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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of adrenergic blockers?
What is the primary action of adrenergic blockers?
Adrenergic blockers block the action of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which are hormones that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system.
What is the primary action of alpha1 blockers?
What is the primary action of alpha1 blockers?
- Have no effect on the alpha1 receptor sites
- Increase the alpha1 receptor sites
- Increase the release of neurotransmitters
- Block the alpha1 receptor sites (correct)
What is the primary action of beta blockers?
What is the primary action of beta blockers?
- Increase the beta adrenergic receptor sites
- Block the beta adrenergic receptor sites (correct)
- Have no effect on the beta adrenergic receptor sites
- Increase the release of neurotransmitters
Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of beta blockers?
Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of beta blockers?
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of beta blockers?
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of beta blockers?
Flashcards
Adrenergic Blockers
Adrenergic Blockers
Drugs that block the actions of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) by blocking receptor sites.
Alpha Blockers
Alpha Blockers
Adrenergic blockers that target alpha-1 receptors, causing vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), lower blood pressure, and changes in the prostate and bladder muscles.
Beta Blockers
Beta Blockers
Adrenergic blockers that target beta receptors, primarily reducing the effects of adrenaline on the heart and blood vessels.
Beta1 Blockers
Beta1 Blockers
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Beta2 Blockers
Beta2 Blockers
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Antihypertensive
Antihypertensive
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Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
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Reynaud's Disease
Reynaud's Disease
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Side effects of Beta Blockers
Side effects of Beta Blockers
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Contraindications for Beta Blockers
Contraindications for Beta Blockers
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Drug interactions with beta blockers
Drug interactions with beta blockers
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Assessment for beta blockers
Assessment for beta blockers
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Study Notes
Adrenergic Blockers - Alpha Blockers
- Action: Blocks alpha1 receptor sites, leading to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, pupil constriction, and reduced smooth muscle contraction in the bladder neck and prostate.
- Use: Antihypertensive, Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), and Reynaud's disease.
- Note: Drugs in this class typically end in "sin" and primarily affect blood vessels.
Adrenergic Blockers - Beta Blockers
Beta 1 Blocker
- Action: Blocks beta adrenergic receptor sites, decreases epinephrine movement, and suppresses the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
- Beta 1 Blocker effects are more prevalent in the heart.
- Beta 2 Blocker effects impact the lungs, uterus, and other organs.
Beta 2 Blocker
- Action: Causes bronchoconstriction, uterine contraction, inhibits glycogenolysis, and leads to hypoglycemia.
Beta Blocker Uses
- Uses: Antihypertensive, angina, heart failure, and dysrhythmias.
- Note: Drugs typically end in "olol," and they affect the heart and blood vessels.
- Selective vs. Non-selective: Some drugs are selective, affecting primarily beta 1 receptors (start with A-M); others are non-selective, affecting both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors (start with N-Z).
Beta Blocker Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
- Side effects: Opposite of adrenergic drugs (e.g., drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, depression, decreased libido, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, masking of hypoglycemia).
Beta Blocker Contraindications
- Contraindications: Heart block, bradycardia, asthma (unless selective beta1), pregnancy, and caution with renal dysfunction and diabetes.
Beta Blocker Interactions
- Interactions: Decreased effect with NSAIDS, increased effect with other antihypertensives and antidysrhythmics, increased risk of hypoglycemia with insulin and sulfonylureas (masks symptoms).
Beta Blocker Assessment
- Assessment: Baseline vital signs, EKG, current medications, and health history.
Beta Blocker Interventions
- Interventions: Monitor vital signs (report marked changes in blood pressure or pulse below 60). Report bothersome side effects (dizziness, lightheadedness, stuffy nose, depression). Provide safety measures (e.g., for orthostatic hypotension).
Beta Blocker Teaching
- Teaching: Take medication at the same time daily. Monitor blood pressure and pulse. Get up slowly. Report side effects. Do not drive until response to the medication is known.
Beta Blocker Evaluation
- Evaluation: Blood pressure decrease, pulse decrease, and side effects managed.
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