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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cardiovascular effect of selective α₁ blockers?
What is the primary cardiovascular effect of selective α₁ blockers?
- Increased renal blood flow
- Relaxation of arterial and venous smooth muscle (correct)
- Enhanced glomerular filtration rate
- Increased cardiac output
Which selective α₁ blocker is particularly noted for having the least effect on blood pressure?
Which selective α₁ blocker is particularly noted for having the least effect on blood pressure?
- Prazosin
- Terazosin
- Doxazosin
- Tamsulosin (correct)
What therapeutic use is common for selective α₁ blockers in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?
What therapeutic use is common for selective α₁ blockers in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?
- Increasing bladder neck tone
- Inducing diuresis
- Enhancing urinary retention
- Reducing smooth muscle tone in the prostate (correct)
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of selective α₁ blockers?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of selective α₁ blockers?
What is a contraindication for using Yohimbine?
What is a contraindication for using Yohimbine?
Which of the following is a non-selective α-receptor antagonist?
Which of the following is a non-selective α-receptor antagonist?
What is a common effect of α₁-selective blockers like doxazosin?
What is a common effect of α₁-selective blockers like doxazosin?
What is the mechanism of action for phenoxybenzamine?
What is the mechanism of action for phenoxybenzamine?
Which drug is primarily to be used in the treatment of hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?
Which drug is primarily to be used in the treatment of hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?
What outcome is NOT a result of blocking α-adrenergic receptors?
What outcome is NOT a result of blocking α-adrenergic receptors?
Which of the following β-blockers are classified as β₁-selective in the second generation?
Which of the following β-blockers are classified as β₁-selective in the second generation?
What can lead to decreased blood pressure in patients using nonselective α-blockers?
What can lead to decreased blood pressure in patients using nonselective α-blockers?
Which statement correctly describes the effect of α₂ receptor antagonism?
Which statement correctly describes the effect of α₂ receptor antagonism?
What effect do alpha blockers have on the vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine?
What effect do alpha blockers have on the vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine?
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for the use of alpha blockers?
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for the use of alpha blockers?
Which drug is indicated for the short-term treatment of pheochromocytoma?
Which drug is indicated for the short-term treatment of pheochromocytoma?
What is a common side effect associated with α blocking?
What is a common side effect associated with α blocking?
Which selective α₁ blocker is specifically indicated for benign prostatic hypertrophy?
Which selective α₁ blocker is specifically indicated for benign prostatic hypertrophy?
What is a likely consequence of taking phentolamine?
What is a likely consequence of taking phentolamine?
Which of the following is NOT an indication for phenoxybenzamine?
Which of the following is NOT an indication for phenoxybenzamine?
Which α blocker is known to be the longest-acting?
Which α blocker is known to be the longest-acting?
Flashcards
What are alpha blockers generally used for?
What are alpha blockers generally used for?
Alpha blockers are mainly used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) by relaxing blood vessels and relieving prostate enlargement, respectively.
How do alpha blockers lower blood pressure?
How do alpha blockers lower blood pressure?
They block alpha-adrenergic receptors, reducing the sympathetic tone in blood vessels, causing vasodilation and lowering peripheral resistance, ultimately decreasing blood pressure.
What is epinephrine reversal?
What is epinephrine reversal?
Epinephrine, a hormone with vasoconstrictive effects, is used to test the effectiveness of alpha blockers. Normally, epinephrine causes vasoconstriction. However, in the presence of alpha blockers, the expected vasoconstriction is reversed into vasodilation due to the blocked alpha receptors.
What is pheochromocytoma, and how are alpha blockers involved?
What is pheochromocytoma, and how are alpha blockers involved?
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How do nonselective alpha blockers work?
How do nonselective alpha blockers work?
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Why are nonselective alpha blockers less commonly used?
Why are nonselective alpha blockers less commonly used?
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What are selective α₁ blockers, and how do they work?
What are selective α₁ blockers, and how do they work?
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How do selective α₁ blockers help with BPH?
