90 Questions
Which of the following is a cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?
Excessive unregulated secretion of aldosterone
What is the major cause of Addison disease in the United States?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
What is the main manifestation of adrenal insufficiency?
Hyperpigmentation
What stimulates the secretion of aldosterone?
Hypovolemia
What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
What causes the skin to look bronzed or suntanned in adrenal insufficiency?
Elevated levels of ACTH
What is the cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency?
Hypopituitarism
Which of the following is a primary manifestation of adrenal insufficiency?
Orthostatic hypotension
True or False: A patient with secondary adrenal insufficiency is likely to experience hyperkalemia.
False
What is the treatment for adrenal insufficiency?
All of the above
What is the major glucocorticoid hormone replaced in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?
Cortisol
What is the underlying cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
Deficiency in cortisol synthesis
What are the clinical manifestations of the 'salt-losing' form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, dehydration, shock
True or False: Boys are seldom diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) unless they have enlarged genitalia or manifest adrenal crisis.
True
Which of the following is a clinical consequence of hyperaldosteronism?
Hypokalemia - Alkalosis
Which of the following is a cause of Cushing syndrome?
Hypercortisolism
Which of the following is a manifestation of adrenal insufficiency?
Hyperkalemia
Which of the following is a cause of hyperaldosteronism?
Adrenal insufficiency
Which of the following is a function of aldosterone?
Promotes sodium reabsorption and water retention
Which of the following is a manifestation of Cushing syndrome?
Hypertension
Which of the following will promote aldosterone secretion?
Hypovolemia
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) in female infants?
Excess facial hair
What is the cause of CAH?
Excessive production of androgens
Which diagnostic test is commonly used for CAH?
Serum 17-OHP
What is the main treatment for CAH?
Glucocorticoid replacement
When should reconstructive surgery be considered for CAH patients?
During the first year of life
What is the term used to describe the development of male sex characteristics in females with CAH?
Virilization
Which medication may be prescribed to CAH patients experiencing unwanted hair growth or androgenic hair loss?
Antiandrogen drugs
When is stress dosing of glucocorticoids necessary for CAH patients?
During periods of illness or significant stressors
What is the role of fludrocortisone acetate in the treatment of CAH?
Mineralocorticoid replacement
Which of the following is a cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Cushing syndrome?
Hypertension
What stimulates the secretion of aldosterone?
Hypovolemia
Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperaldosteronism?
Hypokalemia
What is the cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
Genetic enzyme deficiencies
Which of the following is a clinical consequence of hyperaldosteronism?
Hypokalemia - Alkalosis
True or False: A patient with secondary adrenal insufficiency is likely to experience hyperkalemia.
False
Which of the following is a primary manifestation of adrenal insufficiency?
Skin hyperpigmentation
What is the major glucocorticoid hormone replaced in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?
Cortisol
Which of the following is a cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?
Adrenal tumor
What is the cause of CAH?
Deficiency in cortisol synthesis enzymes
Which of the following is a cause of Cushing syndrome?
Excessive cortisol production
What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands
What are the clinical manifestations of the 'salt-losing' form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
Hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia
Which of the following is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) in the United States?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
Which of the following is the major cause of Addison disease in countries where it is more prevalent?
Tuberculosis
What is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism (excessive production of mineralocorticoids)?
Excessive unregulated secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
Which of the following is a cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism?
Excessive unregulated secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
What is the major manifestation of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)?
Glucocorticoid deficiency
What is the major manifestation of secondary adrenal insufficiency?
Elevated ACTH levels
What causes the skin to look bronzed or suntanned in adrenal insufficiency?
Elevated ACTH levels
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) in female infants?
Enlarged genitalia
What is the diagnostic test used to identify Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?
All of the above
What is the main treatment for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?
Oral glucocorticoid replacement
When is stress dosing of glucocorticoids necessary for CAH patients?
All of the above
What is the term used to describe the development of male sex characteristics in females with CAH?
Virilization
Which medication may be prescribed to CAH patients experiencing unwanted hair growth or androgenic hair loss?
Antiandrogen drugs
What is the cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?
Hyperproduction of androgens
When should reconstructive surgery be considered for CAH patients?
During the first year of life
What is the term used to describe the appearance of pubic and armpit hair in CAH patients?
Hirsutism
Which of the following is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) in the United States?
Autoimmune destruction
What is the major cause of Addison disease in countries where tuberculosis is more prevalent?
Tuberculosis
What is the cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?
Excessive unregulated secretion of aldosterone
What is the cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism?
Excessive secretion of renin
What is the major manifestation of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)?
Hyperpigmentation
What is the major manifestation of secondary adrenal insufficiency?
Glucocorticoid deficiency
What causes skin hyperpigmentation in adrenal insufficiency?
Elevated levels of ACTH
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)?
Hyperkalemia
What are the clinical manifestations of the 'salt-losing' form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, dehydration, shock
True or False: A patient with secondary adrenal insufficiency is not likely to experience skin hyperpigmentation.
False
What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) in the United States?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands
What is the major glucocorticoid hormone replaced in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?
Cortisol
What is the cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?
Deficiency in enzymes necessary for cortisol synthesis
What is the main treatment for CAH?
Steroid replacement
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of hyperaldosteronism?
Hypokalemia
Which of the following is a cause of Cushing syndrome?
Excessive production of glucocorticoids
What is the major manifestation of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)?
Hypotension
What is the cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency?
Deficiency of ACTH
Which of the following is a primary manifestation of adrenal insufficiency?
Weakness and fatigue
What is the main treatment for CAH?
Glucocorticoid replacement therapy
Which of the following will promote aldosterone secretion?
Hypovolemia
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of CAH in infants with hyperproduction of androgens?
Deep voice
What is the diagnostic test commonly used for CAH?
Serum 17-OHP (17-hydroxyprogesterone)
Which of the following is a medical treatment for CAH?
Oral or parenteral glucocorticoid replacement
When is stress dosing of glucocorticoids necessary for CAH patients?
During periods of illness or other significant stressors
What is the term used to describe the development of male sex characteristics in females with CAH?
Virilization
Which of the following is a treatment option for women with CAH experiencing unwanted hair growth or androgenic hair loss?
Antiandrogen drugs
What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of hyperaldosteronism?
Hypertension
What is the cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
Hyperproduction of androgens
Test your knowledge on the causes, manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments of adrenal insufficiency. Determine whether a patient with secondary adrenal insufficiency is likely to experience skin hyperpigmentation. Explore the various manifestations related to Na mineralocorticoid deficiency, glucocorticoid deficiency, and elevated ACTH levels.
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