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Cell Biology Introduction
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Cell Biology Introduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms?

  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Organism
  • Cell (correct)
  • What is the branch of biology that deals with the study of structure and function of plant and animal cells?

  • Biology
  • Cytology (correct)
  • Botany
  • Zoology
  • Who observed a thin slice of cork under the microscope and saw cell-like structures?

  • Leeuwenhoek and Galileo
  • Robert Hooke (correct)
  • Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  • Galileo
  • What is a thin slice of any part called?

    <p>Section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the mirror in a microscope?

    <p>To reflect light through the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the condenser in a microscope?

    <p>To reflect light through the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the eyepiece in a microscope?

    <p>To magnify the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the objective lens in a microscope?

    <p>To magnify the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cells when viewed under a microscope?

    <p>They become magnified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Robert Hooke's observation in 1665?

    <p>He observed cell-like structures in a thin slice of cork.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the stage in a microscope?

    <p>To hold the specimen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the coarse and fine adjustors in a microscope?

    <p>To focus the image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the outer cover of a plant?

    <p>Periderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the objective lens in a microscope?

    <p>To magnify the image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the scientist who constructed the simplest microscope in 1600?

    <p>Unknown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for cutting a structure along its length?

    <p>Longitudinal section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the eyepiece lens in a microscope?

    <p>To magnify the image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the invention of the microscope?

    <p>It allowed us to study cells in detail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why cells can be observed easily under a microscope?

    <p>The microscope provides magnification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the objective lens in a microscope?

    <p>To magnify the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of section is obtained when cutting a structure along its length?

    <p>Longitudinal section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the scientist who observed cell-like structures in a thin slice of cork?

    <p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the structure and function of plant and animal cells?

    <p>Cytology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the coarse and fine adjustors in a microscope?

    <p>To adjust the image for better clarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the stage in a microscope?

    <p>To hold the specimen in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the outer cover of a plant?

    <p>Periderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the invention of the microscope?

    <p>It allowed for the study of the structure and function of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum magnification that can be achieved with a light microscope?

    <p>100X to 450X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who formulated the cell theory?

    <p>Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of most cells?

    <p>10-100 microns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a nerve cell?

    <p>Elongated and branched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest cell in the animal kingdom?

    <p>Ostrich egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the eyepiece lens in a microscope?

    <p>To magnify the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for magnification?

    <p>Observed size / Actual size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a red blood cell?

    <p>Discoidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest cell in the animal kingdom?

    <p>PPLO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum magnification that can be achieved with a light microscope?

    <p>1500X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who formulated the cell theory?

    <p>Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a muscle cell?

    <p>Spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of most cells?

    <p>10 to 100 microns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for magnification?

    <p>Observed size / Actual size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a pigment cell of the skin?

    <p>Branched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the objective lens in a microscope?

    <p>To magnify the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest cell in the animal kingdom?

    <p>Nerve cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest cell in the animal kingdom?

    <p>Ostrich egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum magnification that can be achieved with a light microscope?

    <p>1500X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a nerve cell?

    <p>Elongated and branched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of most cells?

    <p>10-100 microns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for magnification?

    <p>Observed size / Actual size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who formulated the cell theory?

    <p>Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a red blood cell?

    <p>Discoidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest cell in the animal kingdom?

    <p>PPLO (Pleuropneumonia like organism)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest cell in the animal kingdom?

    <p>Nerve cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lenses are available in a microscope?

    <p>Both objective and eyepiece lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Fundamental Unit of Life

    • The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.
    • Cytology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of structure and function of plant and animal cells.

    Invention of Microscope

    • The simplest microscope was constructed in 1600 and later used by Galileo and Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
    • In 1665, Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork (dead cell) under the microscope and saw similar structures, which he called cells.

    Microscope Sections

    • A thin slice of any part is called a section.
    • A longitudinal section is obtained by cutting along the length of the structure.
    • A transverse section is obtained by cutting across the structure.

    Working of a Microscope

    • The object on a glass slide is kept on a stage bearing a central hole under an objective lens.
    • Light is reflected through the specimen with the help of a mirror and condenser below the stage.
    • The magnified image of the object can be seen through an eyepiece at the top of the microscope.
    • Focusing is done by adjusting the coarse and fine adjustors fitted in the microscope.
    • Eyepiece lenses of magnification 5X, 10X, 15X and objective lenses of high (40X, 100X) and low (10X) powers are available.

    Observing Cells under Microscope

    • Under the microscope, cells become magnified, making them easy to observe.

    The Fundamental Unit of Life

    • The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

    Cytology

    • Cytology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of structure and function of plant and animal cells.

    Invention of Microscope

    • The simplest microscope was constructed in 1600.
    • Galileo and Anton van Leeuwenhoek used the microscope later.
    • In 1665, Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork (dead cell) under the microscope and saw cell-like structures, which he called cells.

    Observing Cells under the Microscope

    • A thin slice of any part is called a section.
    • A longitudinal section is obtained by cutting along the length, while a transverse section is obtained by cutting across the structure.

    Working of a Microscope

    • The object on a glass slide is kept on a stage bearing a central hole under an objective lens.
    • Light is reflected through the specimen with the help of a mirror and condenser below the stage.
    • The magnified image of the object is seen through an eyepiece at the top of the microscope.
    • Focusing is done by adjusting coarse and fine adjustors fitted in the microscope.
    • Eyepiece lenses of magnification 5X, 10X, 15X and objective lenses of high (40X, 100X) and low (10X) powers are available.
    • Under the microscope, cells become magnified, making it easy to observe them.

