42 Questions
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of anaphylaxis?
Vomiting
Which hypersensitivity reaction is commonly associated with sulfonamides?
Steven Johnson syndrome
Which system is affected by Red Man/Red neck syndrome, commonly seen with Vancomycin?
Integumentary system
What is a common symptom of super infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
White patches on the mucous membrane of the mouth
Which bacterium is responsible for causing Super Infection Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Clostridium difficile
What is the term used to describe an abnormal condition of the blood?
Dyscrasia
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Thrombocytopenia?
Decreased platelet count
What is a common sign or symptom of Gastrotoxicity?
Abdominal pain and distention
Which organ is affected by Neurotoxicity causing peripheral neuropathy?
Central Nervous System
What is a common sign or symptom of Nephrotoxicity?
Crystals forming in the kidneys
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Photochemical reaction
Which hypersensitivity reaction is commonly associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?
Type IV
What is the common sign or symptom of Red Man/Red neck syndrome, commonly seen with Vancomycin?
Hypotension
Which system does Topical Epidermal Necrolysis (TENS) affect?
Integumentary system
What is a common sign or symptom of super infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
Fever
Which bacterium is responsible for causing Super Infection Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Clostridium difficile
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
G6PD deficiency
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Type III
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of anemia due to Hematopoietic/Hematologic Reaction (Hemotoxicity)?
Pallor, weakness, dyspnea, anorexia
Which of the following is a common symptom of Gastrotoxicity?
Abdominal pain, melena, distention, diarrhea
Which organ toxicity is characterized by Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, clay colored stool, and jaundice?
Hepatotoxicity
What is a common sign or symptom of Nephrotoxicity?
Increased B/P, increased creatinine
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
(G6PD) deficiency
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Thrombocytopenia?
(decreased platelet count)
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Red skin, swollen skin
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of anaphylaxis?
Tingling, numbness, burning in the extremities
Which sign or symptom is commonly associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?
Lesions on the skin and mucus membranes
Which medication is commonly associated with Red Man/Red neck syndrome?
Vancomycin
What is a common sign or symptom of Super Infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
White patches on the mucous membrane of the mouth
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Breakdown or sloughing of epidermal tissue
Which bacterium is responsible for causing Super Infection Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Clostridium difficile
Which organ toxicity is characterized by clay colored stool and jaundice?
Hepatic System
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Rash
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of Nephrotoxicity?
Proteinuria and increased creatinine
Which system is affected by Red Man/Red neck syndrome, commonly seen with Vancomycin?
Gastrointestinal Tract
What is a common sign or symptom of super infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
White patches in the mouth
What is the term used to describe an abnormal condition of the blood?
Dyscrasia
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Which hypersensitivity reaction is commonly associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?
Type IV
Which of the following is a common symptom of Gastrotoxicity?
Abdominal pain, melena, and distention
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Photochemical reaction
Study Notes
- Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs can cause various adverse effects on different body systems.
- Allergy signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions include runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes and skin, rash, swelling, and wheezing.
- Severe hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis) can affect the respiratory system, causing bronchospasm, dyspnea, feeling of fullness in the throat, and cough. Anaphylaxis can also affect the cardiovascular system, leading to extremely low blood pressure, tachycardia, palpitations, syncope, and cardiac arrest. Integumentary system may be affected with urticaria, angioedema, pruritus, and sweating. Gastrointestinal system may show symptoms like nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
- Steven Johnson syndrome is a severe hypersensitivity reaction that is characterized by fever, cough, muscle pain, headache, and photosensitivity. It is followed by lesions on the skin and mucus membranes. This reaction is commonly seen with sulfonamides.
- Red Man/Red neck syndrome is a drug reaction seen with Vancomycin, characterized by breakdown of epidermal tissue, peeling skin, discomfort, and pain.
- Topical Epidermal Necrolysis (TENS) is a severe drug reaction that causes sloughing of the epidermis, leading to discomfort, pain, and super infection.
- Super infection can occur due to bacterial or fungal overgrowth because of destruction of normal flora. Candida is a common culprit, leading to white patches on the mucous membrane of the mouth, black furry tongue, cold sores, canker sores, vaginal discharge with itching, diarrhea, fever, anorexia, and malaise. Pseudomembranous colitis is another type of super infection, caused by Clostridium difficile, characterized by diarrhea with blood, pus, and mucous.
- Hemotoxicity, a type of drug reaction, can result in blood dyscrasia and affect various components of the blood, leading to thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia. Thrombocytopenia can cause purpura, petechiae, melena, ecchymosis, hematuria, and epistaxis. Leukopenia can cause sore throat, fever, chills, malaise, and lesions in the mouth. Anemia can cause pallor, weakness, dyspnea, anorexia, fever, and headache.
- Organ toxicity can occur due to drug reactions and affect various organs. Gastrointestinal tract may show irritation, resulting in N&V, anorexia, bleeding, small bowel ulceration, constipation, and stomatitis. Neurotoxicity can affect the central nervous system, causing CNS stimulation and depression, dizziness, vertigo, muscle weakness, and decreased heart rate. Ototoxicity can cause tinnitus, buzzing, ringing in the ear, dizziness, vertigo, and hearing loss. Optic neuritis can cause blurred vision and loss of balance. Extrapyramidal symptoms can cause involuntary muscle movements. Nephrotoxicity can cause proteinuria, increased B/P, hematuria, decreased urinary output, crystalluria, and tubular necrosis. Hepatotoxicity can cause N&V, diarrhea, clay colored stool, dark urine, jaundice, pruritus, and increased liver enzymes. Neuromuscular blocking agents can cause muscular muscle weakness, disturbed gait, decreased bowel function, paralytic ileus, and respiratory distress.
- Photosensitivity can occur due to drug reactions, causing red skin, swollen skin, darkening of the skin, peeling skin, and scarring of skin.
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic predisposition that can lead to hemolysis when certain medications are taken, commonly seen with sulfonamides.
Test your knowledge on common adverse drug reactions related to hypersensitivity. This quiz covers signs and symptoms of allergy, including runny nose, rash, and swelling, as well as the symptoms of anaphylaxis involving the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
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