How do selective α₁ blockers help with BPH?
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What is the 'first-dose' effect of selective α₁ blockers?
What is the 'first-dose' effect of selective α₁ blockers?
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How do selective α₁ blockers work for BPH?
How do selective α₁ blockers work for BPH?
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Why is tamsulosin preferred for BPH?
Why is tamsulosin preferred for BPH?
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What are the major adverse effects of selective α₁ blockers?
What are the major adverse effects of selective α₁ blockers?
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What is yohimbine, and how does it work?
What is yohimbine, and how does it work?
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α-Adrenergic Blockers and Isoproterenol
α-Adrenergic Blockers and Isoproterenol
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α-Adrenergic Blockers and Vasoconstriction
α-Adrenergic Blockers and Vasoconstriction
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Phenoxybenzamine for Pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine for Pheochromocytoma
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Phenoxybenzamine for Raynaud's Disease
Phenoxybenzamine for Raynaud's Disease
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Phenoxybenzamine and Autonomic Hyperreflexia
Phenoxybenzamine and Autonomic Hyperreflexia
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Phenoxybenzamine Side Effects: α-Blocking
Phenoxybenzamine Side Effects: α-Blocking
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Phentolamine: Competitive Blocker of α Receptors
Phentolamine: Competitive Blocker of α Receptors
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Tamsulosin: Selective α₁ Blocker for BPH
Tamsulosin: Selective α₁ Blocker for BPH
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Study Notes
Adrenergic Drugs
- Adrenergic drugs are categorized as agonists or antagonists, affecting alpha and beta receptors.
- Alpha receptor antagonists block the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine, leading to various physiological responses.
- Nonselective alpha antagonists, such as phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine, block both alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors.
- Selective alpha-1 antagonists are used in treating hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- Selective alpha-2 antagonists, like yohimbine, are used in treating Raynaud's disease and for improving erectile dysfunction.
- Beta receptor antagonists block the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine on beta receptors (beta blockers).
- Nonselective beta blockers affect both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.
- Beta-1-selective blockers primarily target beta-1 receptors.
- Beta blockers are used in treating hypertension, angina, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Alpha Blockers
- Alpha blockers prevent sympathetic nerve impulses in the sympathetic nervous system.
- Nonselective alpha blockers include phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine, and they are used in treating pheochromocytoma.
- Selective alpha blockers, such as Prazosin, Terazosin, and Doxazosin, are used in treating hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
- Tamsulosin is a selective alpha-1 blocker used to treat BPH.
Phenoxybenzamine
- Phenoxybenzamine is a non-selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist.
- Its mechanism of action is irreversible non-competitive blocking.
- It causes a sustained reduction in peripheral vascular tone.
- Effects include decreased blood pressure, preventing vasoconstriction, and reflex tachycardia.
- Indications include pheochromocytoma.
- Side effects include postural hypotension, tachycardia, and nasal congestion.
Phentolamine
- Phentolamine is a competitive alpha-adrenergic antagonist.
- Its duration of action is shorter than that of phenoxybenzamine.
- It's primarily used for short-term treatment of pheochromocytoma.
- Used to induce penile erection when injected intravenously along with papaverine.
Selective α1 Blockers
- Selective alpha-1 blockers, like prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, and tamsulosin, block only the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.
- They are used in treating hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- Tamsulosin is effective in treating BPH due to its selective alpha-1A receptor blockage in the prostate.
- Adverse effects include dizziness, nasal congestion, headache, drowsiness, postural hypotension, and a possible tendency toward salt and water retention.
Selective α2 Blockers
- Yohimbine is a selective alpha-2 blocker with no established clinical role.
- May be used to improve or treat erectile dysfunction.
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Description
Explore the categories and effects of adrenergic drugs, focusing on agonists and antagonists that target alpha and beta receptors. Learn about the different types of alpha blockers, their applications in treating various medical conditions, and the role of beta blockers in managing cardiovascular issues.
