Adverse Reactions to Epinephrine Administration

This vasodilatory effect leads to (1) higher blood levels of ______, with an attendant increase in the risk of adverse reactions.

This vasodilatory effect leads to (2) increased perfusion in the area of drug ______.

The use of vasoconstrictors with lidocaine can (3) decrease the risk of systemic ______ levels.

It is important to monitor patients closely for signs of lidocaine toxicity, especially with (4) repeated doses or (5) high ______ areas of application.

In patients with preexisting cardiovascular or thyroid disease, the side effects of absorbed ______ must be weighed against those of elevated local anesthetic blood levels.

Mixed-acting drugs have both direct and indirect actions. One example is the combination of a local anesthetic with a ______.

It is important to consider the risk factors of patients, including the presence of ______, when administering local anesthetics.

Lidocaine HCl is a commonly used local anesthetic known for its ______ properties.

When using mixed-acting drugs, healthcare providers must be cautious about the potential for ______ reactions in certain patients.

However, even following usual precautions (e.g., aspiration, slow injection), sufficient epinephrine can be absorbed to cause sympathomimetic reactions such as apprehension, tachycardia, sweating, and palpitation the socalled epinephrine reaction. 6 *Intravascular administration of ______ and their administration to sensitive individuals (hyperresponders), or the occurrence of unanticipated drug–drug interactions, can however produce significant clinical manifestations.

Even following usual precautions (e.g., aspiration, slow injection), sufficient epinephrine can be absorbed to cause sympathomimetic reactions such as apprehension, tachycardia, sweating, and palpitation the socalled epinephrine reaction. 6 *Intravascular administration of vasoconstrictors and their administration to sensitive individuals (hyperresponders), or the occurrence of unanticipated drug–drug interactions, can however produce significant clinical ______.

However, even following usual precautions (e.g., aspiration, slow injection), sufficient epinephrine can be absorbed to cause sympathomimetic reactions such as apprehension, tachycardia, sweating, and palpitation the socalled epinephrine reaction. 6 *Intravascular administration of vasoconstrictors and their administration to sensitive individuals (hyperresponders), or the occurrence of ______, can however produce significant clinical manifestations.

However, even following usual precautions (e.g., aspiration, slow injection), sufficient epinephrine can be absorbed to cause sympathomimetic reactions such as apprehension, tachycardia, sweating, and palpitation the socalled epinephrine reaction. 6 *Intravascular administration of vasoconstrictors and their administration to sensitive individuals (hyperresponders), or the occurrence of unanticipated drug–drug interactions, can however produce significant ______.

Even following usual precautions (e.g., aspiration, slow injection), sufficient epinephrine can be absorbed to cause sympathomimetic reactions such as apprehension, tachycardia, sweating, and palpitation the socalled epinephrine reaction. 6 *Intravascular administration of vasoconstrictors and their administration to sensitive individuals (hyperresponders), or the occurrence of unanticipated drug–drug interactions, can however produce ______ clinical manifestations.