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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of anaphylaxis?
- Vomiting (correct)
- Feeling of fullness in the throat
- Cough
- Extremely low blood pressure
Which hypersensitivity reaction is commonly associated with sulfonamides?
Which hypersensitivity reaction is commonly associated with sulfonamides?
- Angioedema
- Steven Johnson syndrome (correct)
- Urticaria
- Red Man/Red neck syndrome
Which system is affected by Red Man/Red neck syndrome, commonly seen with Vancomycin?
Which system is affected by Red Man/Red neck syndrome, commonly seen with Vancomycin?
- Cardiovascular system
- Gastrointestinal system
- Integumentary system (correct)
- Respiratory system
What is a common symptom of super infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
What is a common symptom of super infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
Which bacterium is responsible for causing Super Infection Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Which bacterium is responsible for causing Super Infection Pseudomembranous Colitis?
What is the term used to describe an abnormal condition of the blood?
What is the term used to describe an abnormal condition of the blood?
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Thrombocytopenia?
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Thrombocytopenia?
What is a common sign or symptom of Gastrotoxicity?
What is a common sign or symptom of Gastrotoxicity?
Which organ is affected by Neurotoxicity causing peripheral neuropathy?
Which organ is affected by Neurotoxicity causing peripheral neuropathy?
What is a common sign or symptom of Nephrotoxicity?
What is a common sign or symptom of Nephrotoxicity?
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Which hypersensitivity reaction is commonly associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?
Which hypersensitivity reaction is commonly associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?
What is the common sign or symptom of Red Man/Red neck syndrome, commonly seen with Vancomycin?
What is the common sign or symptom of Red Man/Red neck syndrome, commonly seen with Vancomycin?
Which system does Topical Epidermal Necrolysis (TENS) affect?
Which system does Topical Epidermal Necrolysis (TENS) affect?
What is a common sign or symptom of super infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
What is a common sign or symptom of super infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
Which bacterium is responsible for causing Super Infection Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Which bacterium is responsible for causing Super Infection Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of anemia due to Hematopoietic/Hematologic Reaction (Hemotoxicity)?
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of anemia due to Hematopoietic/Hematologic Reaction (Hemotoxicity)?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Gastrotoxicity?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Gastrotoxicity?
Which organ toxicity is characterized by Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, clay colored stool, and jaundice?
Which organ toxicity is characterized by Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, clay colored stool, and jaundice?
What is a common sign or symptom of Nephrotoxicity?
What is a common sign or symptom of Nephrotoxicity?
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Thrombocytopenia?
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Thrombocytopenia?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of anaphylaxis?
Which sign or symptom is commonly associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?
Which sign or symptom is commonly associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?
Which medication is commonly associated with Red Man/Red neck syndrome?
Which medication is commonly associated with Red Man/Red neck syndrome?
What is a common sign or symptom of Super Infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
What is a common sign or symptom of Super Infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Which bacterium is responsible for causing Super Infection Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Which bacterium is responsible for causing Super Infection Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Which organ toxicity is characterized by clay colored stool and jaundice?
Which organ toxicity is characterized by clay colored stool and jaundice?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of Nephrotoxicity?
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of Nephrotoxicity?
Which system is affected by Red Man/Red neck syndrome, commonly seen with Vancomycin?
Which system is affected by Red Man/Red neck syndrome, commonly seen with Vancomycin?
What is a common sign or symptom of super infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
What is a common sign or symptom of super infection Candida due to the destruction of normal flora?
What is the term used to describe an abnormal condition of the blood?
What is the term used to describe an abnormal condition of the blood?
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
Which genetic predisposition can lead to hemolysis when taking certain medications?
Which hypersensitivity reaction is commonly associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?
Which hypersensitivity reaction is commonly associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Gastrotoxicity?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Gastrotoxicity?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
What type of reaction does exposure to the sun cause in Photosensitivity?
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Study Notes
- Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs can cause various adverse effects on different body systems.
- Allergy signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions include runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes and skin, rash, swelling, and wheezing.
- Severe hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis) can affect the respiratory system, causing bronchospasm, dyspnea, feeling of fullness in the throat, and cough. Anaphylaxis can also affect the cardiovascular system, leading to extremely low blood pressure, tachycardia, palpitations, syncope, and cardiac arrest. Integumentary system may be affected with urticaria, angioedema, pruritus, and sweating. Gastrointestinal system may show symptoms like nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
- Steven Johnson syndrome is a severe hypersensitivity reaction that is characterized by fever, cough, muscle pain, headache, and photosensitivity. It is followed by lesions on the skin and mucus membranes. This reaction is commonly seen with sulfonamides.
- Red Man/Red neck syndrome is a drug reaction seen with Vancomycin, characterized by breakdown of epidermal tissue, peeling skin, discomfort, and pain.
- Topical Epidermal Necrolysis (TENS) is a severe drug reaction that causes sloughing of the epidermis, leading to discomfort, pain, and super infection.
- Super infection can occur due to bacterial or fungal overgrowth because of destruction of normal flora. Candida is a common culprit, leading to white patches on the mucous membrane of the mouth, black furry tongue, cold sores, canker sores, vaginal discharge with itching, diarrhea, fever, anorexia, and malaise. Pseudomembranous colitis is another type of super infection, caused by Clostridium difficile, characterized by diarrhea with blood, pus, and mucous.
- Hemotoxicity, a type of drug reaction, can result in blood dyscrasia and affect various components of the blood, leading to thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia. Thrombocytopenia can cause purpura, petechiae, melena, ecchymosis, hematuria, and epistaxis. Leukopenia can cause sore throat, fever, chills, malaise, and lesions in the mouth. Anemia can cause pallor, weakness, dyspnea, anorexia, fever, and headache.
- Organ toxicity can occur due to drug reactions and affect various organs. Gastrointestinal tract may show irritation, resulting in N&V, anorexia, bleeding, small bowel ulceration, constipation, and stomatitis. Neurotoxicity can affect the central nervous system, causing CNS stimulation and depression, dizziness, vertigo, muscle weakness, and decreased heart rate. Ototoxicity can cause tinnitus, buzzing, ringing in the ear, dizziness, vertigo, and hearing loss. Optic neuritis can cause blurred vision and loss of balance. Extrapyramidal symptoms can cause involuntary muscle movements. Nephrotoxicity can cause proteinuria, increased B/P, hematuria, decreased urinary output, crystalluria, and tubular necrosis. Hepatotoxicity can cause N&V, diarrhea, clay colored stool, dark urine, jaundice, pruritus, and increased liver enzymes. Neuromuscular blocking agents can cause muscular muscle weakness, disturbed gait, decreased bowel function, paralytic ileus, and respiratory distress.
- Photosensitivity can occur due to drug reactions, causing red skin, swollen skin, darkening of the skin, peeling skin, and scarring of skin.
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic predisposition that can lead to hemolysis when certain medications are taken, commonly seen with sulfonamides.
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