L-16 Adrenergic Antagonists

<p>Endogenously released norepinephrine or epinephrine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exogenously, administered sympathomimetic agents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An α-blocker (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relaxation of arterial and venous smooth muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orthostatic hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\alpha_{1A}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronary artery disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering one-third or one-fourth of the normal dose at bedtime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment of nightmares and insomnia associated with PTSD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their selectivity for α1 versus α2 receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doxazosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form a stable bond with the receptor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced peripheral vascular resistance and decreased blood pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid sudden changes in position. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tamsulosin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a compensatory response to the fall in blood pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tamsulosin primarily blocks α1A receptors, while terazosin blocks both α1A and α1B receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By decreasing sympathetic tone in blood vessels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversible blockers bind temporarily to the receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silodosin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have limited clinical usefulness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through agonist actions on α1-adrenergic receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They decrease peripheral vascular resistance by causing relaxation of smooth muscle, resulting in decreased BP. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yohimbine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A noncompetitive antagonist that forms a covalent bond with α-receptors causing irreversible blockade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to significant reflex tachycardia, counteracting the desired effect of lowering blood pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A β-blocker, such as metoprolol. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A competitive, reversible antagonist of both α1- and α2-receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevention of rebound hypertension due to abrupt clonidine withdrawal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its long-lasting, irreversible blockade of α-receptors makes it effective in controlling the hypertension associated with this condition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blockade of α-receptors in the reproductive system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflex tachycardia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drugs that block the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine by binding to adrenergic receptors.

These drugs interact with either alpha (α) or beta (β) adrenoceptors to prevent or reverse the effects of adrenaline or noradrenaline.

These drugs prevent or reverse the actions of naturally released norepinephrine or epinephrine or even synthetically made adrenaline-like drugs.

They can be used to treat conditions like high blood pressure, anxiety, or even some types of heart problems.

These drugs are used to manage symptoms related to the excess production or actions of adrenaline or noradrenaline.

Drugs that block α-adrenergic receptors, classified based on their selective affinity for α1 or α2 receptors.

α-blockers that bind to both α1 and α2 receptors indiscriminately.

α-blockers that target either α1 or α2 receptors specifically.

α-blockers that can be reversed, allowing the receptor to regain function.

α-blockers that permanently bind to the receptor, rendering it inactive.

Blocking α1-adrenergic receptors primarily affects blood pressure, leading to decreased peripheral vascular resistance.

Blocking α1 receptors results in lower blood pressure, causing the heart to beat faster to compensate.

Selective targeting of α2 receptors has limited use in clinical practice.

A condition of dangerously high blood pressure, often caused by tyramine-rich foods in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

A drug used to reverse the effects of alpha-agonists, such as dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine.

The use of an alpha-blocker to prevent tissue damage after accidental injection of norepinephrine outside a vein.

A potential side effect of alpha-blockers, especially during the first dose, causing a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing.

A type of alpha-receptor found in the prostate gland.

A type of alpha-receptor located in both the prostate and blood vessels.

A type of alpha-receptor primarily found in blood vessels.

Alpha-blockers like Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin, Alfuzosin, Tamsulosin, and Silodosin can relax the prostate muscle, improving urine flow.

A medication that blocks alpha-receptors, causing a decrease in peripheral vasoconstriction and leading to reduced blood pressure. It primarily affects alpha-1 receptors.

A persistent effect, lasting for a longer period, due to the formation of a strong bond with the receptor.

Since Phenoxybenzamine binds permanently to alpha-receptors, it can't be reversed easily, unlike other medications.

The ability of a drug to affect the body can vary based on how strongly it binds to a specific type of receptor. Phenoxybenzamine acts more strongly on alpha-1 receptors.

Phentolamine is a medication that temporarily blocks alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors, reversing the effects of adrenaline-like chemicals.

Unlike Phenoxybenzamine's permanent binding, Phentolamine's interaction with receptors is temporary and can be reversed.

Both Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine are used to control high blood pressure caused by tumors in the adrenal glands (pheochromocytoma), but Phenolamine's action is shorter.

Phentolamine can be used to treat high blood pressure caused by withdrawal from medications like clonidine. This helps prevent sudden pressure increases.

α1-blockers that relax smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder, improving urine flow. They are primarily prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

A condition characterized by a floppy iris during cataract surgery, often caused by α1A-blockers such as tamsulosin.

A side effect of α1-blockers, especially tamsulosin, that can occur during cataract surgery, leading to difficulty in accessing the lens.

Non-selective α-blockers that act on both α1 and α2 receptors, causing vasodilation and lowering blood pressure.

A selective α2-blocker that increases central sympathetic activity and norepinephrine release, primarily found in the bark of the Yohimbe tree.

α1-blockers can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness or fainting, especially with the first dose.

α1-blockers such as terazosin and doxazosin, used for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia, are potent vasodilators that lower blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance.

A rare adverse effect of α1-blockers, specifically doxazosin, involving swelling under the skin, potentially caused by an immune reaction.