    The Fundamental Unit of Life

    • The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

    Cytology

    • Cytology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of structure and function of plant and animal cells.

    Invention of Microscope

    • The simplest microscope was constructed in 1600.
    • Galileo and Anton van Leeuwenhoek used the microscope later.
    • In 1665, Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork (dead cell) under the microscope and saw cell-like structures, which he called cells.

    Observing Cells under the Microscope

    • A thin slice of any part is called a section.
    • A longitudinal section is obtained by cutting along the length, while a transverse section is obtained by cutting across the structure.

    Working of a Microscope

    • The object on a glass slide is kept on a stage bearing a central hole under an objective lens.
    • Light is reflected through the specimen with the help of a mirror and condenser below the stage.
    • The magnified image of the object is seen through an eyepiece at the top of the microscope.
    • Focusing is done by adjusting coarse and fine adjustors fitted in the microscope.
    • Eyepiece lenses of magnification 5X, 10X, 15X and objective lenses of high (40X, 100X) and low (10X) powers are available.
    • Under the microscope, cells become magnified, making it easy to observe them.

    Microscope Lenses

    • Various magnification powers of eye piece lenses: 5X, 10X, 15X
    • Objective lenses with high powers: 40X, 100X and low powers: 10X
    • Magnification formula: observed size / actual size

    Magnification in Light Microscope

    • Combination of objective lenses (10X, 40X) and eyepiece lenses (10X or more) results in magnification of 100X to 450X
    • Best light microscope can magnify structures up to 1500 times their original size

    Cell Theory

    • Formulated by Matthias Schleiden (1838) and Theodor Schwann (1839)
    • Cell Theory states:
      • All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells
      • All cells arise from pre-existing cells

    Cell Size and Shape

    • Cell size ranges from 10 to 100 microns, with some cells visible to the naked eye
    • Examples of cell sizes:
      • Ostrich egg cell: largest animal cell
      • PPLO (Pleuropneumonia like organism) cell: smallest cell, measuring 0.1 to 0.5 microns
    • Longest animal cell: nerve cell, up to meters in length
    • Cell shape depends on specific function, examples:
      • Elongated and branched: nerve cell
      • Discoidal/saucer: RBC
      • Spindle: muscle cell
      • Spherical: eggs
      • Branched: pigment cell of the skin
      • Slipper shaped: paramecium
      • Cuboidal: germ cells of gonads
      • Polygonal: liver cells

    Microscope Lenses

    • Various magnification powers of eye piece lenses: 5X, 10X, 15X
    • Objective lenses with high powers: 40X, 100X and low powers: 10X
    • Magnification formula: observed size / actual size

    Magnification in Light Microscope

    • Combination of objective lenses (10X, 40X) and eyepiece lenses (10X or more) results in magnification of 100X to 450X
    • Best light microscope can magnify structures up to 1500 times their original size

    Cell Theory

    • Formulated by Matthias Schleiden (1838) and Theodor Schwann (1839)
    • Cell Theory states:
      • All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells
      • All cells arise from pre-existing cells

    Cell Size and Shape

    • Cell size ranges from 10 to 100 microns, with some cells visible to the naked eye
    • Examples of cell sizes:
      • Ostrich egg cell: largest animal cell
      • PPLO (Pleuropneumonia like organism) cell: smallest cell, measuring 0.1 to 0.5 microns
    • Longest animal cell: nerve cell, up to meters in length
    • Cell shape depends on specific function, examples:
      • Elongated and branched: nerve cell
      • Discoidal/saucer: RBC
      • Spindle: muscle cell
      • Spherical: eggs
      • Branched: pigment cell of the skin
      • Slipper shaped: paramecium
      • Cuboidal: germ cells of gonads
      • Polygonal: liver cells

    Microscope Lenses

    • Various magnification powers of eye piece lenses: 5X, 10X, 15X
    • Objective lenses with high powers: 40X, 100X and low powers: 10X
    • Magnification formula: observed size / actual size

    Magnification in Light Microscope

    • Combination of objective lenses (10X, 40X) and eyepiece lenses (10X or more) results in magnification of 100X to 450X
    • Best light microscope can magnify structures up to 1500 times their original size

    Cell Theory

    • Formulated by Matthias Schleiden (1838) and Theodor Schwann (1839)
    • Cell Theory states:
      • All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells
      • All cells arise from pre-existing cells

    Cell Size and Shape

    • Cell size ranges from 10 to 100 microns, with some cells visible to the naked eye
    • Examples of cell sizes:
      • Ostrich egg cell: largest animal cell
      • PPLO (Pleuropneumonia like organism) cell: smallest cell, measuring 0.1 to 0.5 microns
    • Longest animal cell: nerve cell, up to meters in length
    • Cell shape depends on specific function, examples:
      • Elongated and branched: nerve cell
      • Discoidal/saucer: RBC
      • Spindle: muscle cell
      • Spherical: eggs
      • Branched: pigment cell of the skin
      • Slipper shaped: paramecium
      • Cuboidal: germ cells of gonads
      • Polygonal: liver cells

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    Description

    Learn about the fundamental unit of life, the structure and function of cells, and the history of microscopy in this introductory quiz.

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