Adult Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the cognitive processes that process social information?

  • Cognitive dissonance
  • Social cognition (correct)
  • Social interaction
  • Interpersonal psychology

    • The primacy effect states that we remember later information better than initial information.

    False

    Name one factor that affects how quickly we make judgments about social group membership.

    Attractiveness

    Individuals who believe that successful relationships require work are known as those with __________ beliefs.

    <p>growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of attribution with its description:

    <p>Internal attribution = Cause placed on the individual External attribution = Cause placed on external factors Stable attribution = Lasting cause, like personality traits Unstable attribution = Temporary cause, like mood changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which belief is associated with less satisfying relationships?

    <p>Disagreements are destructive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take to judge attractiveness?

    <p>1/10th of a second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Committed individuals are less likely to forgive their partner's transgressions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is more beneficial in long-term relationships than positive illusions?

    <p>Self-verification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People are more likely to break up with a partner if they believe that partner is dependent on them.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of men report faking orgasm?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexual frequency is linked to increased sexual __________ and satisfaction with life.

    <p>satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements related to passion and intimacy:

    <p>Passion is low = When intimacy is stable Passion is high = When intimacy is rising Intimacy is stable = Passion remains unchanged High intimacy = Results in low passion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as a common argument between couples seeking therapy?

    <p>Financial disagreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women typically enjoy discussing their sexual likes and dislikes openly with partners.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sexual activity relate to happiness according to the material?

    <p>Having sex once a week or more is associated with the same happiness level as earning 50k or more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of too much stability in a relationship?

    <p>Boredom and desire for change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of faking an orgasm in a sexual relationship?

    <p>A partner may think their technique is more effective than it is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Instigation in conflict refers to the positive initiation of a conversation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexual assertiveness is not linked to satisfaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one cause of conflict that involves balancing freedom and intimacy.

    <p>Autonomy versus Connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the conflict process, the step that comes after conflict communication is called __________.

    <p>responses to conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the three factors that can foster better sexual satisfaction.

    <p>Relationship motives, beliefs about sex, or self-expanding activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following responses to conflict with their descriptions:

    <p>Active Constructive = Engaging with a partner to resolve issues Passive Destructive = Avoiding the issue or withdrawing Active Destructive = Confronting aggressively to gain control Passive Constructive = Listening without engaging or responding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Couples experience conflicts an average of ____ times per week.

    <p>2.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reasons for conflict with their corresponding percentages:

    <p>Children = 38% Chores = 25% Communication = 22%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is unlikely to be beneficial for both partners in a relationship?

    <p>Unmitigated sexual communion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of couples report a fun activity on a daily basis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mediates the link between self-expansion activities and relationship satisfaction?

    <p>Sexual desire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of support involves attempts to increase a partner's confidence?

    <p>Esteem support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Stress Buffering Model suggests that social relationships can negatively impact psychological responses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two benefits associated with having supportive relationships?

    <p>Better adjustment to stress and better mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Negative support includes the act of being critical or __________ the partner.

    <p>invalidating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model suggests that social relationships directly encourage healthy behaviors?

    <p>Direct Effect Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Providing support is generally linked to higher mortality rates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction to a threat to a valued relationship called?

    <p>Jealousy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of support with its description:

    <p>Emotional support = Attempts to console the partner Instrumental support = Direct assistance to resolve a problem Esteem support = Attempts to increase partner's self-efficacy Negative support = Being critical or invalidating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of jealousy is associated with an actual threat?

    <p>Reactive jealousy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Men experience more jealousy over emotional infidelity than women.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components that jealousy can manifest through?

    <p>Cognitive, Emotional, Behavioral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women often improve their mate value by trying to please their __________.

    <p>partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of lie with its description:

    <p>Self-serving lie = Benefits the liar Benevolent lie = Benefits others Outright lying = Creating a false impression Concealing information = Hiding the truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does not affect the experience of jealousy?

    <p>Partner's income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Responses to jealousy always lead to positive outcomes for the individual.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do women usually do in response to jealousy according to gender differences?

