Adverse Effects of Medication
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Questions and Answers

What type of immunosuppressant drug is cyclosporine?

  • Anti-proliferative agent
  • Monoclonal antibody-based agent
  • Cytokine gene expression inhibitor
  • Calcineurin inhibitor (correct)

    • Which of the following is an example of an anti-proliferative agent?

  • Basiliximab
  • Azathioprine (correct)
  • Muromonab
  • Corticosteroid

    • What is the function of cytokine gene expression inhibitors?

  • To stimulate cell proliferation
  • To inhibit cytokine gene expression (correct)
  • To suppress the immune system
  • To stimulate the immune system

    • Which type of immunosuppressant drug includes sirolimus?

    <p>Mammalian Target of Rapamycin inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunosuppressant drug is basiliximab?

    <p>Monoclonal antibody-based agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of immunosuppressant drug?

    <p>Vitamin supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of calcineurin inhibitors?

    <p>To suppress the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a monoclonal antibody-based agent?

    <p>Muromonab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunosuppressant drug includes mycophenolate mofetil?

    <p>Anti-proliferative agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of immunosuppressant drugs?

    <p>To suppress the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adverse Effects of Metronidazole

    • Unpleasant, metallic taste is commonly experienced
    • Oral moniliasis (Candidiasis) is a possible side effect
    • Rarely, neurotoxicity (dizziness, vertigo, and numbness or paresthesia) may occur, which may necessitate discontinuation of the drug
    • Pregnancy category: B
    • Alcohol intolerance (Disulfiram-like reaction) may occur

    Co-administration and Contraindications

    • Co-administration with mebendazole is contraindicated due to the risk of Steven Johnson syndrome (Epidermal necrolysis)

    Comparison with Tinidazole

    • Tinidazole has a longer duration of action and fewer adverse effects
    • Tinidazole is category C in pregnancy
    • Metronidazole has a higher efficacy regarding antibacterial effect

    Diloxanide Furate

    • Works only in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as a lumenal amebicide

    Viral Replication and Antiviral Drugs

    • Viral replication involves several steps:
      • Viral fusion and entry
      • Uncoating of viral nucleic acid
      • Synthesis and replication of genetic material (regulated by polymerase enzyme)
      • Viral assembly (maturation) (regulated by protease enzyme)
      • Viral release (regulated by neuroaminidase enzyme)
    • Antiviral drugs can target any of these steps

    Adjuvant Therapy

    • Can be used in combination with surgery and/or radiation

    Classification of Immune-therapies

    • Immunosuppressant drugs:
      • Calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine, tacrolimus)
      • Mammalian Target of Rapamycin inhibitors (e.g., Sirolimus)
      • Anti-proliferative agents (e.g., azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil)
      • Cytokine gene expression inhibitors (e.g., Corticosteroids)
      • Monoclonal anti-body based agents (e.g., basiliximab, muromonab)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the unpleasant side effects of a certain medication, including metallic taste, oral yeast infection, and neurotoxicity symptoms.

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