Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characteristic should every group member possess to ensure effective group functioning?
What characteristic should every group member possess to ensure effective group functioning?
Which role is characterized by being creative and imaginative but often ignores details?
Which role is characterized by being creative and imaginative but often ignores details?
What type of relationship exists between the number of group members and the group's productivity?
What type of relationship exists between the number of group members and the group's productivity?
What is a primary weakness of the Resource investigator role?
What is a primary weakness of the Resource investigator role?
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Which team role is responsible for maintaining honesty and clarity within the group?
Which team role is responsible for maintaining honesty and clarity within the group?
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To achieve an optimal group balance, which roles must be present according to the provided guidelines?
To achieve an optimal group balance, which roles must be present according to the provided guidelines?
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Which team role is likely to be seen as manipulative due to its mature and confident nature?
Which team role is likely to be seen as manipulative due to its mature and confident nature?
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What is one potential disadvantage of having only specialists within a group?
What is one potential disadvantage of having only specialists within a group?
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What is cohesiveness in a group context?
What is cohesiveness in a group context?
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Which of the following is a key driver for group cohesiveness?
Which of the following is a key driver for group cohesiveness?
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What is a primary cause of groupthink?
What is a primary cause of groupthink?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with groupthink?
Which symptom is commonly associated with groupthink?
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What is a consequence of groupthink?
What is a consequence of groupthink?
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Which factor does NOT contribute to group cohesiveness?
Which factor does NOT contribute to group cohesiveness?
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What does self-censorship in groupthink refer to?
What does self-censorship in groupthink refer to?
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Which of the following roles represents the discrepancy between expected and enacted roles in a team?
Which of the following roles represents the discrepancy between expected and enacted roles in a team?
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What is one consequence of failing to conform to group norms?
What is one consequence of failing to conform to group norms?
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Which strategy can help prevent groupthink in an organization?
Which strategy can help prevent groupthink in an organization?
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How does high cohesiveness relate to productivity according to the content provided?
How does high cohesiveness relate to productivity according to the content provided?
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What is a major symptom of groupthink as highlighted in the example of Volkswagen?
What is a major symptom of groupthink as highlighted in the example of Volkswagen?
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What role should be assigned to everyone in a group to mitigate groupthink?
What role should be assigned to everyone in a group to mitigate groupthink?
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Which of the following pressures can lead to conformity within a group?
Which of the following pressures can lead to conformity within a group?
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What can be a negative result of group norms if they are not matched with performance norms?
What can be a negative result of group norms if they are not matched with performance norms?
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What is a characteristic of group norms in relation to group cohesiveness?
What is a characteristic of group norms in relation to group cohesiveness?
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What is the impact of a larger group size on individual satisfaction?
What is the impact of a larger group size on individual satisfaction?
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Which of the following best defines a role within a group?
Which of the following best defines a role within a group?
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What common issue may arise in larger groups leading to decreased motivation?
What common issue may arise in larger groups leading to decreased motivation?
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Which aspect is NOT a property of groups that affects performance?
Which aspect is NOT a property of groups that affects performance?
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How does effective communication relate to group size?
How does effective communication relate to group size?
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What is status in a group context?
What is status in a group context?
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What is one potential consequence of role ambiguity in a group?
What is one potential consequence of role ambiguity in a group?
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Which factor primarily influences an individual's behavior in a group setting?
Which factor primarily influences an individual's behavior in a group setting?
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What does group cohesiveness primarily refer to?
What does group cohesiveness primarily refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of high group cohesiveness?
Which of the following is NOT an effect of high group cohesiveness?
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What phenomenon describes a decrease in individual effort in shared group activities?
What phenomenon describes a decrease in individual effort in shared group activities?
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What is the term for the change in behavior due to the influence of a majority?
What is the term for the change in behavior due to the influence of a majority?
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Which of the following outcomes is associated with high group cohesiveness?
Which of the following outcomes is associated with high group cohesiveness?
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What is the main effect of social facilitation?
What is the main effect of social facilitation?
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Which aspect is considered a negative impact of group cohesiveness?
Which aspect is considered a negative impact of group cohesiveness?
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What is the primary reason participants in Asch's experiment chose to conform?
What is the primary reason participants in Asch's experiment chose to conform?
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Which factor contributes to obedience to authority in Milgram's experiment?
Which factor contributes to obedience to authority in Milgram's experiment?
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What is an identified characteristic of individual decision-making?
What is an identified characteristic of individual decision-making?
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In what type of decision-making climate do groups tend to operate?
In what type of decision-making climate do groups tend to operate?
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What is a key difference between individual and group performance in problem-solving?
What is a key difference between individual and group performance in problem-solving?
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What compels individuals to modify their behavior in response to a direct request?
What compels individuals to modify their behavior in response to a direct request?
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What predominantly influences individuals to assume others possess more knowledge than they do?
What predominantly influences individuals to assume others possess more knowledge than they do?
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What percentage of participants in Milgram's experiment delivered the final 450-volt shock?
