Adverse Drug Reactions & DDI
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Questions and Answers

Which option correctly describes the purpose of SAFETYNET?

  • To facilitate instant prescription refills.
  • To educate patients about drug interactions.
  • To provide medication directly to patients.
  • To offer a platform for confidential reporting of drug events. (correct)
  • When could drug-drug interactions be ignored in a clinical setting?

  • When the medications involved have been used together previously
  • When the patient has no symptoms
  • When they are chronic and well-documented (correct)
  • When the physician states they are not a concern
  • Which medication category is not categorized as "high risk" for adverse drug events (ADEs)?

  • Chemotherapy
  • Anticoagulants
  • Antipsychotics
  • Analgesics (correct)
  • What is the purpose of the Naranjo Scale?

    <p>To determine the likelihood of a drug causing an adverse event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which setting are adverse drug events (ADEs) most likely to occur?

    <p>Intensive care units and off hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key improvement aspect of adverse reaction reporting programs?

    <p>Integration of alerts for health care team members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient demographic is at higher risk for experiencing ADEs?

    <p>Children and older adults with multiple comorbidities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common condition for which ADEs are assessed in hospitalization?

    <p>During intensive care management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classified as an adverse drug reaction (ADR)?

    <p>An incident that requires modifying the dose or supportive treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a medication error?

    <p>Any preventable event that causes inappropriate medication use or harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average additional hospitalization time for patients experiencing adverse drug events (ADEs)?

    <p>8 to 12 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are ADEs and ADRs considered important in healthcare?

    <p>They can lead to increased hospital costs and prolonged stays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would an adverse drug reaction be most likely to occur?

    <p>A patient with multiple chronic conditions on polypharmacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'interdisciplinary collaboration' in the context of ADRs/ADEs imply?

    <p>Collaboration only among physicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor in reporting adverse drug events?

    <p>Timely and accurate reporting can improve patient safety and drug monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) Overview

    • ADEs can occur in various settings including outpatient, emergency department, and hospital environments.
    • Contributes to an increase in emergency visits and hospital admissions.

    High-Risk Conditions for ADEs

    • Vulnerable populations include children, older adults, and patients with multiple comorbidities.
    • Most common occurrence is seen in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and during off-hours.
    • Certain medications are linked to higher ADE risks: anticoagulants, anti-hyperglycemic drugs, sedatives, narcotics, antibiotics, antipsychotics, and chemotherapy agents.

    Naranjo Scale

    • A tool designed to evaluate the probability of a causal relationship between a drug and an adverse clinical event through a questionnaire.

    ADR Reporting Program Improvements

    • New guidelines and order sets established for the safe use of high-risk medications including contraindications and alerts for healthcare teams.
    • Medications with ADR concerns may be removed from the Formulary after safety reviews.
    • Programs must comply with accreditation requirements for ADR reporting.

    Counterfeit Medications

    • Rise in counterfeit medications associated with unregulated online markets and social media.
    • 70% of seized counterfeit tablets by the DEA contained lethal doses of fentanyl or harmful adulterants like lead and mercury.
    • Recommendations to educate staff on recognizing counterfeit medication risks, including using open-ended patient assessments and reporting quality issues.

    Medical Error Legislation

    • Kentucky has introduced legislation protecting practitioners from criminal charges associated with medical errors.
    • Importance of avoiding unsafe abbreviations in medication orders was highlighted to prevent mix-ups, particularly for HIV-related medications.

    SafetyNet Reporting System

    • An online platform for confidential reporting of medication errors and ADEs, facilitating data analysis and safety improvement.

    Classifying ADEs

    • ADEs can be classified by timing and specific drug interactions, including well-known combinations that warrant seeking updated medical interaction checks.

    ADR Case Study Summary

    • Presented case of a 60-year-old male with heart failure symptoms and a history of multiple health concerns led to a significant cardiac intervention.
    • Documentation of post-operative day (POD) data showed evolving metabolic acidosis and complications requiring continuous monitoring and interventions.

    Empagliflozin (Jardiance®)

    • A sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor used for treating diabetes and heart failure.
    • Functions by reducing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys and increasing urinary glucose excretion, with a risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA).

    Definitions and Impact of ADRs and ADEs

    • An Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is any undesirable event requiring medication modification, potential hospitalization, or supporting treatment.
    • Significant annual statistics reveal 770,000 injuries or deaths due to ADEs in U.S. hospitals, increasing the length of hospitalization by 8-12 days and resulting in substantial healthcare costs.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the critical aspects of Adverse Drug Events (ADEs), including high-risk conditions and vulnerable populations. Learn about the Naranjo Scale and improvements in ADR reporting programs. Understanding these elements is essential for enhancing patient safety in various healthcare settings.

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