Adult Health Test 2: Cancer and Neutrophil Count

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What is the main risk for a cancer patient with a low neutrophil count?

Anemia

Infection (correct)

Thrombocytopenia

Excessive bleeding

What is the best preventive measure to avoid complications for a neutropenic patient?

Consuming high-sugar foods

Avoiding sunlight exposure

Implementing neutropenic precautions (correct)

Increasing physical activity

What temperature is considered concerning for a neutropenic patient in terms of fever?

≥ 37.5°C (99.5°F)

≥ 38.5°C (101.3°F)

≥ 37.0°C (98.6°F)

≥ 38.0°C (100.4°F) (correct)

What is the immediate action to take if doxorubicin infiltrates during infusion?

Notify a physician and follow institution's protocol for managing extravasation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of chemotherapy?

Increased appetite Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored in a patient with thrombocytopenia?

Signs of bleeding like bruising and petechiae Signup and view all the answers

What is the most dangerous complication for a patient with a stem cell transplant?

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Signup and view all the answers

How can we protect a patient with a stem cell transplant from complications like GVHD?

Use prophylactic medications Signup and view all the answers

What is a key instruction for caring for the skin post radiation therapy?

Protect the skin from sun exposure Signup and view all the answers

For a dying cancer patient, what service should be consulted to provide care?

Palliative care team or hospice care services Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of supportive/palliative surgery for cancer patients?

Colostomy for relief of bowel obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of end-stage complications of chest cancers?

Swelling of the face and arms Signup and view all the answers

How can caregivers and others be kept safe when caring for a patient with a radioactive implant?

Ensure caregivers follow specific safety guidelines Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells that can be recognized by the immune system?

Changes in surface molecules or antigens Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes active acquired immunity?

Developed after exposure to an antigen or vaccination Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is transferred from another source like maternal antibodies?

Passive acquired immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of histamine in an allergic reaction?

Increases vascular permeability Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin is elevated in allergic responses?

IgE Signup and view all the answers

In diabetes, what does a positive urine ketones test indicate?

Body using fat for energy Signup and view all the answers

What cells are involved in the allergic response?

Mast cells and basophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to be taken in treating anaphylaxis?

Administer epinephrine immediately Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex-mediated diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus?

Type III Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk for a child if both parents are carriers of a recessive genetic disorder?

25% chance of having the disorder Signup and view all the answers

How can you distinguish between the Somogyi Effect and Dawn Phenomenon based on blood sugar levels?

Check blood sugar levels at night for the Somogyi Effect, and fasting early morning glucose levels for the Dawn Phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment recommendation for hypoglycemia?

Consume 15-20 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates, recheck blood glucose, and repeat as needed Signup and view all the answers

How can one differentiate between T0 and T1 in cancer staging?

T0 indicates no primary tumor, T1 indicates a small tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of care for a neutropenic patient?

Infection control measures Signup and view all the answers

What should be closely monitored in a patient with a severe allergy during assessment?

Signs of respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

What are common dangerous complications for patients with HIV?

Liver or kidney dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

'Which activities should be taught to prevent transmission of HIV?' What should be emphasized?

'Avoiding sharing personal items' Signup and view all the answers

'When should antiretroviral therapy (ART) be initiated for HIV patients?' What is the current recommendation?

'At any time after diagnosis' Signup and view all the answers

'What are potential reasons to delay starting antiretroviral therapy (ART)?' What was historically considered?

'Historically used CD4 count thresholds' Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended percentage of calories from fat in a balanced diet according to the American Diabetes Association?

25-35% Signup and view all the answers

When should Regular Insulin be taken in relation to meals for a diabetic?

30 minutes before meals Signup and view all the answers

What is the common relationship to food for Humalog (Insulin Lispro) in diabetic patients?

Should be taken immediately before or after meals Signup and view all the answers

Which diabetes complication category includes retinopathy and nephropathy?

Microvascular Signup and view all the answers

What causes type 1 diabetes according to the text?

Genetic predisposition and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

How does stress affect diabetes based on the text?

Increases blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What treatment step comes first in managing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

Initial fluid replacement Signup and view all the answers