Questions and Answers
What is the primary therapeutic use of Doxazosin?
What side effect is specifically associated with Epinephrine?
How does Norepinephrine primarily raise blood pressure?
What nursing action is critical when administering Dopamine?
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What is a common adverse effect of Norepinephrine?
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What mechanism of action is associated with Dopamine at higher doses?
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What primary nursing action should be taken after administering Epinephrine?
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What is a critical safety concern when administering Norepinephrine?
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What is the primary therapeutic use of Dobutamine?
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What is the mechanism of action for Atropine?
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Which of the following is a common side effect of Pseudoephedrine?
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What should be monitored when administering Albuterol?
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What condition would contraindicate the use of Atenolol?
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How does Pyridostigmine affect neurotransmission?
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What is a potential adverse effect of using Atropine?
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What nursing action is important when giving Dobutamine?
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Study Notes
Adrenergic Medications Overview
- Doxazosin and Tamsulosin are primarily used for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and low blood pressure, but not hypertension.
- Doxazosin specifically dilates arteries and veins, potentially causing rapid decreases in blood pressure.
- Common side effects (SE) include dizziness, fatigue, and headache; serious adverse effects (AE) may occur.
Nursing Considerations for Doxazosin
- Administer at bedtime to minimize side effects.
- Monitor patients over 65 years for orthostatic hypotension.
- Exercise caution when administering during pregnancy.
Epinephrine
- Acts on Beta 1 and Beta 2 adrenergic receptors, promoting vasoconstriction.
- Used in emergencies such as anaphylaxis and shock.
- Onset of action is 3-5 minutes subcutaneously (SQ) and 5-10 minutes intramuscularly (IM); may cause serious skin and soft tissue injury.
- Side effects include tremors, palpitations, tachycardia, and dizziness; paradoxical bronchospasm is a significant concern.
Nursing Considerations for Epinephrine
- Evaluate effectiveness almost immediately after use, observing blood pressure increases from stimulation of alpha and beta receptors.
- Monitor patient closely for adverse effects post-administration.
Norepinephrine
- Acts as a nonselective adrenergic agonist primarily affecting alpha 1 receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, while beta 1 effects improve cardiac output.
- Therapeutically used as a vasoconstrictor in septic shock.
- Notable side effects include dysrhythmias and hypertension; monitor for necrosis at IV sites.
Nursing Considerations for Norepinephrine
- Monitor blood pressure and heart rate continuously.
- Use a dedicated IV site for administration; no other medications should be infused in the same line.
Dopamine
- At low doses, it selectively stimulates dopaminergic receptors in the kidneys, encouraging vasodilation.
- At higher doses, stimulates Beta 1 receptors to increase cardiac output and alpha receptors for vasoconstriction.
- Used in shock situations, particularly hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock.
- Side effects can include hypertension and dysrhythmias; extravasation is a serious risk.
Nursing Considerations for Dopamine
- Effectiveness typically noted within 5 minutes, with a duration under 10 minutes.
- Continuously monitor vital signs for dysrhythmias and hypertension.
Dobutamine
- A selective beta 1 adrenergic agonist with minor effects on blood pressure.
- Primarily utilized as a cardiac stimulant in cardiogenic shock and heart failure.
- Requires IV administration and has a short half-life.
Atropine
- Blocks parasympathetic actions of acetylcholine, increasing heart rate and promoting bronchodilation.
- Used for treating bradycardia and as an antidote for anticholinesterase poisoning.
- Common side effects include dry mouth and constipation; severe CNS effects may occur.
Nursing Considerations for Atropine
- Monitor blood pressure, pulse, and respiration before and for at least one hour after administration.
- Different routes (SQ, oral) are not interchangeable.
Pseudoephedrine
- A sinus decongestant that indirectly stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors and directly affects beta-adrenergic receptors.
- Side effects include tachycardia and palpitations; should not be used for more than 7 days.
Nursing Considerations for Pseudoephedrine
- Encourage hydration (2-3 liters daily) and monitor for side effects.
Albuterol
- A beta 2 adrenergic agonist primarily used as a bronchodilator.
- Side effects include palpitations, headache, and tremors; effectiveness is indicated by improved airflow.
Nursing Considerations for Albuterol
- Regularly monitor heart rate and respiratory function.
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: Atenolol/Metoprolol
- Beta 1 blockers effective in treating angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and hypertension.
- Contraindicated in patients with severe bradycardia or AV block due to potential adverse cardiovascular effects.
Cholinergic Medications: Pyridostigmine
- Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels for therapeutic effect.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the mechanisms, therapeutic uses, and side effects of adrenergic medications such as Doxazosin, Tamsulosin, and Epinephrine. This quiz covers essential nursing actions and patient monitoring practices related to these drugs, designed for those studying pharmacology and nursing care.
