Adult Health Test 2: Cancer and Neutrophil Count

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Questions and Answers

What is the main risk for a cancer patient with a low neutrophil count?

  • Anemia
  • Infection (correct)
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Excessive bleeding

What is the best preventive measure to avoid complications for a neutropenic patient?

  • Consuming high-sugar foods
  • Avoiding sunlight exposure
  • Implementing neutropenic precautions (correct)
  • Increasing physical activity

What temperature is considered concerning for a neutropenic patient in terms of fever?

  • ≥ 37.5°C (99.5°F)
  • ≥ 38.5°C (101.3°F)
  • ≥ 37.0°C (98.6°F)
  • ≥ 38.0°C (100.4°F) (correct)

What is the immediate action to take if doxorubicin infiltrates during infusion?

<p>Notify a physician and follow institution's protocol for managing extravasation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of chemotherapy?

<p>Increased appetite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored in a patient with thrombocytopenia?

<p>Signs of bleeding like bruising and petechiae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most dangerous complication for a patient with a stem cell transplant?

<p>Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can we protect a patient with a stem cell transplant from complications like GVHD?

<p>Use prophylactic medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key instruction for caring for the skin post radiation therapy?

<p>Protect the skin from sun exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a dying cancer patient, what service should be consulted to provide care?

<p>Palliative care team or hospice care services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of supportive/palliative surgery for cancer patients?

<p>Colostomy for relief of bowel obstruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of end-stage complications of chest cancers?

<p>Swelling of the face and arms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can caregivers and others be kept safe when caring for a patient with a radioactive implant?

<p>Ensure caregivers follow specific safety guidelines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells that can be recognized by the immune system?

<p>Changes in surface molecules or antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes active acquired immunity?

<p>Developed after exposure to an antigen or vaccination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is transferred from another source like maternal antibodies?

<p>Passive acquired immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of histamine in an allergic reaction?

<p>Increases vascular permeability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin is elevated in allergic responses?

<p>IgE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In diabetes, what does a positive urine ketones test indicate?

<p>Body using fat for energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cells are involved in the allergic response?

<p>Mast cells and basophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to be taken in treating anaphylaxis?

<p>Administer epinephrine immediately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex-mediated diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus?

<p>Type III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk for a child if both parents are carriers of a recessive genetic disorder?

<p>25% chance of having the disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you distinguish between the Somogyi Effect and Dawn Phenomenon based on blood sugar levels?

<p>Check blood sugar levels at night for the Somogyi Effect, and fasting early morning glucose levels for the Dawn Phenomenon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment recommendation for hypoglycemia?

<p>Consume 15-20 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates, recheck blood glucose, and repeat as needed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one differentiate between T0 and T1 in cancer staging?

<p>T0 indicates no primary tumor, T1 indicates a small tumor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of care for a neutropenic patient?

<p>Infection control measures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be closely monitored in a patient with a severe allergy during assessment?

<p>Signs of respiratory distress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common dangerous complications for patients with HIV?

<p>Liver or kidney dysfunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Which activities should be taught to prevent transmission of HIV?' What should be emphasized?

<p>'Avoiding sharing personal items' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'When should antiretroviral therapy (ART) be initiated for HIV patients?' What is the current recommendation?

<p>'At any time after diagnosis' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What are potential reasons to delay starting antiretroviral therapy (ART)?' What was historically considered?

<p>'Historically used CD4 count thresholds' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended percentage of calories from fat in a balanced diet according to the American Diabetes Association?

<p>25-35% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should Regular Insulin be taken in relation to meals for a diabetic?

<p>30 minutes before meals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common relationship to food for Humalog (Insulin Lispro) in diabetic patients?

<p>Should be taken immediately before or after meals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diabetes complication category includes retinopathy and nephropathy?

<p>Microvascular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes type 1 diabetes according to the text?

<p>Genetic predisposition and environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does stress affect diabetes based on the text?

<p>Increases blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment step comes first in managing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

<p>Initial fluid replacement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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