QUIZ 3 PHARM

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Questions and Answers

What are adverse drug effects (ADEs)?

Harmful reactions after receiving a medicine, can be mild to severe.

What are the causes of ADEs?

Can be caused by drug interactions, wrong doses, genetics, bad prescribing, lack of adherence.

What are the implications of ADEs for healthcare practice?

Can lead to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, additional treatments, and mortality.

How can healthcare providers prevent ADEs?

Careful prescribing, regular monitoring, patient education, health records. Signup and view all the answers

Why is preventing ADEs important for patient safety?

Reduces risk of harm and ensures patients receive effective and safe treatment. Signup and view all the answers

Why is preventing ADEs important for healthcare costs?

Decreases hospital readmissions, less treatments, and less legal liabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What are ADEs and why are they a concern in healthcare?

They can complicate treatment, increase healthcare costs, and negatively affect patient outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of ADEs?

Patient harm, more healthcare, and legal issues. Signup and view all the answers

What steps can healthcare providers take to prevent ADEs?

Review medications, check patient understanding, monitor side effects, and implement safety protocols. Signup and view all the answers

Why is patient education important in preventing ADEs?

It enhances adherence, empowers them to recognize side effects, encourages proactive communication with healthcare providers. Signup and view all the answers

How can healthcare providers improve patient outcomes by preventing ADEs?

Can enhance treatment effectiveness, improve adherence, and reduce complications, leading to better health. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between preventing ADEs and reducing healthcare costs?

Preventing ADEs reduces unnecessary hospitalizations and treatments, lowering overall healthcare costs. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of the digestive tract/pathway.

It processes food for nutrient absorption, involves breaking down, digesting, and elimination. Signup and view all the answers

Why is constipation bad?

It can lead to discomfort and pain, and can negatively affect health. Signup and view all the answers

Define and state indications for laxatives and cathartics. What’s the difference?

Laxatives and cathartics promote bowel movements; cathartics are more intense and cause rapid evacuation of the bowels. Signup and view all the answers

What are the actions of laxatives and cathartics?

Laxatives may soften stool or stimulate bowel contractions, while cathartics usually cause watery stool through strong stimulation. Signup and view all the answers

How does a nurse know when a patient is constipated?

Infrequent bowel movements, straining during defecation, hard stools, and abdominal discomfort. Signup and view all the answers

What are ways to treat diarrhea?

Hydration, dietary adjustments, and medications such as loperamide. Signup and view all the answers

Define and explain vomiting (emesis).

It is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents from the mouth and nose, due to irritation, infection, or other underlying conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is peptic ulcer disease? What are the risk factors?

Peptic ulcer disease refers to ulcers in the stomach or duodenum, caused by H. pylori bacteria and antibiotic use. Signup and view all the answers

Explain GERD.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

How does a nurse assess a patient that is receiving pharmacotherapy for PUD or GERD?

Monitoring symptoms, side effects of medication, adherence, and signs of complications like bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

What are the treatment goals when a patient has been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease?

Alleviating symptoms, healing of the ulcer, eradication of H. pylori, managing complications. Signup and view all the answers

If the GI tract has ulcers due to an infection, what drug class should be used to help treat the ulcers?

Antibiotics to kill H. pylori. Signup and view all the answers

What’s the role of the nurse when caring for a patient with peptic ulcers?

Educate patient, monitor, administer medication, assist with lifestyle modifications. Signup and view all the answers

Explain receptor antagonist theory simply.

Block specific receptors, preventing natural substances from binding and exerting their effects. Signup and view all the answers

When would you withhold an H2 blocker vs. a PPI?

Hold H2 blocker when platelets are less than 100,000. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adverse Drug Effects (ADEs)

ADEs are harmful reactions to medications, ranging in severity from mild to severe.
Causes include drug interactions, incorrect dosage, genetic factors, poor prescribing practices, and medication non-adherence.
Implications include increased morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stays, and the need for additional treatments.
Prevention strategies for healthcare providers involve careful prescribing, regular patient monitoring, patient education, and comprehensive health records.
Preventing ADEs is crucial for patient safety by minimizing harm and ensuring effective, safe treatment.
ADE prevention reduces healthcare costs by decreasing hospital readmissions, unnecessary treatments, and legal liabilities.
ADEs complicate treatment, increase healthcare costs, and negatively impact patient outcomes.
Potential consequences include patient harm, increased healthcare utilization, and legal ramifications.
Healthcare providers can prevent ADEs by reviewing medications, confirming patient understanding, monitoring side effects, and implementing safety protocols.
Patient education improves adherence, enables patients to recognize side effects, and promotes communication with providers.
Preventing ADEs enhances treatment effectiveness, improves adherence, reduces complications, and leads to better patient health.
Preventing ADEs reduces healthcare costs by minimizing unnecessary hospitalizations and treatments.

Gastrointestinal System and Pharmacotherapy

The digestive tract processes food for nutrient absorption, involving breakdown, digestion, and elimination.
Constipation causes discomfort, pain, and negatively impacts health.
Laxatives and cathartics promote bowel movements; cathartics induce more rapid and forceful bowel evacuation than laxatives. Both are used for constipation and bowel preparation before medical procedures. Laxatives soften stools or stimulate bowel contractions; cathartics usually produce watery stools via strong stimulation.
Signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements, straining during defecation, hard stools, and abdominal discomfort.
Diarrhea treatment involves hydration, dietary changes, and medications like loperamide (for mild to moderate diarrhea) and opioids (for severe diarrhea, e.g., loperamide).
Vomiting (emesis) is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents due to irritation, infection, or other underlying conditions.
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves ulcers in the stomach or duodenum, often caused by H. pylori bacteria. Risk factors include H. pylori infection and NSAID use.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) involves stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus.
Assessing patients on pharmacotherapy for PUD or GERD includes monitoring symptoms, medication side effects, adherence, and signs of complications (e.g., bleeding).
Treatment goals for PUD include symptom relief, ulcer healing, H. pylori eradication (if present), and managing complications.
For ulcers caused by infection (like H. pylori), antibiotics are used. 
Nursing care for patients with peptic ulcers involves patient education, monitoring, medication administration, and lifestyle modifications.
Receptor antagonist theory describes how drugs block specific receptors, preventing natural substances from binding and exerting their effects.
H2 blockers should be withheld if platelet count is <100,000. PPIs should be withheld if the patient has diarrhea or hypermagnesemia.

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Description

This quiz covers the key aspects of Adverse Drug Effects (ADEs), including their causes, implications, and prevention strategies. Understand the impact of ADEs on patient safety and healthcare costs, as well as the role of healthcare providers in mitigating these risks. Enhance your knowledge to improve patient outcomes and minimize harm.