    <p>Improve mate value or increase attractiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adult Attachment and Partner Buffering

    • Interdependent relationship: a relationship where each person's actions affect the other.
    • Personal relationship: an interdependent, unique relationship.
    • Close relationship: strong influence across activities.
    • Intimate relationship: close with sexual passion.
    • Social relationships were important for survival; bonding increased chances.
    • Attachment anxiety: inconsistent parenting, intense fears of abandonment, hypervigilance, reliance on others.
    • Attachment avoidance: cold, rejecting parenting, distrust, value self-reliance, resist intimacy.
    • Buffering: managing insecure behaviors to improve relationship outcomes.
    • Mate value: considering personal traits/attractiveness.
    • Ideal traits: warmth, trustworthiness, attractiveness/vitality, status/resources.
    • Similarity: attraction from shared traits, values, and beliefs.
    • Familiarity: attraction increases from repeated exposure.
    • Reciprocity: we like people who like us.
    • Symmetry: attractive indicator of physical health, fertility.
    • Features: average features are more attractive, symmetrical. Sexual maturity for women, and masculine/feminized features for men.

    Interdependence Theory and The Investment Model

    • Interdependence theory: social exchange theory maximizing profit minimizing loss.
    • Outcomes = Rewards - Costs
    • Rewards and costs can be tangible/material and intangible/social. Costs are significant due to a 5:1 ratio vs Rewards.
    • Comparison level (CL): personal standards for outcomes.
    • Satisfaction: achieved when outcomes exceed CL.
    • Dependence: outcomes exceeding CL of Alternatives.
    • Alternatives: availability of other potential partners or no partner at all.

    Interpersonal Cognition

    • Social cognition: process of social information
    • Interpersonal Cognition: thinking about close relationships: 4 goals: seeking, understanding, maintaining, and dissolving relationships.
    • First impressions are lasting: primacy effect.
    • Beliefs affect relationship satisfaction: disagreements destructive, mind-reading, unrealistic expectations.
    • Destiny beliefs: predetermined compatibility. Growth beliefs: work required for relationships.
    • Attributions: explaining behavior (internal vs. external, stable vs. unstable).
    • Self-serving bias: attribute positive behaviors internally and negative behaviors externally.
    • Actor/observer effect: different explanations for our actions vs. others'.
    • Positive satisfaction: internal attributions for positive behaviors and external for negative.

    Jealousy, Infidelity, and Divorce

    • Jealousy: reaction to a threat to a valued relationship, can be reactive or suspicious.
    • Factors: dependence, inability to meet needs, mate-value discrepancies, attachment style, and gender roles.
    • Rivalry impacts: potential for fear and the changes required.
    • Jealousy motivations: protective behaviors.
    • Responses to jealousy: cognitive, emotional, behavioral.
    • Outcomes: harm or benefit.
    • Infidelity: violation of relational standards, common in relationships for a variety of reasons.

    Conflict Communication

    • Conflict is inescapable; varying degrees of arguments/disagreements.
    • Conflict causes: autonomy/connection, openness/closedness, stability/change, integration/separation.
    • Conflict stages: instigation, communication, responses, resolution, patterns.
    • Conflict communication tactics: constructive/destructive, active/passive.
    • Gottman's Four Horsemen: criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling.
    • Criticism: attacking personality, not behavior.
    • Contempt: tearing down, disrespect.
    • Defensiveness: defending oneself instead of problem-solving.
    • Stonewalling: refusing to respond, withdrawing.

    Social Support

    • Social support: acts communicating care, validating worth, facilitating coping.
    • Importance for survival.
    • Benefits for provider (status), receiver (lower stress/risk).
    • Types: emotional, esteem, instrumental, negative.
    • Benefits of support; less susceptibility to illness, reduced mortality, better mental health.

    Sex, Passion, and Intimacy

    • Sexuality key relationship mechanism impacting health and well-being
    • Sexual frequency is linked to higher sexual satisfaction and life satisfaction.
    • Both men and women experience more satisfaction when there's consistent sex.
    • Sex frequency is also bidirectional; sex is important for health because sex enhances support and responsive help reduces stress.
    • There are tensions between security and novelty in sex.

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    Description

    Explore the intricacies of adult attachment styles and how they impact personal relationships. This quiz delves into concepts like attachment anxiety, avoidance, buffering, and the traits that enhance relationship satisfaction. Understand the dynamics of interdependence, attraction, and the role of social bonds in relationship outcomes.

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