?

It uses an electron acceptor other than oxygen, which yields less energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between fermentation and respiration in terms of energy production?

Fermentation does not produce ATP, while respiration does Signup and view all the answers

In what type of environment can anaerobic respiration still provide energy to organisms?

Environments with low oxygen levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the products of fermentation and respiration?

Fermentation produces organic molecules, while respiration produces ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sugar degradation pathways in microorganisms?

To break down glucose and produce energy Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main products of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?

One molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of glyoxylate Signup and view all the answers

What does the pentose phosphate pathway produce?

Ribose and NADPH Signup and view all the answers

Where does the TCA cycle occur?

In the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the high-energy molecules produced by the TCA cycle?

NADH, FADH2, and GTP Signup and view all the answers

Where does the electron transport chain (ETC) transfer electrons to?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain?

To produce ATP by creating a proton gradient Signup and view all the answers

What are the four protein complexes that compose the electron transport chain?

Complex I, Complex II, Complex III, and Complex IV Signup and view all the answers

What is electron transport phosphorylation (ETP) and how does it produce ATP?

ETP is the process by which the ETC produces ATP using the proton gradient to drive ATP synthase Signup and view all the answers

What are uncouplers and how do they affect the ETC?

Uncouplers disrupt the proton gradient and prevent the ETC from producing ATP Signup and view all the answers

What are inhibitors and how do they affect the ETC?

Inhibitors block the ETC and prevent it from producing ATP Signup and view all the answers

What are some key differences between the mitochondrial and bacterial ETC?

The mitochondrial ETC is more complex and contains more protein complexes, while the bacterial ETC is less complex and contains fewer protein complexes Signup and view all the answers