What percentage of participants in Milgram's experiment delivered the final 450-volt shock?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course: Advanced Management
- Session: 2, Groups and teamwork
- Term: Winter 2024/2025
- Instructor: Prof. Dr. Lars Schweizer
Today's Class Schedule
- Introduction to teams, team formation, and team roles
- Groupthink and Video case: "Challenger Disaster"
- Group properties, group cohesiveness, and social influence in groups
- End of class
Organizational Change Phenomena
- Organizational change phenomena result from a three-level interaction and can be triggered from an outside context
- This interaction involves interplay between industry, the organization, government, groups, individuals, and customers within society.
Definition of Groups and Teams
- Groups consist of two or more people
- Teams share information, goals, and help each other perform individually within their respective areas of responsibility
- Individual efforts in teams result in greater performance than the sum of individual inputs
- Examples of teams include problem-solving teams, cross-functional teams, self-managed teams, and virtual teams
Benefits of Groups/Teams (Organizational and Individual Standpoints)
- Organizational: Innovativeness, creativity, completion of complex tasks, integrative mechanism, controlling mechanism, problem solving, decision-making, and implementation, socializing
- Individual: Social needs for friendship, interaction, sense of belonging, security, development of social identity and self-esteem, access to knowledge and rewards beyond individual reach
Role Development within Teams
- The process involves four stages: expected role, sent role, perceived role, and enacted role
Stages of Team Formation
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
- Adjourning
Stages of Group Development
- Forming (Confusion, uncertainty, testing ground rules, defining goals)
- Storming (Disagreement, struggle for leadership, tension)
- Norming (Consensus, leadership accepted, standards set, cooperation )
- Performing (Successful performance, tasks roles established, openness, helpfulness)
- Adjourning (Disengagement, anxiety about separation)
Why Groups May Hinder Change or Increased Performance
- Group composition
- Role imbalance
- Groupthink
Composition of the Group
- Every group member should possess task-relevant knowledge
- Group size has an inverse U-shaped relationship with productivity
- Diversity of perspectives is beneficial, but de facto information exchange can be a barrier
Belbin's Team Roles
- Roles and their associated contributions and weaknesses (Plant, Resource Investigator, Coordinator, Shaper, Monitor-Evaluator, Team Worker, Implementer, Completer, Specialist)
Achieving Optimal Team Balance
- To achieve best balance: One coordinator or shaper as a leader, a plant to stimulate ideas, a monitor/evaluator to maintain honesty and clarity, one or more implementer, team worker, resource investigator or completer/finisher.
Belbin Roles (Summarized Functions)
- Leading (Coordinator, Shaper, Implementer, Completer/finisher)
- Doing (Implementer, Completer/finisher)
- Thinking (Monitor/Evaluator, Plant, Specialist)
- Socializing (Resource Investigator, Team Worker)
Cohesiveness and Groupthink
- Cohesiveness measures the attraction and motivation among group members to stay within the group
- Groupthink is a mode of thinking where cohesiveness among group members overrides their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. (leading to group pressure for conformity)
Key Drivers for Group Cohesiveness
- Small size
- External threats
- Stable membership
- Past success
- Members sharing common goals
- Opportunity for interaction with others
- Attractiveness of the group to individuals
- Fairness of rewards
Causes of Groupthink
- Group cohesiveness
- Isolation of the group
- Lack of methodological know-how
- Intense stress and lack of hope to find a better alternative
- Autocratic leadership style
Symptoms of Groupthink
- Illusion of invulnerability
- Illusion of morality
- Collective rationalization
- Shared stereotypes
- Self-censorship Direct pressure
- Mindguards
- Illusion of unanimity
Consequences of Groupthink
- Deterioration of decision quality
- Neglecting relevant alternatives and goals
- Inappropriate exploration of risks
- Incomplete and biased information search
- No contingency plans
Group Pressure for Conformity
- The relationship between cohesiveness, social pressure, group norms, conformity, and productivity
Group Pressure to Secure Conformity
- Expulsion from the group
- Mental/physical punishment
- Isolation from group activities
- Verbal persuasion to conform
- Informing members of expected behavior
Group Norms, Cohesiveness, and Productivity
- The relationship between group's performance norms, cohesiveness and its effect on productivity
Social Influence in Groups
- Conformity (change in behavior due to majority)
- Compliance (change in behavior due to a direct request)
- Obedience to authority (change in behavior due to authority figures)
- Examples: Asch's experiment and Milgram's experiment
Model for Understanding Individual Action
- Organization: Roles, resources, and constraints
- Individual: Experience, goals, and personality
- Triggering factors: Interpretation/sensemaking ,leading to Action
Summary of Individual and Group Performance in Decision Making
- Comparing factors like type of problem task, acceptance of decisions, and quality of solutions under individual versus group settings, along with decision-making climate, and available time.
Lessons Learned and Points for Revison
- Advantages of using teams
- How groups and teams form
- The phenomenon of groupthink
- What cohesiveness is, and how it affects team effectiveness
- How social influence drives human behavior in groups and teams
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Description
Test your knowledge on group dynamics, team roles, and social influence in groups with this quiz for Advanced Management Session 2. Explore concepts like groupthink, team formation, and organizational change phenomena for a deeper understanding of teamwork. Ideal for Winter 2024/2025 students.
