AED Operation and CPR Basics

CPR Procedures and Steps

• Unresponsive Person with Gasping Sounds and No Pulse:
  • Initiate CPR if gasping is not normal breathing.
  • Provide rescue breaths only if gasping is not normal breathing.
  • Monitor the patient if gasping is considered normal breathing.
  • Begin CPR if gasping is normal breathing.
  • Start chest compressions only if gasping is considered normal breathing.

Ineffective Rescue Breaths

• If two rescue breaths aren't effective within 10 seconds, reposition the airway.
• If repositioning doesn't work, switch to mouth-to-mouth.
• If mouth-to-mouth doesn't work, continue CPR.

Initial Steps for Cardiac/Respiratory Arrest (Alone)

• Check for safety.
• Check for response.
• Get help immediately.
• Activate EMS or call emergency medical services.
• If available, get an AED (automated external defibrillator).
• Initiate CPR if appropriate.

Post-Shock AED Procedure

• Reassess the patient for a pulse.
• Continue CPR if the pulse is absent; otherwise, continue monitoring.
• If needed immediately call for help/EMS.

Unresponsive Victim with No Pulse (Park Scenario)

• Tell a bystander to call 123 (or appropriate emergency number) and get an AED.
• Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
• Wait for the bystander to come back with AED.
• Do not perform abdominal thrusts.
• Do not give rescue breaths every 5 seconds unless gasping is not normal breathing

BLS (Basic Life Support) Steps for Adults

• Assess the individual for responsiveness.
• Activate EMS or call the emergency medical services (EMS).
• Obtain an AED, if available.
• Initiate CPR if needed and possible.

Single Rescuer CPR (After EMS Activation)

• Obtain an AED or defibrillator and the necessary equipment.
• Begin CPR.

Pulse Assessment Location for Cardiac Arrest

• Carotid or femoral artery (typically carotid artery is preferred).

AED Use with Rescuer Present

• Place AED pads on the victim's bare chest.
• AED will shock the patient if the rhythm analysis indicates it's time shock.
• Continue CPR immediately after delivering shock.

AED Operation Steps

• Turn on the AED
• Place electrode pads on the patient.
• Analyze the rhythm.
• Deliver the shock if indicated.

Unresponsive Victim CPR Steps (Absent Pulse and Breathing)

• Immediately begin chest compressions without delay.
• Request help and activate EMS or call emergency services.

Pulse Verification Time Limit During Basic Life Support

• No more than 10 seconds

CPR Quality Criteria

• Push hard and fast
• Minimize interruptions.
• Initial chest compressions should be started as quickly as possible.

Post-AED Shock Actions

• Reassess the victim for a pulse.
• Continue CPR, if a pulse is not detected.

BLS Steps for Adults/Cardiac Arrest

• Check for responsiveness.
• Activate EMS
• Check for pulse and breathing.
• Begin CPR if necessary and possible.

CPR Victim Recovery Signs

• Waking up.
• Moving.
• Breathing normally.
• Opening eyes.

Sudden Cardiac Arrest Symptoms

• Lack of pulse.
• Loss of consciousness.
• Sudden collapse.
• Absence of breathing.

Hand Placement on Chest During CPR

• Lower half of the sternum.

Airway Opening for Unconscious Adult (No Trauma)

• Use head tilt and chin lift to open the airway.

Victim Requiring High Quality CPR

• Unresponsive victim with no pulse and no breathing.
• Responsive victim with breathing problems who has a pulse <60/minute

Importance for Effective Victim Survival During Cardiac Arrest

• Performing high quality CPR.

Importance of Chest Recoil in CPR

• The heart will adequately refill between compressions.
• It reduces the risk of rib fractures.

Importance of Defibrillation (AED)

• Prevents recurrent cardiac arrest
• Restores effective heart rhythm

Pediatric CPR Compressions to Breaths Ratio

• 15 compressions to 1 breath
• 30 compressions to 2 breaths

Effective Breath Technique During Mouth-to-Mouth

• Observe chest rise with each breath.

AED First Use Step

• Apply pads.

Unresponsive Patient Before Starting CPR

• Call 123 to activate EMS or emergency medical services. (Check local emergency number).

Pediatric Arrest 5 Breaths Before Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

• Pediatric patients in cardiac arrest often have respiratory issues.

Correct Chest Compression Depth for Adults

• At least 3 cm deep.

Adult CPR Chest Compression Rate

• 100 to 120 compressions per minute (or about 2 per second).

False Statement about Chest Compressions During CPR

• Pressure should not be completely released after each compression.

Intubation BLS Interruption Time

• BLS should not be interrupted for more than 30 seconds when performing intubation.

Pulse Check Location in Unresponsive Adults

• Carotid artery.

Correct Sternum Compression Depth

• 2-5 cm

Airway Opening with Head and Neck Injury

• Perform a jaw thrust maneuver.

CPR Chest Compression Location

• Upper part of the sternum.

A-B-C in Basic Life Support

• Airway, Breathing, Circulation

Cardiac Arrest Diagnosis Criteria

• Loss of consciousness with absence of carotid pulses for 3 seconds.

Goal of Basic Life Support

• Maintain organ perfusion until definitive treatment can be administered.

Cardiac Arrest Definition

• An abrupt cessation of cardiac pump function.

Determining Responsiveness (No Trauma)

• Gently shake the patient and call his name.

Essential CPR Compression Characteristics

• Begin chest compressions within 10 seconds of recognizing cardiac arrest.
• Push hard and fast
• Minimize interruptions.

Two Rescuer CPR Role-Switching Frequency

• Every two cycles of chest compressions.

Child vs. Adult Pulse Check Location (1-puberty)

• Brachial artery.

Adult BLS Steps

• Assess the individual, give two rescue breaths
• Defibrillate, and start CPR.

Important First-Rate CPR Characteristics

• Begin chest compressions within 10 seconds.
• Perform continuous compressions; pushing hard and fast.
• Minimize interruptions during compressions.

CPR Compression/Ventilation Ratio

• 30 compressions per 2 ventilations