Adrenal Glands: Structure, Functions, and Disorders

Where are the adrenal glands located?

What function is regulated by aldosterone?

What is the main function of the adrenal medulla?

What is the name of the condition caused by excessive production of cortisol?

What is the name of the tumor that can occur in the adrenal medulla?

What is the symptom of adrenal insufficiency?

What is the primary cause of adrenal insufficiency?

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of adrenal insufficiency?

What type of hormone replacement therapy is used to treat adrenal insufficiency?

What is the purpose of stimulation tests in diagnosing adrenal insufficiency?

What lifestyle modification is recommended for adrenal insufficiency patients?

What is the name of the disease caused by adrenal insufficiency?

Location and Structure

Located on top of the kidneys
Two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney
Each adrenal gland has two parts: the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla

Functions

Adrenal Cortex:
- Produces hormones that regulate:
  - Electrolyte and water balance (aldosterone)
  - Sugar metabolism (cortisol)
  - Sex hormones (androgens and estrogens)
Adrenal Medulla:
- Produces hormones that regulate:
  - "Fight or flight" response (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Hormones Produced

Glucocorticoids:
- Cortisol: regulates glucose metabolism, immune response, and stress response
Mineralocorticoids:
- Aldosterone: regulates electrolyte and water balance
Androgens:
- Produces small amounts of androgens, contributing to male characteristics
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine:
- Produced in response to stress, increases heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels

Disorders and Diseases

Adrenal Insufficiency: insufficient production of hormones, leading to fatigue, weakness, and weight loss
Cushing's Syndrome: excessive production of cortisol, leading to weight gain, high blood pressure, and mood changes
Pheochromocytoma: benign tumor of the adrenal medulla, leading to excessive production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, causing hypertension and heart palpitations

Learn about the location, structure, and functions of the adrenal glands, including hormone production and regulation. Understand adrenal disorders and diseases, such as adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, and pheochromocytoma.