12 Questions
Where are the adrenal glands located?
On top of the kidneys
What function is regulated by aldosterone?
Electrolyte and water balance
What is the main function of the adrenal medulla?
Producing hormones for the 'fight or flight' response
What is the name of the condition caused by excessive production of cortisol?
Cushing's Syndrome
What is the name of the tumor that can occur in the adrenal medulla?
Pheochromocytoma
What is the symptom of adrenal insufficiency?
Fatigue, weakness, and weight loss
What is the primary cause of adrenal insufficiency?
Adrenal gland damage
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of adrenal insufficiency?
High blood pressure
What type of hormone replacement therapy is used to treat adrenal insufficiency?
Cortisol and aldosterone
What is the purpose of stimulation tests in diagnosing adrenal insufficiency?
To stimulate ACTH production
What lifestyle modification is recommended for adrenal insufficiency patients?
Increase salt intake
What is the name of the disease caused by adrenal insufficiency?
Addison's disease
Study Notes
Location and Structure
- Located on top of the kidneys
- Two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney
- Each adrenal gland has two parts: the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla
Functions
-
Adrenal Cortex:
- Produces hormones that regulate:
- Electrolyte and water balance (aldosterone)
- Sugar metabolism (cortisol)
- Sex hormones (androgens and estrogens)
- Produces hormones that regulate:
-
Adrenal Medulla:
- Produces hormones that regulate:
- "Fight or flight" response (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
- Produces hormones that regulate:
Hormones Produced
-
Glucocorticoids:
- Cortisol: regulates glucose metabolism, immune response, and stress response
-
Mineralocorticoids:
- Aldosterone: regulates electrolyte and water balance
-
Androgens:
- Produces small amounts of androgens, contributing to male characteristics
-
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine:
- Produced in response to stress, increases heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels
Disorders and Diseases
- Adrenal Insufficiency: insufficient production of hormones, leading to fatigue, weakness, and weight loss
- Cushing's Syndrome: excessive production of cortisol, leading to weight gain, high blood pressure, and mood changes
- Pheochromocytoma: benign tumor of the adrenal medulla, leading to excessive production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, causing hypertension and heart palpitations
Learn about the location, structure, and functions of the adrenal glands, including hormone production and regulation. Understand adrenal disorders and diseases, such as adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, and pheochromocytoma.
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