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Questions and Answers
What is the primary application of Immunofluorescence?
What is the primary application of Immunofluorescence?
What is the purpose of etching in Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy?
What is the purpose of etching in Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy?
What is the primary advantage of Cryogenic Electron Microscopy?
What is the primary advantage of Cryogenic Electron Microscopy?
What is the purpose of a computer algorithm in Cryogenic Electron Microscopy?
What is the purpose of a computer algorithm in Cryogenic Electron Microscopy?
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What is the primary limitation of Immunofluorescence?
What is the primary limitation of Immunofluorescence?
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What is the primary difference between Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy and Cryogenic Electron Microscopy?
What is the primary difference between Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy and Cryogenic Electron Microscopy?
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What was the limitation of using compound light microscopes beyond a certain magnification?
What was the limitation of using compound light microscopes beyond a certain magnification?
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What is the main advantage of using Electron Microscopes over Compound Light Microscopes?
What is the main advantage of using Electron Microscopes over Compound Light Microscopes?
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What is the purpose of using Fluorescent Stains in microscopy?
What is the purpose of using Fluorescent Stains in microscopy?
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What is the drawback of using Electron Microscopes?
What is the drawback of using Electron Microscopes?
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What did the development of microscopes allow for?
What did the development of microscopes allow for?
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Why do most cell parts need to be stained in microscopy?
Why do most cell parts need to be stained in microscopy?
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Study Notes
Developments in Microscopy
- Microscopes were first invented in the 17th century, allowing for the discovery of cells.
- As microscopes improved, our understanding of cells and tissues improved dramatically.
Compound Light Microscopes
- Allowed for the discovery of bacteria, chromosomes, mitosis, and meiosis.
- Limited to magnifications of 400X, beyond which it becomes harder to produce a focused image.
Electron Microscopes
- Use beams of electrons to produce high-resolution images.
- Can magnify objects up to 1,000,000X their original size.
- Drawbacks: cannot produce color images, and cells need to be dead to examine them.
Fluorescent Stains
- Use intense light sources (lasers, high power LED) to produce bright images.
- The light is absorbed by the sample and re-emitted, generating high-resolution images.
- Most cell parts are white or colorless and need to be stained to be visible.
Immunofluorescence
- An advancement in fluorescent staining that uses antibodies to bind to specific chemicals (antigens) in the sample.
- Produces multi-colored fluorescent images showing where different chemicals are located.
Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy
- Produces images of surfaces within cells.
- A cell is rapidly frozen, fractured, and then etched to enhance the texture.
- A replica is taken of the fracture and can be examined with an electron microscope.
- Best for showing the texture of a cell part.
Cryogenic Electron Microscopy
- Typically used to research the structure of proteins.
- A protein solution is flash frozen and analyzed with an electron microscope.
- A computer algorithm analyzes the different patterns and generates a 3D image of the protein structure.
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Description
Explore the history and improvements of microscopes, from their invention in the 17th century to their current capabilities, and how they have expanded our understanding of cells and tissues.
