QUIZ 3 PHARM

Adverse Drug Effects (ADEs)

• ADEs are harmful reactions to medications, ranging in severity from mild to severe.
• Causes include drug interactions, incorrect dosage, genetic factors, poor prescribing practices, and medication non-adherence.
• Implications include increased morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stays, and the need for additional treatments.
• Prevention strategies for healthcare providers involve careful prescribing, regular patient monitoring, patient education, and comprehensive health records.
• Preventing ADEs is crucial for patient safety by minimizing harm and ensuring effective, safe treatment.
• ADE prevention reduces healthcare costs by decreasing hospital readmissions, unnecessary treatments, and legal liabilities.
• ADEs complicate treatment, increase healthcare costs, and negatively impact patient outcomes.
• Potential consequences include patient harm, increased healthcare utilization, and legal ramifications.
• Healthcare providers can prevent ADEs by reviewing medications, confirming patient understanding, monitoring side effects, and implementing safety protocols.
• Patient education improves adherence, enables patients to recognize side effects, and promotes communication with providers.
• Preventing ADEs enhances treatment effectiveness, improves adherence, reduces complications, and leads to better patient health.
• Preventing ADEs reduces healthcare costs by minimizing unnecessary hospitalizations and treatments.

Gastrointestinal System and Pharmacotherapy

• The digestive tract processes food for nutrient absorption, involving breakdown, digestion, and elimination.
• Constipation causes discomfort, pain, and negatively impacts health.
• Laxatives and cathartics promote bowel movements; cathartics induce more rapid and forceful bowel evacuation than laxatives. Both are used for constipation and bowel preparation before medical procedures. Laxatives soften stools or stimulate bowel contractions; cathartics usually produce watery stools via strong stimulation.
• Signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements, straining during defecation, hard stools, and abdominal discomfort.
• Diarrhea treatment involves hydration, dietary changes, and medications like loperamide (for mild to moderate diarrhea) and opioids (for severe diarrhea, e.g., loperamide).
• Vomiting (emesis) is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents due to irritation, infection, or other underlying conditions.
• Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves ulcers in the stomach or duodenum, often caused by H. pylori bacteria. Risk factors include H. pylori infection and NSAID use.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) involves stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus.
• Assessing patients on pharmacotherapy for PUD or GERD includes monitoring symptoms, medication side effects, adherence, and signs of complications (e.g., bleeding).
• Treatment goals for PUD include symptom relief, ulcer healing, H. pylori eradication (if present), and managing complications.
• For ulcers caused by infection (like H. pylori), antibiotics are used.

• Nursing care for patients with peptic ulcers involves patient education, monitoring, medication administration, and lifestyle modifications.
• Receptor antagonist theory describes how drugs block specific receptors, preventing natural substances from binding and exerting their effects.
• H2 blockers should be withheld if platelet count is <100,000. PPIs should be withheld if the patient has diarrhea or hypermagnesemia.

This quiz covers the key aspects of Adverse Drug Effects (ADEs), including their causes, implications, and prevention strategies. Understand the impact of ADEs on patient safety and healthcare costs, as well as the role of healthcare providers in mitigating these risks. Enhance your knowledge to improve patient outcomes and minimize harm.